Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced speed control of pipeline pigs with adjustable bypass using quantitative feedback theory and cascade PID algorithm","authors":"Xiaoxiao Zhu ,&nbsp;Haokun Wang ,&nbsp;Yichen Zhang ,&nbsp;Shimin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During pipeline pigging operations, precise control of the pig’s running speed is crucial. However, external speed disturbances often occur during these operations. In response to this challenge, adjustments are made to the flow rate through the pig body, thereby modifying the pressure difference and achieving a targeted speed range of 1 to 3 m/s. Since a pig with an adjustable bypass port operates in a dynamically changing state, conventional control algorithms face difficulties in providing effective control. Moreover, there is limited research on speed control algorithms for pigs with adjustable bypass ports. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a control system based on quantitative feedback theory (QFT), coupled with cascaded proportional-integral-derivative (PID) tuning, for the precise speed control of a bypass pig. The state equation is derived from the pig’s operational state, and the QFT toolbox is employed to design a pre-filter and controller. This integration of QFT with cascaded PID not only facilitates both speed control and disturbance rejection but also demonstrates significantly improved control stability under variable operational conditions. The model, implemented using the Simulink toolbox, shows that this approach can quickly stabilize the pig’s speed, effectively managing continuous variations and enhancing the efficiency and safety of pipeline pigging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of methane emissions from typical natural gas stations using on-site measurement technology","authors":"Wenlong Jia ,&nbsp;Pingyang Jia ,&nbsp;Li Gu ,&nbsp;Lei Ren ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;Honghuan Chen ,&nbsp;Xia Wu ,&nbsp;Wei Feng ,&nbsp;Jiujiang Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Natural gas transmission systems are the main source of methane emissions in the oil and gas industry. Methane, as the second most potent greenhouse gas, makes a strong contribution to climate change. The hydrogen flame ionization detector and Hi-Flow sampler (a large flow methane detector) technologies were used to measure fugitive methane emissions in five distinct categories of stations in natural gas transmission pipelines in China. The methane emission rate of different components was quantified, enabling a comparison of methane emission characteristics across different stations. The resulting data was used to deduce a correlation equation between the methane concentration and the emission rate of various components. The leakage probability of components in the surveyed stations ranged from 2.54% to 7.77%. Notably, the leakage probability of liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals was considerably higher than that of the other stations. A one-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in methane emission rates between components with different processes. The bootstrap method was used to calculate the mean methane emission rates and 95% confidence intervals for each component. The mean methane emission rates and 95% confidence intervals for valves, flanges, connectors and open-ended lines were 26.43 (15.86, 38.56), 35.84 (23.36, 50.19), 4.90 (3.43, 6.73), and 30.76 (18.62, 44.19) kg/a, respectively. In conclusion, the total fugitive methane emissions detected at the LNG terminal and underground gas storage were 5,202.1 and 1,891 kg/a, respectively. There were no significant differences in the emissions of the compressor, distribution, and meter stations on the natural gas transmission trunk pipe, with values between 1,000 and 1,200 kg/a. The bootstrap method, in conjunction with the Monte Carlo method, was used to estimate the fugitive methane emissions in the compressor area of another natural gas compressor station. The estimated result was 1,853.58 kg/a, while the measured value was 1,418.55 kg/a, therefore exhibiting a slight discrepancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143487226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study on the leakage identification for the buried gas pipeline via vibration signals","authors":"Xiugang Chen ,&nbsp;Cuiwei Liu ,&nbsp;Kang Xiao ,&nbsp;Wenjie Liu ,&nbsp;Tao Gu ,&nbsp;Yuxing Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is difficult to detect and locate small leakages, especially for buried pipelines. Therefore, a non-intrusive leakage identification method for buried gas pipelines is proposed in this study. Accelerometers were arranged in the soil at a certain distance from the leakage orifice to capture the acceleration signals caused by leakage. A 7-layer wavelet transform was applied to extract the leakage characteristic frequency band. Meanwhile, the attenuation characteristics of vibration signals were analyzed and the signal amplitude attenuation patterns in the axial, radial, and circumferential directions were analyzed. The results show that the leakage recognition rate is nearly 100% by selecting a peak signal-to-noise ratio (P-SNR) threshold of 7.26. Thus, the non-intrusive method based on accelerometers can be successfully applied for the leakage monitoring of buried gas pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 2","pages":"Article 100230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach integrating the method of characteristics with large time-step scheme (MOC-LTS) for efficient transient flow simulation in liquid pipelines","authors":"Shengyuan Wei,&nbsp;Shangfei Song,&nbsp;Bohui Shi,&nbsp;Jing Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water hammer incidents pose a significant risk to the safety and stability of pipeline operations. Therefore, rapid and precise transient flow simulation is essential for efficiently developing scientific water hammer control strategies. Nevertheless, the prevailing transient flow simulation methods for liquid pipelines predominantly employ explicit schemes to solve transient flow control equations, necessitating adherence to the stability criterion of Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) ≤ 1. This results in limited time step size, which in turn constrains computational efficiency, particularly when simulating hydraulic behavior in large-scale pipeline networks. In this paper, a novel approach integrating the method of characteristics (MOC) with a large time-step scheme (LTS) is proposed to enable rapid and accurate simulation of transient flow in liquid pipelines. The proposed approach discretizes the computational domain into contiguous control volumes, ategorizing them as either boundary or internal control volumes depending on whether they are affected by boundary conditions within a large time step. For internal control volumes, an LTS scheme based on the first-order Godunov format is employed to improve computational efficiency. For boundary control volumes, MOC is applied iteratively to accurately capture boundary dynamics until the simulated time matches that of the internal control volumes. Quantitative analysis is conducted to verify the performance of the proposed approach. The results confirm that the proposed approach outperforms the MOC in computational efficiency while maintaining minimal accuracy loss.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical properties of the liner for strengthening steel pipe under the action of normal fault","authors":"Kejie Zhai ,&nbsp;Deqiang Hu ,&nbsp;Kaidong Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Fang ,&nbsp;Niannian Wang ,&nbsp;Bin Li ,&nbsp;Xueming Du ,&nbsp;Yuquan Hu ,&nbsp;Xiangqian Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using liner pipe to rehabilitate pressure pipe can effectively improve the mechanical performance of the pipe. To explore the mechanical properties of the liner for repairing pressure pipes under the action of a normal fault, a refined three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model is established and assessed by experiments and FE results. Then, the stress distribution of the liner is analyzed, and the effects of fault slip distance, slip angle, pipe diameter, host thickness, internal pressure, liner elastic modulus, and friction factor on the liner stress and vertical displacement are studied. Finally, the bearing capacity of the pipeline against normal faults is analyzed. The study shows that the distribution morphology of the crown and shoulder is similar and opposite to the distribution morphology of the invert and haunch. The crown and invert stress of the pipe is the highest, while the stress on the springline is the lowest. When the host pipe thicknesses are 3.0 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, and 5.0 mm, the slip distance reaches 309 mm, 342 mm, 370 mm, and 449 mm, respectively, and the liner will damage at the crown.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven multi-fault detection in pipelines utilizing frequency response function and artificial neural networks","authors":"Hussein A. M. Hussein ,&nbsp;Sharafiz B. Abdul Rahim ,&nbsp;Faizal B. Mustapha ,&nbsp;Prajindra S. Krishnan ,&nbsp;Nawal Aswan B. Abdul Jalil","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research presents a data-driven structural health monitoring (SHM) approach for pipeline systems that leverages frequency response function (FRF) signals and artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms to accurately identify and classify diverse pipeline fault conditions. The study focuses on three specific faults: bolt looseness, scale deposits, and crack occurrence at pipeline supports, which were replicated on a pipeline segment located at the Sound and Vibration Research Group (SVRG) at University Putra Malaysia (UPM). The FRF signals were captured using accelerometers to monitor the structural health of the pipeline. The data acquisition stage involved collecting FRF signals from the accelerometers to capture vibrations and responses related to the identified faults using a Siemens LMS SCADAS data acquisition unit. The data underwent preprocessing, including the application of principal component analysis (PCA) for feature selection. The subsequent data processing stage involved the application of an ANN algorithm for pattern recognition to analyze and classify the acquired data, identifying patterns associated with the replicated fault conditions. The proposed methodology demonstrated exceptional performance, with the ANN model achieving consistently high overall accuracy (above 99.7%) and remarkably low mean squared error (in the range of 0.0088 × 10⁻³ to 0.3062 × 10⁻³) across multiple iterations and sensor datasets. The detailed class-specific metrics, including accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1-score, further substantiated the model’s effectiveness in identifying the individual fault types with near-perfect or perfect results for the majority of the fault scenarios. The location-invariant performance of the ANN model across different sensor placements demonstrates the robustness of the proposed data-driven SHM methodology. This research highlights the transformative potential of integrating state-of-the-art data-driven techniques to revolutionize the monitoring and assessment of critical pipeline infrastructure, ultimately enhancing the safety, reliability, and longevity of these vital systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of the full-scale burst failure behavior of carbon dioxide steel pipeline","authors":"Duihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruoxi Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Ouyang ,&nbsp;Yaru Fu ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Yan ,&nbsp;Xiaoben Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is an important strategic reserve technology to reduce CO₂ emissions. Accelerating the application and development of CCUS technology is a realistic need and an important path for the energy industry to achieve the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. It is the most economical method to transport CO₂ from carbon source to carbon sink in supercritical state through pipeline. The key issue of supercritical/dense phase CO₂ pipeline design is whether the pipeline steel has an adequate toughness to arrest running ductile fracture. For the study of toughness requirements of pipeline, full-scale burst test is the most direct and effective method at present. In order to research the toughness requirements of the supercritical CO₂ pipeline, the first full-scale burst test of CO₂ pipeline in China was carried out. The X65 steel pipeline with an outer diameter of 323.9 mm and a wall thickness of 7.2–7.6 mm was used as the test pipe. The test gas was 95% CO₂ + 4% N₂ + 1% H₂, the test pressure was 11.85 MPa, and the temperature was 12.6 °C. The test results show that the axial prefabricated crack of the crack initiation pipe was successfully detonated and the crack propagated along the axial direction. On the west side, the crack was arrested at the girth weld of the two pipelines, and on the east side the crack was arrested ductilely because the base metal of the pipeline had sufficient toughness. The test steel pipe showed typical ductile shear fracture characteristics. The data of crack propagation velocity, pressure and temperature were collected, and the test results were accurate. After the burst of the pipe, the high-pressure gas in the pipe was sprayed upward and out in the opposite direction of the wind direction, and then diffused along the wind direction to the external field under the action of the wind velocity. This test provides data support for China to master the development, pipeline design and construction technology of million-ton CO₂ pipeline. The test results will significantly improve the prediction accuracy of crack arrest toughness of CO₂ pipeline of China, and provide important technical support for the safe construction and operation of global CO₂ pipeline.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100221"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural gas consumption forecasting using a novel two-stage model based on improved sparrow search algorithm","authors":"Weibiao Qiao ,&nbsp;Qianli Ma ,&nbsp;Yulou Yang ,&nbsp;Haihong Xi ,&nbsp;Nan Huang ,&nbsp;Xinjun Yang ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The foundation of natural gas intelligent scheduling is the accurate prediction of natural gas consumption (NGC). However, its volatility, brings difficulties and challenges in accurately predicting NGC. To address this problem, an improved model is developed combining improved sparrow search algorithm (ISSA), long short-term memory (LSTM), and wavelet transform (WT). First, the performance of ISSA is tested. Second, the NGC is divided into several high- and low-frequency components applying different layers of Coilfets’, Fejer-Korovkins’, Symletss’, Haars’, and Discretes’ orders. In addition, the LSTM is applied to forecast the decomposed components in view of the one- and multi-step, and its hyper-parameters are optimized by ISSA. At last, the final prediction results are reconstructed. The research results indicate that: 1) Comparing to other machine algorithms (e.g., fuzzy neural network), the convergence speed and stability of ISSA are stronger in view of standard deviation and mean; 2) The prediction performance of the developed model is better than that of other forecasting models; 3) The forecasting performance of the single-step forecasting is superior to that of the two-, three-, and four- step; 4) The computational load of the proposed prediction model is the highest compared to other models, and the prediction accuracy is still excellent on the extended time series.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143168567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on scour stripping of oil-wax gels in pipes","authors":"Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Qiyu Huang,&nbsp;Xingyue Pu,&nbsp;Xun Zhang,&nbsp;Rongbin Li,&nbsp;Yijie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, soft gel stripping experiments were conducted under different temperatures and flow velocity conditions by a flow loop. The flow area of pipes increased with an increase in flow velocity. However, partial or complete removal of soft gels occurred when flow velocity increased to a critical point. The hydrodynamic force from oil flow, adhesive contact force and yield stress of soft gels were calculated and compared. The hydrodynamic force increased with an increase in flow velocity. Under the dissolution and shear effect, the flow area showed a step-wise increase when hydrodynamic force did not meet the requirements of adhesion failure and structural failure. The soft gels were stripped completely when the force met the requirements. The lower strength of soft gels resulted in lower requirements of adhesion failure and structural failure. Thus, accumulation problems of soft gels can be solved by changing flow parameters.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000374/pdfft?md5=df5ae03b82cf883076da83c8946beff2&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143324000374-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a sectionalizing method for simulation of large-scale complicated natural gas pipeline networks","authors":"Duihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2024.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By 2025, the total mileage of natural gas pipelines in China is expected to reach 163,000 km, placing urgent demands on the simulation technology for increasingly large-scale and more complicated pipeline networks. This paper describes the development of a new sectionalizing method, which is based on optimization strategy, for simulating large-scale and complicated natural gas pipeline networks. Based on analysis of the topological structures, the entire pipeline networks are decomposed into multiple sub-networks according to the connecting nodes between the adjoined pipelines. The sectionalizing method is then implemented by minimizing the residuals of conservation for continuity and momentum at the connecting nodes in isothermal mode. The hydraulic variables in each sub-network are obtained after the hydraulic variables at connecting nodes are updated. The calculation accuracy and efficiency of this sectionalizing method are demonstrated by comparison with a commercial software through three different test cases. It is shown that the maximum relative deviation of pressure of the method developed is within 2.5% of that calculated using the commercial software. In a 5 × 10⁴ km test case with variable spatial step sizes, the computational efficiency is 2.1 to 3.2 times of that of the commercial software. The results of the three case studies suggest that this sectionalizing method is promising and suitable for application to large-scale complicate natural gas network simulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"4 4","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667143324000362/pdfft?md5=eadacce7bba2fad5cddedb59a3c2cb60&pid=1-s2.0-S2667143324000362-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}