Médecine & Longévité最新文献

{"title":"Introduction au numéro spécial consacré à la cytogérontologie et son rapport à la gériatrie","authors":"L. Robert","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.07.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 112-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.07.006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88053522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An organismal view of cellular aging","authors":"B.A. Carnes ,&nbsp;D.O. Staats ,&nbsp;M.B. Vaughan ,&nbsp;T.M. Witten","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper reviews the general biological phenomenon of aging as it applies to cells. Philosophical concepts of aging arising from radiation and evolutionary biology are used as a historical context for our understanding of how cells age. The development of multicellularity, and with it, an extracellular matrix is discussed in order to reveal that the biological consequences of aging extend beyond the borders of a cell. The argument is made that an integration of knowledge across levels of biological organization and a unification of theories on aging is needed in order to progress toward a greater understanding of organismal and cellular aging. It is further suggested that complexity theory and a systems level approach provides the means by which that integration can be achieved. The consequences of aging have been observed at virtually every level of biological organization, from molecules to populations. Although explanations of aging are dominated by a few theories (e.g., Kirkwood's (1977) disposable soma theory <span>[1]</span> and Harman's (1956) free radical hypothesis <span>[2]</span>), countless others have been proffered as well (see Rattan (2006) <span>[3]</span> and Weinert and Timiras (2003) <span>[4]</span> for reviews). This proliferation reflects not only the intricacies of aging but also the need for a theory that integrates information across multiple interacting levels of biological organization. Contrary to reductionist expectation, the number of theories increases rather than decreases at progressively lower levels of biological organization. Nowhere is this more evident than at the cellular level. Thus, it is fitting to devote a special issue to the challenges inherent in understanding the dynamics of cellular aging. There are, however, several obstacles that complicate a discussion of cellular aging. Foremost among them is the term “aging” (or “senescence”) itself. What does it mean? How do you distinguish aging from non-aging? When did it arise? Is it universal, or can some organisms escape it? Is it reversible? Is it a monolithic process or a mixture of processes? What is the fundamental unit of aging: a molecule, a cell, a tissue, an organ, the organism, or all of these? Does multicellularity affect the complexity of aging? Did aging evolve? In other words, does it have a genetic basis? Is there a difference between replicative senescence, organismal senescence, and phenotypic plasticity? These are some of the questions that we hope to address in this article.</p></div><div><p>Les auteurs de cet article proposent une analyse conceptuelle du rôle de la sénescence cellulaire dans le vieillissement de l’organisme et dans les maladies qui l’accompagnent. Ils confrontent certaines des nombreuses théories proposées pour « expliquer » le vieillissement avec les notions essentielles résultant du modèle cellulaire du vieillissement in vitro et de son exploitation expérimentale. Ils commencent par s’interroger sur le sens ","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.06.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92492621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revue de la littérature sur « longévité et espérance de vie »","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 3","pages":"Pages 162-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.06.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136603689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La personnalité et la dynamique familiale comme prédicteurs de la santé ?","authors":"D. Tordeurs,&nbsp;N. Zdanowicz,&nbsp;B. Lepiece,&nbsp;P. Janne,&nbsp;C. Reynaert","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectif</h3><p>Cette étude vise à déterminer, à six mois, des prédicteurs de la santé physique et mentale à partir de caractéristiques de personnalité et de la dynamique familiale.</p></div><div><h3>Méthodes</h3><p>Vingt sujets dits « sains » ont complété différents questionnaires (MINI, FACES III Olson, Néo-FFI, SF-12 et HAD).</p></div><div><h3>Résultats</h3><p>Après six mois, la cohésion et l’adaptabilité de la famille nucléaire sont de bons prédicteurs influençant positivement la santé ; en revanche, le « névrotisme » et l’adaptabilité de la famille d’origine jouent en défaveur de la santé.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Nos données démontrent que, en plus de certaines caractéristiques de personnalité, grandir au sein d’une famille où les échanges affectifs sont fréquents permet de maintenir une bonne santé physique et mentale.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aims to determine, within six months, predictors of physical and mental health from personality characteristics and family relationships.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Twenty subjects called “healthy” have completed psychological questionnaires (MINI, FACES III Olson, Neo-FFI, SF-12 and HAD).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>After six months, cohesion and adaptability of the nuclear family are good predictors influencing the health in a positive way; the “neuroticism” and the adaptability of the original family works against the health.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our data demonstrate that, in addition to certain personality characteristics, to grow up in a family where emotional relationships are frequent allows to remain physically and mentally fit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 68-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77067801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nouvelles imageries en neurologie et applications cliniques","authors":"D. Buthiau ,&nbsp;C. de Jaeger","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les techniques d’imagerie en neurologie connaissent un progrès récent considérable. Nous présentons dans cet article les principales techniques, leur évolution et leurs applications cliniques : le scanner hélicoïdal pour les mesures de volume (critères Recist) et l’étude de la microvascularisation ; l’IRM de diffusion et l’angio-IRM pour l’étude cellulaire et vasculaire ; la spectroscopie pour la composition moléculaire ; le Pet-scanner pour le métabolisme cellulaire. L’imagerie actuelle anatomique et fonctionnelle améliore le diagnostic précoce et spécifique, aide à anticiper l’avènement des maladies neurodégénératives, à cibler les traitements pour les optimiser et à les personnaliser et à mieux comprendre la physiopathologie des maladies neurologiques. Les techniques présentées sont pour certaines d’entre elles encore en cours d’évaluation et constituent des voies de recherche. Leur étude est multicentrique. Le domaine de la neuro-imagerie en est le plus prometteur.</p></div><div><p>New-Imaging technics in Neurology is actually in a constant and important progress. We present in this article the new essential techniques, their evolution and clinical applications: helical CT for volume measurement (Recist criteria) and microvascularisation study; diffusion MRI and Angio-MR for cellular and vascular study; spectroscopy for molecular composition; Tep-Scanner for cellular metabolism. This actual anatomical and functional Imaging increases the specific and precocious diagnosis, helps to anticipate the appearance of neuro-degenerative disease, targets the treatments for their optimization and personalisation for each patient and helps also to better understanding neurological diseases physiopathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 87-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91509198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Des « normes » en médecine et en physiologie","authors":"C. de Jaeger","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 55-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75987213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effets sur les fonctions cognitives et mnésiques de sujets sains d’un hydrolysat de protéines de poisson (FPHD800) : étude comparative avec le ginkgo biloba (EGB 761®)","authors":"M. Le Poncin-Séac’h ,&nbsp;C. Le Poncin-Lafitte","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Une étude comparative a été conduite en ouvert à partir d’une population de 150 personnes, hommes et femmes, d’âge compris entre 45 et 65 ans, consultant le centre CRMLP pour une plainte mnésique. Après évaluation des déficits en rapport avec la plainte mnésique, à l’aide de l’échelle de Mac Nair, du MMSE de Folstein, de Gym-Cerveau^® de Le Poncin, du digit Span test de Wechsler et du test des 15 mots de Rey, trois groupes randomisés tous les dix sujets de 50 personnes chacun, ont été répartis à <em>t</em> 0 pour constituer un groupe témoin (sans traitement), un groupe traité par EGb 761^® (Ginkgo Biloba ; trois gélules par jour) et un groupe traité par hydrolysat de protéines de poisson enrichi en DHA (FPHD800 ; six gélules par jour). Les critères d’évaluation des performances mnésiques sont la plainte mnésique, la fatigabilité mémorielle, la mémorisation en visuel et en auditif, en immédiat et en apprentissage. Les évaluations de ces critères effectuées à l’entrée des patients dans l’étude sont renouvelées en versions équivalentes à 30 et 60 jours pour les trois groupes. L’analyse statistique des résultats (<em>t</em> de Student en séries appariées et non appariées et analyse Anova factorielle) a mis en évidence que la consommation de 1200<!--> <!-->mg/j de FPHD800 contenant 600<!--> <!-->mg d’hydrolysat de protéines de poisson, 260<!--> <!-->mg d’acide docosahexaénoïque (DHA) et 1,5<!--> <!-->mg de vitamine E, permettait d’améliorer de façon significative après un mois de traitement et hautement significative après deux mois de traitement les fonctions cognitives et mnésiques par rapport au groupe témoin, mais également par rapport au groupe traité par EGb 761^®.</p></div><div><p>A comparative study was an open study conducted on a population of 150 people, men and women between 45 and 65 years of age, who consulted the center because of a memory complaint. Involved three subject groups: a control group, a group receiving EGb 761^® (Ginkgo biloba) and a group receiving fish protein hydrolysate enriched in DHA (FPHD800). After assessment of deficits related to the memory complaint using the Mac Nair scale, Le Poncin Gym-Cerveau^®, Weschler digit SPAN test and Rey 15 words test, three randomized groups every 10 subjects of 50 subjects each were formed on <em>t</em> 0 to constitute one control group (without treatment), one group treated with EGb 761^® (Ginkgo biloba) at three capsules per day and one group treated with FPHD800 at six capsules per day. The following evaluation criteria for memory performances used in this study were memory complaint, memory fatigability and visual and auditory memorization, immediate and in a learning situation. These evaluations were carried out at the start of the study and were repeated in equivalent relations after 30 and 60 days in the three groups. The statistical analysis of the results (Student's <em>t</em>-test for paired and non-paired ","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 57-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.04.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86291126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rôle de l’homocystéine en pathologie","authors":"C. de jaeger ,&nbsp;N. Fraoucene ,&nbsp;E. Voronska ,&nbsp;P. Cherin","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L’homocystéine est un acide aminé intermédiaire dans le métabolisme de la méthionine. Sa teneur dans le plasma dépend de nombreux facteurs, parmi lesquels le statut en folates et vitamines B₁₂ et B₆ et le polymorphisme génétique de la méthylène tétrahydrofolate réductase jouent un rôle crucial. Depuis plus de 30 ans, l’homocystéine est considérée comme une cause d’athérosclérose. Il est désormais démontré qu’il existe une relation indiscutable entre hyperhomocystéinémie et infarctus du myocarde, accident vasculaire cérébral, démence ou maladie thromboembolique veineuse. Sa causalité directe reste cependant controversée. En effet, si la supplémentation vitaminique a largement prouvé son efficacité sur la réduction des taux plasmatiques d’homocystéine, la majorité des études réalisées n’ont pas mis en évidence d’effet positif de cette supplémentation en termes de réduction du risque cardiovasculaire. Plusieurs hypothèse pour expliquer cette absence d’efficacité ont été avancées : études de puissance et/ou de durée insuffisantes pour mettre en évidence un effet clinique de la supplémentation vitaminique, ou autres voies métaboliques reliant le niveau d’homocystéinémie et l’athérosclérose. L’homocystéine a également été impliquée dans diverses autres pathologies : dégénérescence maculaire, ostéoporose, certains troubles cognitifs, dépression, schizophrénie, défauts de fermeture du tube neural, maladies inflammatoires chroniques du tube digestif et cancer colorectal.</p></div><div><p>Homocysteine is an intermediate byproduct derived from the metabolism of an essential amino acid called methionine. For the past 30 years, homocysteine has been considered a potential cause of atherosclerosis. Mild hyperhomocysteinemia, which is sometimes associated with a low plasma level of vitamin B₆, B₁₂ and folic acid, is now a proven cardiovascular risk factor. Its level is closely related to experimental and clinical events as diverse as acute myocardial infarction, stroke, dementia, and venous thrombo-embolic disease. Its direct incrimination in causing these events remains uncertain and controversial. Indeed, even if vitamin supplementation has clearly proven its efficiency on lowering plasma levels of homocysteine, recent studies do not show any positive effect of vitamin therapy on cardiovascular events. Some hypotheses have been evocated to explain this lack of efficacy. A potential role of hyperhomocysteinemia has been proposed in some diseases: age-related macular degeneration, cognitive abnormalities, osteoporosis, neural tube defects, depression, schizophrenia, inflammatory bowel disease and colon tumors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77696512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revue de la litterature sur « longevite et esperance de vie »","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 2","pages":"Pages 105-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.03.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137342825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Premier Congrès européen sur les pathologies environnementales","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.mlong.2010.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100903,"journal":{"name":"Médecine & Longévité","volume":"2 1","pages":"Pages 46-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.mlong.2010.01.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92145129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}