Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The multifaceted therapeutic potential of Huangbai liniment: Modulation of IL, TGF-β and Nrf2 pathways in inflammation downregulation and diabetic wound healing","authors":"Abhishek Singh ,&nbsp;Seema Yadav ,&nbsp;Amita Verma ,&nbsp;Jagat Pal Yadav ,&nbsp;Narahari N. Palei","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Huangbai liniment, derived from <em>Phellodendron amurense</em>, is widely recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties, such as reducing inflammation, combating oxidative stress, and promoting wound healing. This review consolidates scientific findings from authoritative databases, including PubMed, Springer Link, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, the Chinese Electronic Periodical Services Database of Taiwan, Europe PMC, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The therapeutic potential of Huangbai liniment was explored, particularly its role in modulating key cellular pathways, including IL, Nrf2, and TGF-β, which contribute to inflammation regulation and diabetic wound healing. The bioactive constituents of <em>Phellodendron amurense</em>, including alkaloids such as berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine, exhibit significant antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory activities. Additionally, other active compounds, including lignans, phenolics, and limonoids, contribute to its broad-spectrum efficacy against conditions such as cancer, bacterial and viral infections, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. This review also highlights the available clinical trials. Given the increasing global interest in herbal medicine, particularly in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), further research is necessary to validate its therapeutic potential and facilitate its integration into modern pharmaceutical applications. This review underscores the significance of Huangbai liniment as a promising candidate for drug development, bridging traditional applications with scientific validation for future therapeutic innovations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100731"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fermented Coix seed hydrolysate upregulates skin barrier genes and promotes wound healing","authors":"Nur Miftahurrohmah ,&nbsp;Catur Riani ,&nbsp;Ratna Annisa Utami ,&nbsp;Tri Suciati","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Coix seed (CS), also known as <em>yì yǐ rén</em> or Chinese pearl barley, has been prescribed in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for centuries to clear heat, drain dampness, and alleviate inflammatory conditions. It is a key component of classical preparations such as <em>Qing Xin Pei Tu</em> granules and <em>Qin-Zhu-Liang-Xue</em> decoction, traditionally used for atopic eczema and other skin barrier-related disorders. CS has also been applied in topical formulations for acne and chronic ulcers. In modern practice, hydrolyzed and fermented CS products are increasingly utilized for their potential to enhance skin health. However, the mechanisms by which they influence skin barrier function and dermal wound healing remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hydrolyzed CS and its fermented derivatives on skin barrier gene expression and dermal wound healing, thereby providing scientific support for their cosmetic application.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>CS was hydrolyzed using mild acid, supplemented with yeast extract, and fermented with <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> TKK. The non-fermented CS hydrolysate (NF-AC10Y), fermented cell-free supernatant (FF-AC10Y), and fermented cell lysate supernatant (FL-AC10Y) were evaluated <em>in vitro</em> for their effects on skin barrier genes (<em>FLG</em>/pro-filaggrin, <em>IVL</em>/involucrin, and <em>LOR</em>/loricrin), dermal wound healing, and oxidative stress protection. Potential metabolites contributing to the bioactivities were also identified.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>FF-AC10Y exhibited the strongest activity. It upregulated <em>FLG, IVL,</em> and <em>LOR</em> mRNA levels in HaCaT keratinocytes by 2.29 ± 0.19-, 1.20 ± 0.08-, and 2.50 ± 0.04-fold, respectively, and achieved 88.1 ± 6.8 % wound closure in NIH/3T3 fibroblasts. It exhibited no cytotoxicity up to 5 mg/mL and protected both cell types against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. Metabolite analysis revealed lactic acid, saccharides, amino acids, fatty acid amides, and low-molecular-weight antioxidants as potential contributors to its bioactivities.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>FF-AC10Y demonstrates strong potential to reinforce the skin barrier by upregulating <em>FLG, IVL,</em> and <em>LOR</em> expression, supporting wound healing, and providing antioxidant protection. These findings scientifically validate the traditional use of CS in TCM for alleviating skin barrier disorders and clarify its mechanisms, bridging historical applications with modern cosmetic formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the anti-hyperuricemic potential of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf’s methanolic extract: A multi-approach phytospectral, in silico, in vivo, radiographic investigation in rats","authors":"Pradnya N. Jagtap ,&nbsp;Priyanka.S. Rajge ,&nbsp;Vipul V. Dhasade ,&nbsp;Akanksha J. Gavali ,&nbsp;Sanika S. Wandhekar ,&nbsp;Saurabh L. Kudale ,&nbsp;Prashant R. Gaikwad ,&nbsp;Prashant N. Amale","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hyperuricemia, characterized by elevated serum uric acid (UA), is a major risk factor for gout, renal injury, and osteoarthritic complications. Current urate-lowering agents can cause adverse effects. <em>Aquilaria malaccensis</em> (沉香, Chénxiāng, AM), traditionally used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) to regulate Qi, relieve pain, and support renal function, contains flavonoid-rich constituents that may offer metabolic and anti-inflammatory benefits. This study investigates the anti-hyperuricemic potential of <em>A. malaccensis</em> methanolic extract (AMME) through phytochemical, in vitro, in vivo, and <em>in silico</em> approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Methanolic leaf extract of authenticated AM was subjected to phytochemical screening, TLC, UV–Vis, and FT-IR characterization. Molecular docking was performed with xanthine oxidase (XO, PDB: 1FIQ). Hyperuricemia was induced in rats using potassium oxonate and hypoxanthine, followed by treatment with AMME. Serum uric acid (UA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were quantified, while renal histopathological analysis, knee joint radiography, and an in vitro membrane-stabilization assay were performed to evaluate protective and anti-inflammatory effects.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Flavonoids such as acacetin, luteolin derivatives, and 5‑hydroxy‑7,4′-dimethoxyflavone were identified (TLC Rf = 0.84; UV–Vis λ_max = 210, 258 nm). Docking showed favourable interactions of these compounds with XO. AMME exhibited notable membrane stabilization (85.8% inhibition at 800 µg/mL; IC₅₀ = 143.56 µg/mL). In vivo, AMME (500–1000 mg/kg) significantly reduced serum UA and CRP levels and ameliorated renal and articular alterations.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Flavonoid-rich AMME exhibited anti-hyperuricemic, anti-inflammatory, and renoprotective activities, supporting the traditional use of AM. Further studies on active-compound isolation, mechanistic validation, and pharmacokinetics are warranted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100759"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Lǜchá (绿茶) on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses: A systematic review of human and animal studies across exercise and non-exercise models","authors":"Novadri Ayubi ,&nbsp;Atika Syafawi ,&nbsp;Riska Astin Fitria ,&nbsp;Anton Komaini ,&nbsp;Nining Widyah Kusnanik ,&nbsp;Deby Tri Mario ,&nbsp;Ilham Ilham ,&nbsp;Junian Cahyanto Wibawa ,&nbsp;Ainun Zulfikar Rizki ,&nbsp;Alvin Afandi ,&nbsp;Aulia Putri Srie Wardani ,&nbsp;Dio Alif Airlangga Daulay ,&nbsp;Muhammad Firman Halip ,&nbsp;Muhamad Ichsan Sabillah","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>While studies suggest that exercise is beneficial for health, they also indicate that it can trigger an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to muscle soreness and tissue damage. This study aims to comprehensively examine the effects of Lǜchá in alleviating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses across various experimental contexts, including exercise-induced stress, metabolic disorders, and chemically or disease-induced inflammatory models.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic review method was applied to identify experimental and clinical studies investigating the effects of Lǜchá on exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation. To do so, the study conducted an extensive search across journal databases, such as PubMed and ScienceDirect, for studies published between 2019 and 2025. Both human and animal studies, with exercise and non-exercise models, were included. Due to heterogeneity in study design and outcome measures, findings were synthesized narratively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Findings from both human and animal studies consistently demonstrate that the polyphenols contained in Lǜchá extract exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These effects may contribute to mitigating oxidative damage and improving post-exercise recovery.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>The polyphenol content in Lǜchá, especially EGCG, acts as a direct antioxidant and induces endogenous antioxidant enzymes that can reduce ROS. Reviewed studies administering Lǜchá extract have reported an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzymes, such as CAT, GPx, GSH, and SOD. Additionally, the extract significantly reduces MDA levels, indicating that the damage is caused by ROS. Furthermore, in vivo studies have shown that Lǜchá has potential as an anti-inflammatory agent through modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and suppression of various inflammatory markers, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100789"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical profiling of Ocimum sanctum L. varieties and prediction of rosmarinic acid as a chemical marker for dermatological applications via in silico approaches","authors":"Naruwat Pakdee ,&nbsp;Panicha Pongnaratorn ,&nbsp;Chinnaphat Chaloemram ,&nbsp;Ronnachai Poowanna","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100786","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100786","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Ocimum sanctum</em> L. (Sheng Luo Le) is utilized in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for clearing heat and treating skin infections. However, the chemical heterogeneity between the white and red varieties complicates quality standardization and the prediction of therapeutic efficacy.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Ethanolic extracts of the white and red varieties were analyzed using HPLC. Antibacterial activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> was assessed (MIC/MBC), along with antioxidant (DPPH/ABTS) and enzyme inhibition activity (α-glucosidase/α-amylase). Molecular docking explored the binding affinity of chemical markers to relevant proteins.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HPLC profiling distinguished the red variety as a caffeic acid-rich chemotype, while the white variety was rich in rosmarinic acid (51.47 mg/100 g DW). The white leaf extract exhibited distinct antibacterial activity against <em>S. aureus</em> (MIC 125 mg/mL, MBC 250 mg/mL), moderate free radical scavenging activity (DPPH IC₅₀ 172.76 µg/mL), and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase. In contrast, the red variety showed no antibacterial activity despite its high caffeic acid content. Molecular docking analysis indicated that rosmarinic acid displayed a stronger binding affinity than caffeic acid toward sortase A (-7.4 kcal/mol) and other relevant targets, suggesting a potential multi-target mode of action.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The white <em>O. sanctum</em> variety exhibits a chemical profile and biological activity more suitable for dermatological applications than the red variety. The integration of phytochemical, biological, and in silico analyses supports rosmarinic acid as a scientifically justified Quality Marker for the standardization of <em>O. sanctum</em> extracts intended for topical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100786"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147421375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The hepatoprotective activity and chemical constituents of Helicteres hirsuta water extract","authors":"Thi Hong Tuoi Do ,&nbsp;Van Ho Nam Phan ,&nbsp;Thi Kim Anh Le ,&nbsp;Phuong Ngoc Anh Le ,&nbsp;Le Dan Thao Ha ,&nbsp;Phan Thao Trang Nguyen ,&nbsp;Truong Hoan Trong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Thi Thu Hien Vo ,&nbsp;Huong-Giang Le ,&nbsp;Thi Van Anh Tran","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Many species belonging to the genus <em>Helicteres</em> are used in the traditional medicine of Asian countries. <em>Helicteres hirsuta</em> (雁婆麻) is widely distributed and cultivated in China but not used for medicinal purposes. However, the decoction of <em>H. hirsuta</em> has long been employed in Vietnamese folk medicine for managing hepatic disorders. The systematic pharmacological validation and phytochemical characterization of this plant remain inadequate. This study sought to elucidate the chemical constituents of the <em>H. hirsuta</em> water extract (HWE) and to assess its hepatoprotective efficacy through <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models. The findings are expected to not only provide scientific evidence for its traditional use in Vietnam but also highlight the potential of <em>H. hirsuta</em> as a new, untapped therapeutic resource for Traditional Chinese Medicine.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>HWE was fractionated by column chromatography, and isolated constituents were identified using spectroscopic techniques. Hepatoprotective activity was examined against paracetamol-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells, while antioxidant capacity with DPPH radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation assays were assessed. Main bioactive constituents identified by UPLC–MS were quantified in HWE which was further investigated <em>in vivo</em>. Hepatoprotective effects of HWE (412.5 and 825 mg/kg) were evaluated in mice with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity (400 mg/kg). Serum biomarkers (ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin), oxidative stress parameters (GSH, MDA), and histopathology were analyzed, using silymarin (100 mg/kg) as positive control.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HWE exhibited pronounced hepatoprotective activity <em>in vitro</em> (EC₅₀ = 20.12 ± 0.15 µg/mL) with strong antioxidant potential (DPPH, IC₅₀ = 33.91 ± 0.48 µg/mL; MDA, IC₅₀ = 165.07 ± 8.60 µg/mL). Nine compounds were identified, including danshensu (&gt;2 % w/w) as predominant constituent, rosmarinic acid, tiliroside, isoacteoside, forsythoside B, and four flavonoid glucuronides. <em>In vivo</em>, HWE significantly ameliorated biochemical and oxidative stress markers, with greater efficacy at 825 mg/kg.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>HWE, particularly at 825 mg/kg, demonstrated significant hepatoprotective activity, attributable to polyphenolic constituents, notably danshensu. These findings scientifically substantiate traditional use and provide a foundation for therapeutic development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145884630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction in treating ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases","authors":"Jiaming Gao ,&nbsp;Jianhua Fu ,&nbsp;Zhuye Gao ,&nbsp;Dazhuo Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD), a classic TCM formula for Qi deficiency and blood stasis, improves the clinical prognosis of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. This review synthesizes evidence on its pharmacological mechanisms, aiming to elucidate the scientific basis of \"treating different diseases with the same method\" and support its precision application.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Springer Link, Wan-fang database, and Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM). The search was conducted to collect relevant journals and contents from inception to December 2025 using following terms: \"Buyang Huanwu Decoction\", \"ischemic heart disease\", \"ischemic stroke\". Language of publications was unlimited. After excluding 404 meta-analyses and 117 systematic reviews, a total of 83 research articles were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Bioactive compounds in BYHWD (e.g., astragaloside, paeoniflorin, amygdalin) demonstrate multi-target efficacy against ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The therapeutic effects are mediated through coordinated modulation of common pathways, including promoting angiogenesis, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and regulating gut microbiota.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Targeting common pathological links of ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases is the key for BYHWD to achieve \"treating different diseases with the same method.\" Despite extensive research advances, high-quality clinical studies are still needed to advance BYHWD’s precision research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100781"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147420156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation in prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy","authors":"Zidong Zhang ,&nbsp;Haodong Bai ,&nbsp;Jiao Zhou ,&nbsp;Desen Ke ,&nbsp;Qiuhong Wang ,&nbsp;Haixue Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100756","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2026.100756","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome caused by liver dysfunction and metabolic disturbances, presenting with consciousness disorders, behavioral abnormalities, and coma. Despite advances in modern medicine, effective prevention and management remain challenging. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown promise in HE treatment through individualized syndrome differentiation and holistic therapeutic strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A comprehensive literature search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Google Scholar for studies published from 2005 to 2025. Search terms included combinations of <em>“hepatic encephalopathy,” “traditional Chinese medicine,” “syndrome differentiation,”</em> and <em>“mechanism of action.”</em> After removing duplicates and screening titles, abstracts, and full texts, studies reporting TCM interventions, syndrome differentiation, or mechanisms of HE treatment were included.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Analysis revealed that TCM syndrome differentiation for HE predominantly involves phlegm-dampness, fire-toxin, liver-kidney deficiency, and qi-yin deficiency. Core therapeutic strategies include TCM compound decoctions, Chinese herbal enemas, and acupuncture. These interventions demonstrate efficacy in improving neurological symptoms, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, and modulating gut microbiota.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>TCM offers a holistic, multi-target, and multi-pathway approach for HE management. Syndrome differentiation provides a theoretical basis for personalized therapy, while recent mechanistic studies suggest TCM’s role in modulating the gut–liver–brain axis and neuroinflammation. Standardizing syndrome classifications and integrating multi-omics approaches may further enhance the precision and modernization of TCM-based HE therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100756"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of topically applied Hesperidin on Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis in a mouse model","authors":"Doaa Muwafaq Nassrullah,&nbsp;Huda I. Al Qadhi","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Psoriasis is a long-lasting, inflammatory autoimmune condition that primarily affects the skin and those with a significant genetic susceptibility. Hesperidin is a polyphenolic bioflavonoid belonging to the flavanone glycoside class that exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. Hesperidin is found in many herbs used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), especially Zhiqiao (<strong>枳壳</strong>, Zhỹ Qiào; dried Citrus aurantium peel) and Chenpi (<strong>陳皮</strong>, Chén Pí; dried Citrus reticulata peel).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 48 albino mice were divided into 6 groups, each of 8 mice. The effects of clinical observation, histopathological examination, and biomarker analysis were evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Hesperidin and its combination with clobetasol significantly reduced imiquimod-induced elevations in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and Baker’s scores (P&lt;0.001), also significantly diminished inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17A (IL-17A) as well as oxidative markers malondialdehyde (MDA) (P&lt;0.001), while increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (P&lt;0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Topical administration of hesperidin may be a promising agent for psoriasis treatment alone or in combination with clobetasol. This is due to the significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects<strong>.</strong> The study's findings align with the traditional use of hesperidin-rich TCM herbs, including Zhiqiao and Chenpi.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100745"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aganope thyrsiflora (Benth.) Polhill: Acute, sub-acute, and in silico toxicological evaluation of an underexplored ethnomedicinal plant","authors":"Lalnun Hruaitluangi ,&nbsp;Lalduhawma Chhakchhuak ,&nbsp;Anima Debbarma ,&nbsp;C. Malsawmtluangi ,&nbsp;Hauzel Lalhlenmawia ,&nbsp;Ajmal Koya Pulikkal ,&nbsp;Lalzikpuii Sailo","doi":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prmcm.2025.100735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Ethnopharmacological relevance</h3><div><em>Aganope thyrsiflora</em> (Benth.) Polhill, is a lesser-known ethnomedicinal plant traditionally used to treat gastrointestinal ailments. Despite its use in folk medicine, its pharmacological efficacy and safety profile remain largely unexamined.</div></div><div><h3>Aim of the study</h3><div>To evaluate the systemic effects and potential toxicological risks of the methanolic extract of <em>A. thyrsiflora</em> through combined experimental and computational approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div><em>In vivo</em> acute and sub-acute toxicity were assessed via biochemical analysis, liver histopathology, and serum electrolyte analysis. LC-MS identified major phytoconstituents, which were further evaluated using <em>in silico</em> toxicity prediction tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Extract treatment increased serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), while reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Liver function markers remained within physiological ranges, though serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) increased at higher doses. Histopathology confirmed preserved hepatic structure without pathological changes. A remarkable hypoglycemic effect were observed. LC-MS identified fifteen major compounds, several of which were flagged with organ-specific toxicity alerts <em>in silico</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The methanolic extract of <em>A. thyrsiflora</em> shows hypoglycemic potential and general hepatic safety at tested doses. However, its metabolic effects and predicted compound-specific toxicities highlight the need for further investigation. This study provides the first toxicological basis for future pharmacological validation of this underexplored ethnomedicinal species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":101013,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145799891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}