Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Harnessing cordycepin’s therapeutic potential: A review with special focus on breast cancer","authors":"Shanmugham Poongkuzhali, Natarajan Muninathan, Arumugam Suresh, Christina Beula","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cordycepin (CD), 3′- deoxy adenosine, is a major bioactive compound secreted by the entomopathogenic fungus <em>Cordyceps militaris</em> and <em>Cordyceps sinensis. Cordyceps sinensis</em> is known as <em>DongChongXiaCa</em> in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It possesses various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-tumor activities. It also alleviates fatigue. Its therapeutic potential extends from cancer to several metabolic disorders. The therapeutic efficacy of CD in preclinical breast cancer (BC) studies has been highlighted with a focus on molecular pathways modulated by the compound.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted across various electronic databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed in order to identify the relevant <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies. The chosen articles focused on the molecular mechanisms modulated by CD in BC and in other cancers. Articles related to therapeutic effects of CD against metabolic disorders, synergistic mechanisms with conventional treatments, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic limitations, clinical prospects and challenges of CD were also retrieved.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Pre-clinical studies reported that CD possesses broad spectrum of biological properties, such as anti-tumor, anti-aging, anti-hyperlipidemic, inhibition of fat accumulation, reduction of body weight, anti-viral, anti-SARS-CoV-2, anti-hyperglycemic and skin-lightening properties<em>. In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies highlighted the anti-cancer property of CD against BC. It covers the molecular pathways modulated by the natural compound in BC. CD induced apoptosis by upregulating Bax/BcL ratio, cleaved caspases 8 and 7 and downregulating BcL-2 in BC cell lines as well as in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) xenograft models. It initiated autophagy in MCF-7 cells and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. CD inhibited cell invasion and metastasis by downregulating matrix metalloproteinases (MMP’s), epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in TNBC xenograft model. It also downregulated EMT transcription factors in TNBC cancer cell lines, inhibited markers of hedgehog signaling pathway. Several other BC molecular pathways regulated by CD are also covered. Apart from anti-BC activity, it also possesses anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-hyperglycemic, immunomodulatory, anti-obesity, anti-pigmentation, anti-anxiety, stress lowering, and anti-hypertensive properties. Pre-clinical studies on CD’s anti-cancer activity against colon, hepatocellular, leukemia and other cancers have been included. It displayed synergistic effects when combined with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs, including doxorubicin, cisplatin, gemcitabine and apatinib. One of the major limitations of CD is the bioavailability of the compound inside the human body. As CD is susceptible to degradation by adenosine deaminase (A","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100742"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yishen Quzhuo decoction improve chronic kidney disease by regulating amino acid metabolism: An experimental validation guided by network pharmacology","authors":"Ming-ming He,&nbsp;Chun-yan Lv,&nbsp;Xiu-min Wang,&nbsp;Yuan Zhong,&nbsp;Li Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100776","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100776","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>YiShen QuZhuo Decoction (YSQZD) is a clinically proven traditional Chinese medicine formula for chronic kidney disease (CKD), but its underlying mechanism lacks systematic investigation. CKD is a prevalent renal disorder with limited effective treatments, and traditional herbal medicines are gaining attention as safer alternatives. Renal tubular injury is a key pathological change in CKD, closely linked to renal interstitial fibrosis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Network pharmacology was used to predict active ingredients, key targets, and potential mechanisms of YSQZD against CKD. BATMAN-TCM, GeneCards, STRING, and DAVID databases were employed for target screening, PPI network construction, and GO/KEGG enrichment analysis. TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cell injury model was used for in vitro validation. MTT assay, immunofluorescence staining, and GC-MS-based amino acid metabolomics were performed to evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of YSQZD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Network pharmacology identified 19 active ingredients (score &gt;100, based on BATMAN-TCM default high-confidence threshold and previous literature support) and 57 common targets of YSQZD and CKD. GO/KEGG analysis revealed 26 signaling pathways, including 5 amino acid metabolism-related pathways (P&lt;0.05). In vitro experiments (n=6 biological replicates per group) showed YSQZD dose-dependently alleviated TGF-β1-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. Western blot confirmed upregulated E-cadherin and downregulated α-SMA. Amino acid metabolomics indicated YSQZD significantly regulated aspartic acid, glutamine, and leucine levels (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>YSQZD exerts anti-CKD effects through multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway mechanisms. It regulates amino acid metabolism (especially aspartic acid) and inhibits EMT, which may be associated with SLC family transporters. The findings provide a scientific basis for YSQZD's clinical application, but further in vivo and clinical studies are needed to confirm its efficacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147419812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Chinese herbal medicine on reducing steroid-induced adverse reactions: A systematic review and meta-analysis from 1651 autoimmune disease patients in 18 randomized controlled trials","authors":"Tung-Leong Fong ,&nbsp;Guang Chen ,&nbsp;Chen Shen ,&nbsp;Shichen Zhou ,&nbsp;Yunqing Xun ,&nbsp;Yue Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Ning Wang ,&nbsp;Chak Sing Lau ,&nbsp;Yibin Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100779","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100779","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Steroid-induced adverse reactions present significant challenges in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Chinese herbal medicine, especially yin-nourishing formulations, shows potential for managing these adverse reactions. The objective of this review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of various types of Chinese herbal medicine, including herbal formulations, extracts, and single compounds, in preventing and managing the adverse reactions caused by steroids in patients with autoimmune diseases.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; We followed PRISMA guidelines to report this review. Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) which investigated the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine, in any form and way of administration, on patients with steroid-induced adverse reactions, compared to any type of control, without language restrictions, were identified through electronic database searches. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database were systematically searched. All databases were screened up to March 2025. Retrieved data were both qualitatively and quantitatively synthesized. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2 and the following domains were considered: randomization, deviations from intended interventions, missing outcome data, outcome measurement, and selection of reported results. Each outcome’s quality of evidence was determined using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, considering the risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 18 studies with 1651 participants were included in this meta-analysis, of which 14 studies were rated as high risk of bias and 4 were rated as some concerns. All the evidence generated from this study was moderate or very low based on GRADE system. Compared with standard care alone, adding Chinese herbal medicine during the treatments for autoimmune diseases yielded a significant reduction in the incidence of gastrointestinal disturbance (RR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.41–0.84), infection (RR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.34–0.70), insomnia (RR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.32–0.54), hyperglycemia (RR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.68), Cushing syndrome (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.41–0.75), psychiatric adverse reactions (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.44–0.69), abnormal heat sensation (RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.39–0.68), dizziness with tinnitus (RR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32–0.93), and xerostomia (RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.33–0.77). Adding Chinese herbal medicine also effectively treats the adverse reactions, including dizziness and tinnitus, and xerostomia induced by steroid use.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;:&lt;/strong&gt; Adding Chinese herbal medicine during the treatments among autoimmune diseases might not only prevent the occurrence o","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100779"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC-MS, quantitative phytochemical estimation and biological activities of the leaf and root extracts of Ficus racemosa L․","authors":"Shikha Dhiman,&nbsp;Priyanka Sharma,&nbsp;Jyoti Rana,&nbsp;Amit Kumar Sehgal","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100788","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100788","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Ficus racemosa</em> L. (Jù guǒ róng) is a traditionally used medicinal plant in the management of various ailments, including diabetes, dysentery, bilious affections, diarrhea, etc. The present study aimed to comparatively evaluate the phytochemical constituents and biological activities of its leaf and root extracts.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Preliminary qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed to determine the presence and concentration of major secondary metabolites. Antioxidant potential was assessed using DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the disk-diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the resazurin-based microdilution technique. Enzyme inhibitory activity was assessed against alpha-amylase and urease enzymes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Phytochemical evaluation confirmed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, etc. Quantitative estimation revealed higher polyphenolic content in the root extracts and GC–MS analysis identified various compounds, including lupeyl acetate, <em>n-</em> hexadecanoic acid, squalene, lupan-3-ol, acetate, lanosterol acetate, etc., which contribute to the biological activities of the plant. Antioxidant assays revealed comparatively lower IC₅₀ and EC₅₀ values for the methanolic root extract (15.54 and 330.40 µg/mL, respectively), correlating with its higher phenolic and flavonoid content. Antimicrobial screening indicated that root extracts exhibited broader-spectrum activity. Enzyme inhibition studies demonstrated significant alpha-amylase inhibitory activity, with the methanolic root extract exhibiting the strongest effect (IC₅₀ = 0.128 mg/mL). Similarly, the highest urease inhibition was observed for the methanolic root extract (IC₅₀ = 0.372 mg/mL), suggesting potential hypoglycemic and anti-urease effects.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings not only provide scientific validation for the traditional use of <em>F. racemosa</em> but also highlight its potential as a promising source of bioactive compounds for the development of novel antioxidant, antimicrobial and hypoglycemic therapeutics, warranting further isolation and characterization studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100788"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The multifaceted therapeutic potential of Huangbai liniment: Modulation of IL, TGF-β and Nrf2 pathways in inflammation downregulation and diabetic wound healing","authors":"Abhishek Singh ,&nbsp;Seema Yadav ,&nbsp;Amita Verma ,&nbsp;Jagat Pal Yadav ,&nbsp;Narahari N. Palei","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Huangbai liniment, derived from <em>Phellodendron amurense</em>, is widely recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties, such as reducing inflammation, combating oxidative stress, and promoting wound healing. This review consolidates scientific findings from authoritative databases, including PubMed, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, the Chinese Electronic Periodical Services Database of Taiwan, Europe PMC, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The therapeutic potential of Huangbai liniment was explored, particularly its role in modulating key cellular pathways, including IL, Nrf2, and TGF-β, which contribute to inflammation regulation and diabetic wound healing. The bioactive constituents of <em>Phellodendron amurense</em>, including alkaloids such as berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine, exhibit significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory activities. Additionally, other active compounds, including lignans, phenolics, and limonoids, contribute to its broad-spectrum efficacy against conditions such as cancer, bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. This review also highlights the available clinical trials. Given the increasing global interest in herbal medicine, particularly in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), further research is necessary to validate its therapeutic potential and facilitate its integration into modern pharmaceutical applications. This review underscores the significance of Huangbai liniment as a promising candidate for drug development, bridging traditional applications with scientific validation for future therapeutic innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms of Morus species: Part-specific insights from traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"Akash Bhati,&nbsp;Hemanth Kumar Boyina,&nbsp;Navneet Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Various parts of the Morus species have long been used in TCM, which are increasingly known for their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review systematically explores the phytochemical composition and therapeutic relevance of Morus species within the TCM framework.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature analysis was conducted across ScienceDirect.PubMed and Google Scholar, concentrating more on peer-reviewed English-language articles, clinical trials, and reviews published up to 2025.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of the initial 297 sources identified, 165 were selected for relevance to Morus and its bioactive constituents. More emphasis has been placed on those studies providing part-specific information on leaves, bark, stems, fruits, twigs, and roots, which are commonly used in traditional formulations. The review maps the distribution of phytochemicals across these botanical parts and highlights their pharmacological actions with special attention to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms. Key compounds discussed in relation to modulation of oxidative stress, inflammatory pathways, and possible clinical applications include flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyphenols.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The current synthesis provides a comprehensive phytochemical profile of Morus species and emphasizes their therapeutic potential in the management of chronic inflammatory-degenerative disorders. Despite this promise, the effects await further confirmation by targeted pharmacological studies and well-designed clinical trials. Elucidation of the role of bioactive compounds from Morus species might help to include such compounds in evidence-based complementary medicine and drug development strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100749"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145939177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chinese herbal medicine improves depressive symptoms and regulates hormonal levels in the treatment of menopausal depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Kim Sia Sng ,&nbsp;Si Woei Goh ,&nbsp;Yi Ker Wong ,&nbsp;Jen Yann Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of menopausal depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, Chongqing VIP, and SinoMed were searched. All RCTs were assessed for eligibility and data extraction, subsequently assessed on the quality with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analysis was performed on RevMan Web on all included studies for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI), serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinising hormone (LH), oestradiol (E2), and adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review included 27 RCTs with 2540 participants. The quality of studies included was generally poor. Nevertheless, single use of CHM or in combination with conventional medicine significantly improved HAMD and KMI scores (<em>p</em>&lt;0.0001). CHM appears to be able to complement conventional medicine in further reducing serum FSH and LH, while increasing E2 levels. Subgroup analysis revealed that 4, 6 and 8 weeks of CHM can significantly reduce HAMD score, except for 12 weeks with no significant difference; while capsules and decoction type of CHM can significantly reduce HAMD scores, unlike granules type of CHM. Adverse events were lesser reported in the group that uses CHM when compared to single use of conventional medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>CHM has its effectiveness in menopausal depression women when being used alone or may provide additional efficacies when used in combination with conventional medicine, as well as lesser side effects were reported whenever CHM is being used.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100758"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing Clerodendrum serratum and its Nanoformulations: A tri-modal evaluation for improved anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities","authors":"Pandey Priya Arun ,&nbsp;Ritu Raj Patel ,&nbsp;Kiran Rajendra Giri ,&nbsp;Amrita Ghosh ,&nbsp;Meenakshi Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of <em>Clerodendrum serratum</em> extract (CSE), its silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and PEGylated nanoparticles (PEG-AgNPs) using <em>in vivo</em>, and <em>in silico</em> approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Material and methods</h3><div>Acute and chronic inflammation were induced using carrageenan and FCA in wistar rats, respectively. Animals were treated with <em>Clerodendrum serratum</em> extract (CSE), AgNPs, or PEG-AgNPs, and evaluated for paw edema, inflammatory scores, body weight, hematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. Analgesic, antioxidant, cytokine (TNF-α, IL-6), and molecular docking analyses were performed to assess anti-inflammatory efficacy and mechanistic insights.</div></div><div><h3>Result and Discussion</h3><div>Analgesic evaluation using hot-plate and tail-flick assays demonstrated that at the highest doses, CSE at 400 mg/kg produced analgesic effects of 71 % and 67 %, AgNPs at 0.4 mg/kg achieved 83 % and 86 %, and PEG-AgNPs at 0.4 mg/kg exhibited the strongest activity with 86 % and 85 %, respectively, comparable to the standard drug diclofenac at 10 mg/kg, exhibiting 92 % and 89 % activity supporting their potent anti-nociceptive activity. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that both CSE and AgNP treatments dose-dependently reduced intracellular ROS levels, with PEG-AgNPs at 0.4 mg/kg exhibiting the most potent antioxidant effect, showing 35 % of ROS population. <em>In vivo</em> analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines from serum of CSE, AgNPs, and PEG-AgNPs treated group demonstrated dose-dependently reduction of IL-6 and TNF-α. CSE at 400 mg/kg, AgNPs at 0.4 mg/kg, and PEG-AgNPs at 0.4 mg/kg exhibited the most significant inhibitory effects, with PEG-AgNPs demonstrating superior efficacy by reducing IL-6 to 64 pg/mL and TNF-α to 72 pg/mL. <em>In silico</em> analysis revealed strong binding interactions of CSE phytoconstituents with COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX, with the best docking score of -10.36, supporting their anti-inflammatory potential. The predicted ADME-toxicity analysis indicated high absorption, favorable pharmacokinetics, limited CNS penetration, and no hepatotoxicity or mutagenicity despite selective CYP inhibition.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>PEGylated silver nanoparticles of <em>Clerodendrum serratum</em> extract demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant activities compared to CSE and AgNPs, and the integration of <em>in vivo</em>, and <em>in silico</em> findings provides robust evidence suggesting PEG-AgNPs as a promising nanotherapeutic strategy for managing inflammation and related disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100778"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147419811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease by traditional Chinese medicine","authors":"Enjie Chen,&nbsp;Tong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100775","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100775","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), represents a growing global health challenge. This is particularly evident in China, where incidence rates have risen rapidly. Grounded in holistic principles, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) approaches IBD through syndrome differentiation, aiming to address its pathogenesis via multi-target mechanisms. This review integrates contemporary research with classical TCM theory to evaluate the potential of TCM in improving clinical outcomes for IBD. By synthesizing mechanistic insights, analyzing currently listed drugs, and outlining future development directions, it aims to provide a scientific foundation for key research priorities in this field.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A literature search was conducted for articles published up to March 20, 2025, across multiple databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus. Search terms incorporated keywords related to traditional medicine ('traditional Chinese medicine', 'traditional herbal medicine', 'natural products') and the disease ('inflammatory bowel disease', 'ulcerative colitis', 'Crohn's disease', 'UC', 'CD'). The focus was on identifying research detailing the progress in TCM application for the prevention and treatment of IBD within a modern medical context.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>TCM demonstrates positive outcomes in the treatment of IBD. Its key pharmacological actions include anti-inflammatory effects, modulation of the gut microbiota, reinforcement of the intestinal barrier, immune regulation, antioxidant activity, and inhibition of ferroptosis. The analysis also highlights persistent challenges, such as standardizing syndrome differentiation and translating promising preclinical findings into personalized therapies.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>TCM has been widely studied and applied for IBD. However, a deeper elucidation of its mechanisms and the clinical relevance of existing animal models require further investigation. The primary task for future research is to address translational gaps. This necessitates conducting large, rigorously designed, patient-centered randomized controlled trials that utilize objective biological markers and clinical endpoints for the most promising candidate components. Furthermore, exploring individualized TCM formulas represents a crucial direction for optimizing IBD management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of emodin on renal injury","authors":"Palash Mitra ,&nbsp;Sahadeb Jana ,&nbsp;Barnali Singha Modak ,&nbsp;Suchismita Roy","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100757","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100757","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Introduction&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is defined as an abrupt decrease in kidney function, which encompasses both injury and impairment and without treatment ultimately leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a major public health concern linked to high mortality and morbidity. The biological significance of polyphenols, which are abundant in plant based foods and consist of thousands of plant compounds with a common structural component, has drawn a lot of interest. Traditional Chinese herbal medicinal plant has been shown to have a considerable impact on the prevention and treatment of renal fibrosis and inflammation, according to pharmacological and pharmacokinetic data backed by evidence. Emodin (dà huáng sù), an anthraquinone component found in traditional Chinese herb such as rhubarb (dà huáng) that has variety of pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and immunosuppressive properties. This review discusses recent studies on the significant roles of emodin in activating multiples signaling pathway for treating kidney injury and its complications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Using predefined keywords linked to \"emodin,\" \"acute kidney injury,\" \"diabetic nephropathy,\" \"chronic kidney diseases,\" \"multi-target therapy,\" and \"signalling pathways,\" a comprehensive literature search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar. To assess pharmacological pathways and therapeutic effects, eligible studies were screened and synthesised in accordance with PRISMA criteria.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Modern pharmacological studies demonstrate that emodin exhibits significant AKI and CKD benefits through multiple mechanisms of action. Numerous studies have demonstrated that emodin downregulated oxidative stress and inflammation as reported from different &lt;em&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;in vivo&lt;/em&gt; studies. The modern pharmacological research findings that traditional applications, highlighting emodin as a key active component responsible for the observed therapeutic effects of kidney injury.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Discussion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;Emodin's diverse pharmacological properties have made it a promising treatment for chronic kidney damage. Emodin can greatly lessen kidney damage and inflammation while strengthening the antioxidant defence system. Emodin attenuating the mir-490/P53/AMPK/mTOR/CAMKII/DRP1/PGC-1α/Nrf2/EZH2/H3k27me3 signalling pathway and suppresses inflammatory responses in renal cells. Strong antioxidative properties of the emodin prevent oxidative stress, which is a major contributor to both AKI and the advancement of CKD.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div&gt;This review work enrich our knowledge on emodin's therapeutic effects on AKI and CKD and offer important insights into its clinical use in traditional medicine. However, there are very minimal clinical trials or practical applications, and the majority of current research is based on animal models or cell investigations. ","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}