{"title":"Progress and future directions in determining drugs using spectroelectrochemical methods","authors":"Vildan Sanko , Ozge Surucu , Filiz Kuralay","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of drugs is essential for the continuity of human health and the prevention of diseases for living creatures. A key factor in effective drug use is taking it at the correct dosage and timing. Otherwise, some adverse or side effects of these drugs may occur. For this reason, it is crucial to determine the drugs used. In some cases, drug analysis is also essential to understand the use of harmful active substances, such as in the class of prohibited ones. The simple definition of a drug (medication) is a chemical substance that produces a biological effect when adapted to an organism. There are many techniques to determine the drug amount, including spectrometric, chromatographic, electrochemical, colorimetric, or immunological. These analytical techniques have been successfully used to quantify drugs. To improve the effectiveness of the detection protocols, combined systems such as spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) provide significant advantages. This well-known technique unites the principles of spectroscopy and electrochemistry by creating a synergy to provide information on redox properties, mechanisms, and molecular structures. This review highlights the transformative potential of SEC in determining drug molecules, offering a detailed exploration of its principles, methodologies, and unique advantages. The main emphasis, however, is on the use of SEC in pharmaceutical analysis, where its accuracy and adaptability have driven significant progress. Recent studies are presented in detail, demonstrating SEC's effectiveness in detecting, quantifying, and characterizing drug molecules with high sensitivity and specificity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wojciech Rogóż, Aleksandra Owczarzy, Karolina Kulig, Małgorzata Maciążek-Jurczyk
{"title":"How does HSA's antioxidant activity change under the influence of lincomycin and spectinomycin mixture? – A spectroscopic study","authors":"Wojciech Rogóż, Aleksandra Owczarzy, Karolina Kulig, Małgorzata Maciążek-Jurczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lincomycin (LIN) belongs to the lincosamides group and is used in bacterial infections of soft tissues, the respiratory system, bone marrow, and bones, while spectinomycin (SPE) belongs to the group of aminoglycoside antibiotics and is used for the treatment of gonorrhoea. Both antibiotics are commonly used to treat humans separately while their mixture is used in veterinary preparations (SPE-LIN), and the combination of these antibiotics has not yet been used for human treatment. The aim of this study was to search for modulators of human serum albumin (HSA) antioxidant activity among antibacterial drugs, lincomycin (LIN) and spectinomycin (SPE). In order to study the effect of LIN and SPE on HSA antioxidant properties the DPPH and ABTS tests were used. UV-Vis spectrophotometry and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques were used to find the cause of LIN and SPE modulatory activity related to HSA antiradical potential. Both LIN and SPE, as well as their mixture, did not show significant antioxidant activity, while in combination with HSA, they stimulated its antioxidant properties. CD measurements determined that the dominant secondary structure of HSA, regardless of the presence of ligands, was α-helix, and its percentage share slightly increased under the influence of LIN and SPE. The obtained results confirm the viability of further studies on the potential application of the combination of SPE-LIN in the treatment, not only in breeding animals. The proposed concept of research may be a response to the future needs in medicine. The assumed goal, which was the search for HSA modulators, has been achieved.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Efe Deniz , Ümit Babacan , Ceren Selim , Mehmet Fatih Cengiz
{"title":"Determination of rapid and sensitive extraction of colchicine from Colchicum baytopiorum and Colchicum decaisnei leaves by HPLC-UV method","authors":"Efe Deniz , Ümit Babacan , Ceren Selim , Mehmet Fatih Cengiz","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the extraction and analysis of colchicine, a bioactive alkaloid, from the leaves of two endemic species, <em>Colchicum baytopiorum</em> (n = 13) and <em>Colchicum decaisnei</em> (n = 11), collected from Antalya, Türkiye. Colchicine, known for its pharmacological applications for the treatment of gout and cancer, was extracted using ultrasonic-assisted extraction, a more environmentally friendly alternative to conventional methods like Soxhlet and solid-liquid extraction. High-performance liquid chromatography was used for the quantification of colchicine levels in the plant samples. The method was validated in terms of linear dynamic range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ) and relative standard deviation (RSD). Results showed that LOD, LOQ and RSD values were determined to be 0.210 ppm, 0.799 ppm and 1.420, respectively. <em>C. baytopiorum</em> had a higher colchicine content (206.24 ± 87.48 ppm) compared to <em>C. decaisnei</em> (11.23 ± 23.04 ppm). These findings are consistent with previous studies, which report varying colchicine concentrations across different Colchicum species. The study suggests that genetic research could help identify the specific genes responsible for colchicine production, which could enhance its availability in pharmaceutical applications. This research contributes to understanding colchicine extraction and its potential for medical use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ensar Piskin , Fatih Ahmet Korkut , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Sibel A. Ozkan
{"title":"Highly selective and sensitive detection of atorvastatin from using a MIP-based electrochemical sensor","authors":"Ensar Piskin , Fatih Ahmet Korkut , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Sibel A. Ozkan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atorvastatin (ATR) is one of the statins that are widely used all around the world. This study presents a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of ATR in binary mixtures and commercial serum samples. The designed sensor was fabricated using a photopolymerization (PP) approach on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using ATR as the template and acrylamide (ACR) as the functional monomer. The developed ATR/ACR@MIP-GCE sensor was evaluated electrochemically and morphologically using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The indirect measuring method was used with a 5.0 mM [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3–/4–</sup> solution to determine the ATR in the linear range of 1.0–10.0 pM. Moreover, the sensor demonstrated excellent linearity and extremely sensitive quantification (LOQ) limit of detection (LOD) values in both biological media and standard solutions. It also performed well in terms of specificity by effectively differentiating ATR from compounds with similar structures. Excellent repeatability and reproducibility results have confirmed the reliability of the sensor. The selectivity of the ATR/ACR@MIP-GCE sensor for ATR was proven by interference studies on ezetimibe and their binary mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chitosan and carbon nanotube modified DNA biosensor for determination of drug-DNA interaction","authors":"Selen Soyalp , Ece Eksin , Arzum Erdem","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study Chitosan (CHIT) and Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified pencil graphite electrodes (MWCNT-CHIT-PGEs) were developed for enhanced electrochemical monitoring of nucleic acid, and the interaction of the anticancer drug Mitomycin C (MC) and calf thymus double stranded DNA (ctdsDNA). The microscopic characterization of PGE and MWCNT-CHIT-PGE surfaces was carried out by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) techniques were used to evaluate the electrochemical performance of the MWCNT-CHIT-PGEs. The interaction between MC and ctdsDNA was investigated by measuring the oxidation signals of both MC and guanine in the same voltammetric scale using Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The experimental parameters, dsDNA and MC concentration and the interaction time were optimized to enhance the overall efficiency of the experimental process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IrO2 nanoparticles-doped bacterial cellulose as a paper-based platform for optical detection of dopamine","authors":"Handenur Tomaşoğlu , Eda Gumus , Erhan Zor , Haluk Bingol","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paper-based sensors including different indicators are attractive to many scientists because they can be used in many different fields. Due to their visual interpretability and ease of use, a large number of paper-based sensors have been created as competitors to traditional detection methods. In particular, the application of nanomaterials with different strategies to paper-based biosensors can provide an enhanced colorimetric readout for selective and sensitive detection. Among them, the numerous hydroxyl groups on IrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs) surface made it easier for organic molecules to be adsorbed, leading to optical change of IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs in the presence of biologically important molecules as analyte. In this study, a paper-based optical sensor platform was obtained using bacterial cellulose (BC) doped with IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs. The IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs-doped BC (IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs@BC) was cut into circular pieces (spot) for easily handling and used for dopamine detection. The dopamine sensor showed linear response in a concentration range of 0.30 µM to 10 µM in solution, while it revealed a linear range of 0.60 mM to 2.5 mM in paper-based platform. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were determined to be 0.107 µM and 0.325 µM in solution media, and to be 0.479 mM and 1.45 mM for the proposed paper-based optical sensor platform, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Paula Lamounier, Bárbara da Conceição Coelho Cotta Cardoso, Alessandra Licursi Maia Cerqueira da Cunha
{"title":"Direct sample introduction in high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of oily medicinal cannabis samples using surfactant-free microemulsion","authors":"Ana Paula Lamounier, Bárbara da Conceição Coelho Cotta Cardoso, Alessandra Licursi Maia Cerqueira da Cunha","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The therapeutic use of medicinal Cannabis has raised challenges in quality control and cannabinoid quantification in oil extracts, primarily due to incompatibility with liquid chromatography systems. Surfactant-free microemulsion (SFME) systems offer a promising, efficient, and sustainable solution, enabling direct analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography. These microemulsions are dispersions of two immiscible liquids, typically oil and water, made compatible by an amphiphilic substance that interacts with both polar and nonpolar fractions. After SFME testing and critical analysis of the results, clear and homogeneous microemulsions were observed regardless of the oil-to-water ratio studied, provided that sufficient quantities of 1-octanol:1-propanol (3:10 v/v) were added. Based on the established robust working range, the 1:2 (oil:ultrapure water) ratio (% w/w) was chosen as the compromise condition, minimizing medicinal oil use while ensuring compatibility with the chromatographic system. Univariate optimization of chromatographic conditions enabled simultaneous analysis of five cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), tetrahydrocannabutol (THCB), cannabinol (CBN), and tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) using a ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column at 35 °C. The method employed isocratic elution with a mobile phase of 82:18 %v/v methanol:ultrapure water containing 0.15 ± 0.05 % v/v formic acid, a 1.0 mL min<sup>−1</sup> flow rate, and a 20 μL injection volume, using the fluorescence and UV absorption detectors. This proposal offers sensitivity (LOD in the ng mL<sup>−1</sup>), selectivity, and separation efficiency, associated with low cost, minimal waste generation, and low energy demand, aligning with Green Chemistry principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the serum and salivary free light chain levels in patients with proteinuria post cardiac surgery","authors":"Moazaz Rashad Saed , Thikra Hasan Mathkor","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication following cardiac surgery, affecting both short- and long-term survival rates. Proteinuria serves as an indicator of structural kidney damage and is increasingly recognized as a crucial marker for kidney disease and a risk factor for AKI. Free light chains (FLCs) are being investigated as potential markers for assessing the risk of kidney damage. This study aimed to validate the early detection of AKI by examining FLCs (kappa, lambda, and the kappa/lambda ratio) in serum and saliva samples. Clinical data were collected from 149 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in Baghdad, with 90 providing both saliva and serum samples for FLC evaluation. Patients were categorized based on the severity of proteinuria. Results showed that serum kappa levels were significantly elevated in patients with severe proteinuria compared to those with mild or no proteinuria. Conversely, salivary kappa levels were higher in patients with mild proteinuria than in those with severe or no proteinuria, while salivary lambda levels decreased as proteinuria severity increased. The rise in serum kappa may be attributed to immune system activation and kidney impairment. Both serum and salivary kappa demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for post-surgery AKI prognosis, outperforming lambda and the kappa/lambda ratio based on ROC analysis. The findings suggest that FLCs, particularly kappa, could be valuable in the early detection of AKI following cardiac surgery, highlighting their potential to enhance patient outcomes through proactive monitoring and intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143280733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Seyda Nur Samanci , Goksu Ozcelikay-Akyildiz , S. Irem Kaya , Sibel A. Ozkan
{"title":"Recent advancements in novel electrochemical sensors for disease-associated molecule determination","authors":"Seyda Nur Samanci , Goksu Ozcelikay-Akyildiz , S. Irem Kaya , Sibel A. Ozkan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disease-associated molecules (biomarkers) provide clinically important information for diagnosing, monitoring, and treating diseases common in society, such as cancer, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and infectious diseases. Reliable sensor platforms are required for sensitive, rapid, and selective determination of these molecules in biological fluids. Electrochemical sensors are popular options used effectively to determine many analytes in complex matrices to meet this need. One of the key points in assay of these clinically important molecules is to obtain sensitive responses even at low concentrations. Therefore, integration with materials such as nanomaterials, composites, carbon-based materials, and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is widely applied to improve the performance of electrochemical sensors. Another essential expectation in determining disease-related molecules is the ability to perform point-of-care analysis with portable devices. This way, it is possible to obtain results that the patient can follow and convey to healthcare professionals without losing time. This review discusses the most current and novel electrochemical sensor approaches in disease-associated molecule determination. These studies were overviewed regarding the relevant disease, sensor type, electrochemical method, linear range, LOD, sample, and recovery values. This review aims to shed light on current studies in this field and provide researchers with a resource for future applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developments toward analysis of pesticides at residue levels among High Chlorophyll Containing Edible Leafy Plants – Sampling, QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS based analysis","authors":"Vikrant Goel , Deepika Pandey , Sudeep Shukla","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The usage of pesticides is crucial in maintaining the long-term health of plantations and boosting crop productivity. Nonetheless, their uncontrolled application has led to contamination of the environment, primarily affecting crops, soil, and water resources. Leafy plants rich in chlorophyll, classified as superfoods, have enhanced the quality of human life, however, they are prone to contamination with foreign contamination compounds known as xenobiotics, which pose a challenge for routine laboratory analysis. This paper reviews advancements among various sample preparation techniques evolving towards modern QuEChERS methodology and the features of the liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy technique that are useful for the assessment of pesticides from multiple classes at residue levels in such highly nutritious substances from High Chlorophyll Containing Edible Leafy Plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}