La Presse Médicale Formation最新文献

{"title":"Imagerie dans l’artérite temporale","authors":"Guillaume Vial , Marwan El Kadri , Vincent Fleury","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 245-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catastrophe, situation sanitaire exceptionnelle (SSE), médecine de catastrophe : de quoi parle-t-on ?","authors":"Nicolas Decrouy ,&nbsp;Justin Outrey ,&nbsp;Xavier Coulpied ,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Carpentier","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.04.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.04.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Une catastrophe est un événement destructeur constituant une atteinte grave pour la population et l’environnement, entraînant une disproportion entre les besoins et les moyens.</p><p>C’est le nombre de victimes potentielles (évaluation initiale) et le nombre de victimes vivantes à la prise en charge, qui vont dimensionner les moyens à engager.</p><p>Le concept de la médecine de catastrophe, destiné à sauver le maximum de vies, est basé sur celui de la médecine de guerre : évaluer, trier, mettre en condition et évacuer.</p><p>La chaîne des secours mise en place est une chaîne d’évacuation. Les soins se limitent à une mise en condition permettant aux victimes de poursuivre dans les meilleures conditions possible les étapes de leur transfert vers les structures hospitalières ou établissements de santé les mieux adaptés.</p><p>Le plan Organisation de la réponse de sécurité civile Nombreuses victimes (ORSEC NoVi) prévoit les procédures de secours d’urgence, les moyens en personnels et en matériels en vue de remédier aux conséquences d’un accident catastrophique à effets limités (ACEL) entraînant ou pouvant entraîner de nombreuses victimes.</p><p>Pour se préparer à une situation de catastrophe, de nombreuses formations universitaires ou non sont proposées. La participation active à des exercices d’apprentissage est un passage obligé.</p></div><div><p>A disaster is a destructive event constituting serious harm to the population and the environment, leading to a disproportion between needs and means.</p><p>It is the number of potential victims (initial assessment) and the number of victims alive at the time of treatment, which will determine the resources to be used.</p><p>The concept of disaster medicine, intended to save as many lives as possible, is based on that of war medicine: assess, sort, condition and evacuate.</p><p>The emergency chain in place is an evacuation chain. The care is limited to conditioning allowing the victims to continue the stages of their transfer to the most suitable hospital structures or health establishments in the best possible conditions.</p><p>The ORSEC NoVi (Organization of the civil security response for numerous victims) plan provides for emergency relief procedures, personnel and material resources in order to remedy the consequences of a catastrophic accident with limited effects (ACEL) resulting or likely to result in numerous victims.</p><p>To prepare for a disaster situation, numerous academic and non-academic training courses are offered, active participation in learning exercises is a must.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 3","pages":"Pages 190-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CV1 / Sommaire","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-4798(24)00043-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-4798(24)00043-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 2","pages":"Page CO1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666479824000430/pdfft?md5=0692bed8ca1f0b13e236bc4867515159&pid=1-s2.0-S2666479824000430-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ours redaction","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-4798(24)00045-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-4798(24)00045-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 2","pages":"Page i"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666479824000454/pdfft?md5=f66baa0e604311ef21fb07bad983437c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666479824000454-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oméga-3 et risque cardiovasculaire","authors":"François Paillard","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Les acides gras oméga-3 influencent plusieurs aspects importants de la physiologie cardiovasculaire.</p><p>Les oméga-3 à longue chaîne (EPA et DHA) ont un effet hypotriglycéridémiant modéré.</p><p>EPA et DHA modulent la fréquence cardiaque.</p><p>L’EPA a un effet anti-inflammatoire au niveau artériel qui contribue à la stabilité d’éventuelles plaques athéromateuses.</p><p>Un essai clinique randomisé a montré une réduction significative des événements cardiovasculaires avec l’EPA 4<!--> <!-->g/j, chez des sujets à très haut risque cardiovasculaire, essentiellement en prévention secondaire, traités par statine, avec hypertriglycéridémie modérée.</p></div><div><p>Omega-3 fatty acids influence several important elements of cardiovascular physiology.</p><p>Long chain Omega-3 (EPA and DHA) have a moderate hypotriglyceridemic effect.</p><p>Long chain Omega-3 (EPA and DHA) modulate the heart rate.</p><p>EPA has an anti-inflammatory effect in arteries, which may contribute to atherosclerotic plaque stability.</p><p>A randomised clinical trial has reported a significant reduction in major cardiovascular events with EPA 4<!--> <!-->g/d in very high-risk subjects, mainly in secondary prevention, treated with statins and with a moderate hypertriglyceridemia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666479824000624/pdfft?md5=261cfec889d0f9db8a1d36439ae210f1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666479824000624-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccinations chez la femme enceinte : actualités","authors":"Marie Lachâtre ,&nbsp;Olivia Anselem ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Rouveix ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Bouvet ,&nbsp;Caroline Charlier","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>La femme enceinte, le nouveau-né, et le nourrisson présentent une sensibilité accrue à certaines infections qui sont à prévention vaccinale. En dehors des vaccins vivants atténués qui restent contre-indiqués, il est désormais bien démontré que les vaccins inertes peuvent être administrés pendant la grossesse. L’immunisation maternelle permet de protéger la mère (vaccinations contre la COVID-19 et contre la grippe saisonnière) et de protéger le nouveau-né et le nourrisson grâce au passage transplacentaire d’anticorps spécifiques, jusqu’à l’obtention d’une protection vaccinale individuelle (vaccinations contre la coqueluche et contre la grippe saisonnière). Les vaccins contre la coqueluche, la COVID-19, et la grippe saisonnière sont spécifiquement recommandés pendant la grossesse. L’amélioration des couvertures vaccinales chez les femmes enceintes représente un enjeu de santé publique. Un des éléments clés favorisant l’acceptabilité de ces vaccinations est la promotion de la vaccination par les personnels de santé prenant en charge les femmes enceintes.</p></div><div><p>Pregnant women, newborns, and infants have an increased sensitivity to certain infections that can be prevented by vaccines. Apart from live attenuated vaccines, which remain contraindicated, it is now well demonstrated that inert vaccines can be administered during pregnancy. Maternal immunization protects the mother (vaccinations against COVID-19 and against seasonal flu) and protects the newborn and infant, thanks to the transplacental passage of specific antibodies, until obtaining individual vaccination protection (vaccinations against whooping cough and seasonal flu). Vaccines against pertussis, COVID-19, and seasonal flu are specifically recommended during pregnancy. Improving vaccination coverage among pregnant women represents a public health issue. One of the key elements promoting the acceptability of these vaccinations is the promotion of vaccination by health personnel caring for pregnant women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 108-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’autisme au féminin : une énigme clinique","authors":"Emmanuelle Houy-Durand","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Différences entre hommes et femmes autistes :</p><p>– Moins de femmes diagnostiquées.</p><p>– Phénotype clinique moins identifiable avec les outils diagnostiques disponibles et recommandés.</p><p>– Diagnostic tardif.</p><p>– Meilleures compétences de communication sociale.</p><p>– Intérêts restreints moins atypiques : pour les animaux, les couleurs…</p><p>– Risque augmenté de harcèlement, stress post-traumatique, dépression.</p><p>– Réhabilitation psychosociale à adapter à des besoins spécifiques : emploi, isolement, parentalité.</p></div><div><p>Differences between female and male individuals with autism spectrum disorder:</p><p>– Fewer women diagnosed.</p><p>– Lack of sensitive diagnostic tools to detect milder clinical phenotype of female with autism.</p><p>– Late diagnosis.</p><p>– Better social communication skills.</p><p>– Less atypical restricted interests: animals, colors, etc.</p><p>– Increased risk of bullying, victimization, posttraumatic stress, depression.</p><p>– Need to adapt psycho-social rehabilitation care to specific needs: employment, isolation, parenthood.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 114-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les maladies cardiovasculaires de la femme enceinte","authors":"Valérie Olié ,&nbsp;Jacques Blacher","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 95-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Première crise épileptique chez l’enfant","authors":"Mathieu Milh","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 165-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666479824000594/pdfft?md5=2cc204926960dc5eda5c46be58f8528b&pid=1-s2.0-S2666479824000594-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140321060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utiliser des marqueurs anthropométriques et biologiques simples","authors":"Jean-Michel Lecerf","doi":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.01.015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lpmfor.2024.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Il est important pour le médecin de disposer de paramètres simples et pertinents pour dépister et suivre les patients à risque cardiovasculaire élevé. L’IMC n’est pas un bon marqueur de risque cardiovasculaire. D’autres paramètres anthropométriques sont donc disponibles, notamment en estimant le tissu adipeux ectopique périviscéral (tour de taille) et vasculaire (tour de cou). Le rapport tour de taille/tour de hanche accroît la sensibilité de ce marqueur car la graisse fémorale est associée à une diminution du risque cardiométabolique. Sur le plan biologique le cholestérol seul, en dehors des hypercholestérolémies familiales, est un mauvais marqueur individuel. Plusieurs autres paramètres biologiques permettent de repérer indirectement l’existence d’un profil lipidique athérogène (triglycérides/HDL, apoB/apoA1) ou d’une insulinorésistance (triglycérides<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->glucose) et donc du risque cardiovasculaire. À la lumière de la littérature, l’intérêt de ces marqueurs simples et peu, ou pas, coûteux est discuté.</p></div><div><p>It is quite important for the practitioner to use simple and relevant parameters in order to screen and follow high cardiovascular risk patients. The BMI is not a good marker for the cardiovascular risk. Other anthropometric parameters are available, particularly by estimating the visceral adipose tissue (waist circumference) and the vascular adipose tissue (neck circumference). The waist/hip ratio increases the sensitivity of this marker as femoral adipose tissue is linked to a decrease of the cardiometabolic risk. For a biological point of view, serum cholesterol, except in familial hypercholesterolemia, is a bad individual marker. Many other biological parameters may screen indirectly an atherogenic profile (triglycerides/HDLC, apoB/apoA1) or an insulinoresistance (triglycerides<!--> <!-->×<!--> <!-->glucose) and then the cardiometabolic risk. From the available data in the literature, the interest of these simple, and low-cost markers is discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100859,"journal":{"name":"La Presse Médicale Formation","volume":"5 2","pages":"Pages 156-160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139873774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}