Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic risk assessment framework for offshore pipelines corrosion under insulation","authors":"Momohjimoh Ajari Yakubu,&nbsp;Susan Caines,&nbsp;Faisal Khan,&nbsp;Sidum Adumene","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100457","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100457","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion under insulation (CUI) remains a critical threat to the integrity and reliability of offshore and marine pipeline systems due to its hidden nature, complex degradation mechanisms, and limited inspection strategies. This study presents a dynamic, probabilistic risk assessment framework that integrates a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN)-based susceptibility model with an independent three-state degradation formulation to evaluate CUI-induced failure evolution and the associated risks. Pipeline condition is classified into three degradation states: low, moderate, and high, whose time-dependent transitions are modelled using state-dependent exponential degradation functions informed by literature data and expert judgment. System state evolution is represented using matrix exponential solutions, enabling a probabilistic assessment of pipeline condition over time. The framework supports Bayesian updating as new inspection or operational evidence becomes available and explicitly links time-dependent failure probabilities to consequence severity classification and economic loss estimation. A case study is presented to demonstrate the application of the framework in assessing CUI susceptibility, failure progression, and the relative effectiveness of inspection and mitigation strategies. The results indicate that combined inspection and insulation-related interventions are more effective in reducing severe and catastrophic failure outcomes than isolated control measures, with moderate degradation states acting as transitional stages between recovery and deterioration. While acknowledging that experimental validation and long-term field verification were not feasible within the scope of this study, the proposed framework is intended as a comparative decision-support tool for integrity management in CUI-prone offshore environments. The developed methodological structure allows adaptation and calibration as asset-specific data become available, supporting risk-informed maintenance planning, expected loss quantification, and proactive decision-making for offshore pipeline systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100457"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dioxide pipeline leakage risk assessment based on pipeline failure probability correction and CO2 concentration dispersion distance prediction","authors":"Qihui Hu,&nbsp;Hongwu Zhang,&nbsp;Xuefeng Zhao,&nbsp;Lan Meng,&nbsp;Yuxing Li,&nbsp;Lijun Zhang,&nbsp;Jianlu Zhu,&nbsp;Wuchang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Given that supercritical or dense-phase carbon dioxide pipelines operate under high-pressure conditions, there exists a significant risk of high-pressure carbon dioxide leakage due to factors such as corrosion or external damage, which poses a potential asphyxiation hazard. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct a risk assessment study focused on the leakage risks associated with these pipelines. This paper employs a comprehensive approach that integrates risk assessment theory, leakage diffusion theory, and probability and statistical methods to calculate and adjust the failure probability of carbon dioxide pipelines. Additionally, it synthesizes current experimental data alongside results obtained from PHAST software simulations. Through regression analysis utilizing a BP neural network algorithm, the study determines the boundary distance for leakage diffusion hazards in 4% carbon dioxide pipelines. This analysis facilitates the establishment of a failure consequence scoring mechanism for the pipelines and the formulation of a risk assessment matrix for CO₂ pipeline leakage. This matrix is instrumental in evaluating the risks associated with various CO₂ pipeline leakage scenarios and aids in the design and operational management of CO₂ pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100293"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding detection success of belowground natural gas leaks in urban environments through controlled release experiments","authors":"G. Venkata Rao,&nbsp;Josh R. Aldred,&nbsp;Daniel J. Zimmerle,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Smits","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pipeline leak detection in urban areas is critical to safety and the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impact of the added complexity of key features of an urban environment to leak detection success is not well known, and therefore not currently included in leak detection practice. To address this gap, we conducted a series of controlled release experiments to assess the impact of leak rate, downwind distance, and survey height on the probability of detection (POD) for belowground natural gas (NG) pipeline leaks in a simulated urban environment, using walking, driving, and simulated unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV_sim) surveys. Results indicated a significant improvement in POD with increased leak rates. As the leak rate increased from low (0.5 slpm or 1 scfh) to high (10 slpm or 21 scfh), POD improved by 15–37 percentage points (pp) for main lines and 24–35 pp for service lines. Downwind distance also negatively influenced POD: compared to surveys conducted directly over the pipeline, reductions of 65 pp, 10 pp, and 49 pp were observed at 15 m downwind for walking, driving, and UAV_sim surveys, respectively. Survey height further impacted detection success: walking surveys (probe at ground level) outperformed driving surveys (sensor at ∼1 m) and UAV_sim surveys (sensor at 8 m). Along the centerline, POD was reduced by 18 pp and 23 pp for driving and UAV_sim surveys, respectively, compared to walking surveys. However, at 5 m and 15 m downwind, driving surveys showed improved POD over walking surveys, with increases of 23 pp and 37 pp, respectively. Additionally, the detection threshold (DT) significantly impacted POD, particularly at low leak rates and for service lines: under the tested conditions, a 0.05 ppm increase in DT reduced POD by 30–40 pp for main lines at low leak rates and for service lines at both leak rates tested (0.5 and 10 slpm). Furthermore, compared to rural environments, POD was reduced by 16 pp for main lines and 38 pp for service lines in urban areas, across various downwind distances and leak rates. These findings highlight the importance of accounting for urban environmental factors in methane (CH₄) leak detection and provide valuable insights for developing performance metrics that consider variations in site conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100417"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric study of burst strength for hydrogen blended natural gas pipelines with long corrosion defects","authors":"Joshua Herrington,&nbsp;Xian-Kui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transporting hydrogen through existing natural gas pipeline poses significant challenges due to hydrogen embrittlement (HE), which can compromise the structural integrity of pipelines. This study evaluates the burst strength of line pipes with and without corrosion defects using elastic-plastic finite element analysis (FEA). A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to assess the influence of HE across a range of pipeline steel grades, pipe sizes, and defect geometries, with a specific focus on long corrosion defects. The results demonstrate that the Zhu-Leis flow solution can accurately predict the burst strength for various defect-free hydrogen pipelines due to the consideration of pipe wall thickness and material strain hardening. On this basis, a semi-empirical burst model is proposed for pipelines containing long corrosion defects. Comparisons show an excellent agreement of the predictions with the FEA results across a wide range of defect depths, defect widths, internal and external corrosion, and hydrogen blending ratios. Full-scale burst test data also validate the proposed model for long corrosion defects. Both the numerical results and the proposed predictions show that while burst strength decreases with increasing hydrogen blending ratio, the overall influence of HE on burst strength is relatively small for both defect-free and corroded pipelines if repurposed for hydrogen transport.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling corrosion mechanisms of X80 pipeline steel in ammonia environment with chloride and oxygen","authors":"Jiaqing Li,&nbsp;Shuaizhen He,&nbsp;Xinghui Li,&nbsp;Shihang Rao,&nbsp;Lin Teng,&nbsp;Che Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Luo,&nbsp;Lilong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia (NH₃) is a promising hydrogen carrier, yet the corrosion mechanisms of pipeline steels in impurity-contaminated NH₃ environments remain unclear. This study elucidates the effects of chloride ions (Cl⁻) and dissolved oxygen (O₂) on the corrosion behaviour of X80 pipeline steel in aqueous NH₃. Electrochemical measurements, potentiodynamic polarisation, and surface characterisation reveal a mechanistic transition from Cl⁻-dominated localised pitting to NH₃-driven mild corrosion as NH₃ concentration increases. Cl⁻ exacerbates passive film breakdown and pitting, whereas NH₃ suppresses Cl⁻ aggressiveness via metal cation complexation. O₂ contributes to partial passivation by facilitating the formation of Fe(OH)₃ and Fe₂O₃, although the resulting films are discontinuous and microcracked. A mechanistic framework is proposed, highlighting the competitive and sequential interplay among NH₃, Cl⁻, and O₂, which provides guidance for corrosion control in NH₃ storage and transport pipelines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100486"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic evaluation of regular and radial-fin-integrated pipe performance using limit analysis and evolutionary symbolic modeling","authors":"Syaifulloh Qoimuddin Ali Basyah,&nbsp;Suraparb Keawsawasvong,&nbsp;Pitthaya Jamsawang","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Subsea buried pipes in offshore field conditions are most vulnerable to upheaval buckling, a risk that is especially pronounced in soft clay soils where uplift resistance, expressed by the dimensionless parameter <em>N</em>, is a crucial design consideration. This research assesses the uplift capacity of regular and fin-reinforced sections of pipelines in varying geotechnical conditions using a hybrid approach combining Finite Element Limit Analysis (FELA) within OptumG2 and symbolic regression based on Evolutionary Polynomial Regression coupled with a Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm (EPR-MOGA-XL). Seven different pipeline geometries are studied under different embedment depth ratios (<em>H/D</em>), overburden ratio (<em>γH/S_uc</em>), anisotropic strength ratio (<em>r_e</em>), adhesion levels (<em>α</em>), and fin geometries (<em>w_f/D</em>). The data obtained by using FELA forms the basis for the development of symbolic prediction models, which exhibit high precision with values for the coefficient of determination (<em>R²</em>) exceeding 0.95. Findings emphasize significant uplift resistance improvements in multi-fin designs, particularly the 6-fin configurations, and underscore the substantial effects of soil anisotropy and overburden stress on uplift behavior. This study pioneers the application of symbolic modeling for fin-enhanced pipeline uplift resistance, providing an interpretable, computationally efficient, and practical framework tailored for offshore geotechnical engineering design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100386"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge graph construction for pipeline standards: Enhancing efficiency in the oil and gas industry","authors":"Quan Hui,&nbsp;Bing Liu,&nbsp;Jianchun Fan,&nbsp;Dehua Guo,&nbsp;Jiaru Chen,&nbsp;Xiao Tan,&nbsp;Zeheng Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The intelligent development of oil and gas pipelines is crucial for overcoming the challenges of transitioning from informatization to intelligence, especially considering the vast number of standards governing pipeline operations. With over 3000 distinct standards collected, their multi-source heterogeneity makes effective manual use virtually impossible, leading to a significant semantic gap and difficulty in scenario-based retrieval. This study introduces a novel knowledge graph (KG) specifically designed to address this challenge by providing a unified, efficient method for managing and applying these standards. The KG is constructed based on a predefined ontology to provide an efficient semantic framework for technical specifications. We employ a novel hybrid information extraction framework, combining advanced neural models (BERT/BiLSTM-Attention) with rule-based methods and a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) for relationship extraction. This approach resolves terminology ambiguity inherent in multi-source documents and accurately extracts entities and relationships from heterogeneous standards. This framework facilitates the construction of a comprehensive knowledge graph for pipeline network technical specifications, thereby enhancing the accessibility and usability of critical technical knowledge. The constructed KG, covering 17,655 entity nodes and 20,454 relationships, facilitates the intelligent retrieval of information and promotes the digital transformation of pipeline management. The validation demonstrates a high F1-Score in information extraction and confirms the capability of the KG to shift the knowledge retrieval paradigm from slow document searching to rapid, non-linear relational querying. By integrating data from diverse standards, this approach supports technological advancements, enhances safety and sustainability in the oil and gas industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100445"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of repaired pipeline by composite sleeve using DIC technique and FEM","authors":"MirMeysam Niksirat,&nbsp;Gholamhossein Rahimi,&nbsp;Shahram Hosseini,&nbsp;Gholamhossein Liaghat","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the impact of a composite laminate sleeve on a corroded pipeline during a hydrostatic test, adhering to the ISO-24817 &amp; ASME PCC-2 standards, employing the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique. The composite sleeve consists of 41 layers, each 0.16 mm thick, made from E-glass woven fabric reinforced with epoxy resin. DIC captures strain and deflection distribution along the pipeline surface, yielding precise data on the sleeve's effect on structural response. To compare experimental results of strain and deflection finite element model (FEM) was simulated. Validating the FEM showing a 50% strain reduction in repaired structure indicates the composite sleeve’s effect. Results prove that the 2D DIC technique, as a non-destructive testing (NDT) method, offers a novel approach for analyzing strain distribution on slightly curved surfaces and provides insights into the 3D behavior of corroded areas. This method may enhance pipeline assessment and rehabilitation, improving safety and reliability in various industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flow characteristics and leakage rate calculations of microchannels in hydrogen-blended natural gas sealing structures","authors":"Feng Li,&nbsp;Lushuai Xu,&nbsp;Shaohua Dong,&nbsp;Dongying Wang,&nbsp;Xiujuan Dong,&nbsp;Biao Pan,&nbsp;Quan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen energy plays a key role in achieving China's \"double carbon\" goal. Blending hydrogen with natural gas and transporting it through existing pipeline infrastructure offers a practical solution for large-scale hydrogen delivery. However, gasket-related sealing failures remain the leading cause of leakage in such systems. This study investigates the sealing mechanism and establishes a predictive model for calculating the leakage rate. The diffusion behavior between multicomponent systems of hydrogen-blended natural gas significantly complicates flow characterization within sealing interfaces contact. To address this, this paper used a high fractal rough surface profile to create a sealing fluid domain model at a microscopic scale. It combined a multicomponent gas diffusion model and a numerical hydrodynamic computation method to examine the flow characteristics of the sealing gap on the sealing surface of the flange. Additionally, it predicted the leakage rate at various hydrogen blending ratios. The results show that throttling and friction effects within the sealing gap intensify as the pressure differential increases, significantly boosting the leakage rate, which rapidly increased the leakage rate with higher pressure differences between the inlet and outlet. Compared to other substances, hydrogen demonstrated the lowest mass leakage rate and the highest average velocity under identical pressure conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Existing natural gas networks for 100% hydrogen transport: a case study in Europe","authors":"Javier Sánchez-Laínez,&nbsp;Lidia Martínez-Izquierdo,&nbsp;Virginia Madina,&nbsp;Alberto Cerezo,&nbsp;M. Dolores Storch de Gracia,&nbsp;Vanesa Gil","doi":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpse.2026.100474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrogen transportation via dedicated pipelines or repurposed existing natural gas (NG) grids is one of the most reliable and cost-efficient means of delivering hydrogen over long distances. However, due to embrittlement effects and ease of leakage, further research is needed to fully replace the natural gas in these assets. This study evaluates the tolerance of four API 5 L carbon steel (grades X42, X52, X60 and X70) as well as the tightness and compatibility of different components and equipment (valves, pressure regulator, cartridge filter and turbine gas meter) of the existing high-pressure gas grid (16–80 bar) for 100% H₂. Different tests were performed to analyze the effects of hydrogen on materials, components and equipment at the most common transportation pressure (80 bar). No embrittlement or other kind of damage was detected on C-ring, CT-WOL and four-point bend (4pb) specimens after 2,500 h of exposure to 100% H₂ at 80 bar. All valves remained tight for the duration of the test, with just minor hydrogen losses due to hydrogen leakage through the body of the valves. Finally, no apparent damage was found on the different parts of the valves, pressure regulator, cartridge filter and turbine gas meter components after their exposure to hydrogen.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100824,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pipeline Science and Engineering","volume":"6 4","pages":"Article 100474"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148528869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}