Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open最新文献_第2页

Innovative QSRR modeling approach for the development of an ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS method for trace analysis of N-nitrosamines

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100064

Yue Zhang, Sabah Houari, Thomas Van Laethem, Amandine Dispas, Eric Ziemons, Philippe Hubert, Cédric Hubert

{"title":"Innovative QSRR modeling approach for the development of an ultra-sensitive LC-MS/MS method for trace analysis of N-nitrosamines","authors":"Yue Zhang, Sabah Houari, Thomas Van Laethem, Amandine Dispas, Eric Ziemons, Philippe Hubert, Cédric Hubert","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address regulatory concerns regarding N-nitrosamine contamination in pharmaceutical products, generic LC-MS/MS methods for determining N-nitrosamines were developed using an innovative <em>in silico</em> approach based on Quantitative Structure Retention Relationship modeling (QSRR). The development process included screening and optimization phases, offering flexibility in targeting N-nitrosamines and addressing the challenges related to the matrix effect. This methodology represents a significant advancement in method development. Among the developed methods, a highly sensitive and accurate LC-MS/MS method was successfully validated to simultaneously determine 5 small-molecule N-nitrosamine impurities in tablets, which was used in the present proof-of-concept study. The validation followed the ICH Q2 (R2) guidelines, employing a combined approach for accuracy and precision based on total error risk-based methodology. The method was validated to function as both an impurity limit test and a quantitative method. Validation results demonstrated adequate quantitative performance of the method, establishing a validated dosing range from 1 to 30 ng/mL for all N-nitrosamines. The estimated detection limit ranged from 0.75 pg/mL to 0.02 ng/mL. The detection and quantification limits for each N-nitrosamine met the EMA N-nitrosamine investigation approach requirements. Moreover, both are always below 10 % of their respective acceptable limit in the studied finished product formulation. This proposed method is suitable for investigating small-molecule N-nitrosamines in pharmaceutical products and also provides a starting point for further method development, particularly for the determination of newly identified small-molecule N-nitrosamines and drug-substance-related N-nitrosamines.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100064"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143445617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IrO2 nanoparticles-doped bacterial cellulose as a paper-based platform for optical detection of dopamine

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100065

Handenur Tomaşoğlu , Eda Gumus , Erhan Zor , Haluk Bingol

{"title":"IrO2 nanoparticles-doped bacterial cellulose as a paper-based platform for optical detection of dopamine","authors":"Handenur Tomaşoğlu , Eda Gumus , Erhan Zor , Haluk Bingol","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paper-based sensors including different indicators are attractive to many scientists because they can be used in many different fields. Due to their visual interpretability and ease of use, a large number of paper-based sensors have been created as competitors to traditional detection methods. In particular, the application of nanomaterials with different strategies to paper-based biosensors can provide an enhanced colorimetric readout for selective and sensitive detection. Among them, the numerous hydroxyl groups on IrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs) surface made it easier for organic molecules to be adsorbed, leading to optical change of IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs in the presence of biologically important molecules as analyte. In this study, a paper-based optical sensor platform was obtained using bacterial cellulose (BC) doped with IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs. The IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs-doped BC (IrO<sub>2</sub>NPs@BC) was cut into circular pieces (spot) for easily handling and used for dopamine detection. The dopamine sensor showed linear response in a concentration range of 0.30 µM to 10 µM in solution, while it revealed a linear range of 0.60 mM to 2.5 mM in paper-based platform. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values were determined to be 0.107 µM and 0.325 µM in solution media, and to be 0.479 mM and 1.45 mM for the proposed paper-based optical sensor platform, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nanohybrids based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and MOF-199: Advantages on the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide and sensing applications

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100066

Pablo A. Gallay , Virginia M. Vaschetti , Facundo Aghemo , Pablo R. Dalmasso , Gustavo A. Rivas

{"title":"Nanohybrids based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and MOF-199: Advantages on the electrochemical reduction of hydrogen peroxide and sensing applications","authors":"Pablo A. Gallay , Virginia M. Vaschetti , Facundo Aghemo , Pablo R. Dalmasso , Gustavo A. Rivas","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We report the advantages of a nanohybrid obtained through the integration of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and MOF-199 by sono-synthesis. The resulting nanohybrid presents important synergic effects on the catalytic reduction of hydrogen peroxide due to the facilitated regeneration of the catalytic center in the presence of the interconnected carbon nanomaterial. Glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) modified with this hybrid nanomaterial dispersed in Nafion allowed the sensitive quantification of hydrogen peroxide: linear range between 5.0 × 10<sup>−6</sup> M and 7.5 × 10<sup>−5</sup> M (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.997), with a sensitivity of (128 ± 3) x 10<sup>2</sup> µA M<sup>−1</sup>, a detection limit of 2 µM, and a reproducibility of 8.0 % for the same nanohybrid and 5 different electrodes allowing the competitive electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide. The sensor was successfully used for the quantification of this important analyte in diverse commercial samples (milk, human serum, contact lens disinfecting solution, and mouthwash).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Progress and future directions in determining drugs using spectroelectrochemical methods

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100067

Vildan Sanko , Ozge Surucu , Filiz Kuralay

{"title":"Progress and future directions in determining drugs using spectroelectrochemical methods","authors":"Vildan Sanko , Ozge Surucu , Filiz Kuralay","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of drugs is essential for the continuity of human health and the prevention of diseases for living creatures. A key factor in effective drug use is taking it at the correct dosage and timing. Otherwise, some adverse or side effects of these drugs may occur. For this reason, it is crucial to determine the drugs used. In some cases, drug analysis is also essential to understand the use of harmful active substances, such as in the class of prohibited ones. The simple definition of a drug (medication) is a chemical substance that produces a biological effect when adapted to an organism. There are many techniques to determine the drug amount, including spectrometric, chromatographic, electrochemical, colorimetric, or immunological. These analytical techniques have been successfully used to quantify drugs. To improve the effectiveness of the detection protocols, combined systems such as spectroelectrochemistry (SEC) provide significant advantages. This well-known technique unites the principles of spectroscopy and electrochemistry by creating a synergy to provide information on redox properties, mechanisms, and molecular structures. This review highlights the transformative potential of SEC in determining drug molecules, offering a detailed exploration of its principles, methodologies, and unique advantages. The main emphasis, however, is on the use of SEC in pharmaceutical analysis, where its accuracy and adaptability have driven significant progress. Recent studies are presented in detail, demonstrating SEC's effectiveness in detecting, quantifying, and characterizing drug molecules with high sensitivity and specificity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100067"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Developments toward analysis of pesticides at residue levels among High Chlorophyll Containing Edible Leafy Plants – Sampling, QuEChERS and LC-MS/MS based analysis

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-02-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100062

Vikrant Goel , Deepika Pandey , Sudeep Shukla

引用次数: 0

Highly selective and sensitive detection of atorvastatin from using a MIP-based electrochemical sensor

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100061

Ensar Piskin , Fatih Ahmet Korkut , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Sibel A. Ozkan

{"title":"Highly selective and sensitive detection of atorvastatin from using a MIP-based electrochemical sensor","authors":"Ensar Piskin , Fatih Ahmet Korkut , Ahmet Cetinkaya , Sibel A. Ozkan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atorvastatin (ATR) is one of the statins that are widely used all around the world. This study presents a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of ATR in binary mixtures and commercial serum samples. The designed sensor was fabricated using a photopolymerization (PP) approach on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using ATR as the template and acrylamide (ACR) as the functional monomer. The developed ATR/ACR@MIP-GCE sensor was evaluated electrochemically and morphologically using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The indirect measuring method was used with a 5.0 mM [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3–/4–</sup> solution to determine the ATR in the linear range of 1.0–10.0 pM. Moreover, the sensor demonstrated excellent linearity and extremely sensitive quantification (LOQ) limit of detection (LOD) values in both biological media and standard solutions. It also performed well in terms of specificity by effectively differentiating ATR from compounds with similar structures. Excellent repeatability and reproducibility results have confirmed the reliability of the sensor. The selectivity of the ATR/ACR@MIP-GCE sensor for ATR was proven by interference studies on ezetimibe and their binary mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143143655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the serum and salivary free light chain levels in patients with proteinuria post cardiac surgery

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100058

Moazaz Rashad Saed , Thikra Hasan Mathkor

{"title":"Assessment of the serum and salivary free light chain levels in patients with proteinuria post cardiac surgery","authors":"Moazaz Rashad Saed , Thikra Hasan Mathkor","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a prevalent complication following cardiac surgery, affecting both short- and long-term survival rates. Proteinuria serves as an indicator of structural kidney damage and is increasingly recognized as a crucial marker for kidney disease and a risk factor for AKI. Free light chains (FLCs) are being investigated as potential markers for assessing the risk of kidney damage. This study aimed to validate the early detection of AKI by examining FLCs (kappa, lambda, and the kappa/lambda ratio) in serum and saliva samples. Clinical data were collected from 149 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in Baghdad, with 90 providing both saliva and serum samples for FLC evaluation. Patients were categorized based on the severity of proteinuria. Results showed that serum kappa levels were significantly elevated in patients with severe proteinuria compared to those with mild or no proteinuria. Conversely, salivary kappa levels were higher in patients with mild proteinuria than in those with severe or no proteinuria, while salivary lambda levels decreased as proteinuria severity increased. The rise in serum kappa may be attributed to immune system activation and kidney impairment. Both serum and salivary kappa demonstrated strong predictive capabilities for post-surgery AKI prognosis, outperforming lambda and the kappa/lambda ratio based on ROC analysis. The findings suggest that FLCs, particularly kappa, could be valuable in the early detection of AKI following cardiac surgery, highlighting their potential to enhance patient outcomes through proactive monitoring and intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143280733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A compendium of noncoding RNAs as biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100057

Manjusha Sita Akella, Angel Mendonca, Thanikes Manikandan, Dhananjay Sateesh, Akshitha Rajesh Swaminathan, Disha Parameshwaran, Manishika Gupta, Sujatha Sundaresan

{"title":"A compendium of noncoding RNAs as biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Manjusha Sita Akella, Angel Mendonca, Thanikes Manikandan, Dhananjay Sateesh, Akshitha Rajesh Swaminathan, Disha Parameshwaran, Manishika Gupta, Sujatha Sundaresan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is among the most widespread multifactorial disorders worldwide, defined by increased plasma glucose levels. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent and common form of diabetes mellitus. T2DM is a metabolic condition characterized by abnormal blood glucose levels, insulin resistance in target tissues, and a reduced mass and function of islet β cells. Highlighting the significance of investigating new biomarkers, particularly during the initial stages of development, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as valuable resources for T2DM. NcRNAs are a class of RNAs found in humans that play significant roles in epigenetics and in regulating post-transcriptional gene expression. Since they function as regulatory molecules, upon base pairing with the mRNA, they exhibit post-transcriptional alterations in the signaling cascade within the cells by regulating the expression of multiple targets simultaneously. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are the two primary categories of non-coding RNAs. Several studies have shown that sncRNAs and lncRNAs have evolved as potential biomarkers in T2DM. This review focuses on non-coding RNAs as biomarkers for T2DM and their role in preventing chronic complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100057"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143280732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of a new green gas chromatographic method for the determination of zolmitriptan in pure and pharmaceutical preparations

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100059

Reem Hasan Obaydo R.H.Obaydo , Abdulsalam Ashkar , Raneem Khayyat , Salem Alhamdan , Hadeel Kallas , Mohammad Kharrat , Amir Alhaj Sakur

{"title":"Development of a new green gas chromatographic method for the determination of zolmitriptan in pure and pharmaceutical preparations","authors":"Reem Hasan Obaydo R.H.Obaydo , Abdulsalam Ashkar , Raneem Khayyat , Salem Alhamdan , Hadeel Kallas , Mohammad Kharrat , Amir Alhaj Sakur","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple, accurate, and environmentally friendly method for determining raw zolmitriptan (ZMT) and its dosage form (tablets) was developed and validated using capillary gas chromatography (GC). Methanol was used to prepare the solutions of the standard and the sample, and instrument parameters were optimized with a programmed temperature ramp ranging from 230 to 290 °C, achieving a total run time of 9.0 min. The retention times for Metronidazole Benzoate (MNZB), the internal standard, and ZMT were found to be 4.89 and 8.11 min, respectively. GC separation was performed with a TRB-5 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm, 0.25 μm) with a 0.5 μL injection in splitless mode. The calibration curve was linear when testing a range of concentrations of 6.0–80.0 μg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to be 0.53 and 1.77 μg/mL, respectively, with a correlation coefficient (R²) greater than 0.999. The method proposed was efficiently applicable to analyze pure ZMT and in tablets, showing no interference from other components of the pharmaceutical preparation. Validation of the method was done per ICH guidelines, with all parameters meeting the required acceptance criteria. Additionally, evaluation of the greenness and sustainability of the GC method proposed was performed using AGREE, modified GAPI, and the RGB fast model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100059"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143280731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of carbon quantum dots from “De-oiled copra cake” by hydrothermal mechanism: In the realm of bioimaging

Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open Pub Date : 2025-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100060

Brindha Matharasi Murugan , Suneesha Vazhangodan Abdul Saleem , Gopi Palani Selvan , T. Siva Vijayakumar , Sowmiya Prakash , Gnanadesigan Murugesan

{"title":"Synthesis of carbon quantum dots from “De-oiled copra cake” by hydrothermal mechanism: In the realm of bioimaging","authors":"Brindha Matharasi Murugan , Suneesha Vazhangodan Abdul Saleem , Gopi Palani Selvan , T. Siva Vijayakumar , Sowmiya Prakash , Gnanadesigan Murugesan","doi":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpbao.2025.100060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study incorporates an efficient facile one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQD-CK) using the de-oiled copra cake biowaste. The synthesized quantum dots have showed good bioimaging with distinguished fluorescence cell properties with bacterial cultures (<em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Streptococcus pyogenes</em>), and yeast cells (<em>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</em>). Throughout the zebrafish's embryonic stages, the synthesized CQD-CK displayed unique fluorescence, indicating the CQD-CKs' increased binding affinities towards the zebrafish's tissues. The optical (UV, PL and FT-IR) and morphological studies (Zeta Potential (ZP), HR-TEM, SEM-EDAX, XRD, Raman spectroscopy) of the synthesized CQD-CK, further confirms the quantum nature of the synthesized CQD-CK (0.262nm through FFT). This work shows that the optical and morphological properties of the synthesized CQD-CK, as well as their synchronized outcomes in the bacterial and live zebrafish embryo and larval imaging, may make them a valuable probe in drug screening, medical research, and toxicological studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100822,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis Open","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100060"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143386967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0