Journal of Natural Pesticide Research最新文献

{"title":"Inhibitory effects of wild Origanum elongatum extracts on Fusarium oxysporum mycelium growth and spores germination: Evidence from in-vitro, in-planta, and in-silico experiments","authors":"Amal Hari ,&nbsp;Rachid Lahlali ,&nbsp;Ahmet Buğra Ortaakarsu ,&nbsp;Noamane Taarji ,&nbsp;Salah-Eddine Laasli ,&nbsp;Khawla Karaaoui ,&nbsp;Meryem Benjelloun ,&nbsp;Wafae Ouchari ,&nbsp;Mansour Sobeh ,&nbsp;Ghizlane Echchgadda","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium</em> wilt, caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum,</em> is one of the most devastating diseases to crops including potatoes. This fungus is widespread and dispersed via resistant spores. In this study, organic (methanol, hexane, and chloroform) and aqueous extracts of the aerial parts of wild <em>Origanum elongatum</em> were tested against mycelium and spores of <em>F. oxysporum</em> in both <em>in-vitro</em> (using the poisoned food technique) and <em>in-planta</em> assays. Further, the chemical composition of the extract was identified <em>via</em> HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. Then, molecular modeling was used to clarify the antifungal activity of identified biomolecules. The obtained results showed that organic and aqueous extracts showed significant antifungal and anti-sporulation activities with different effectiveness depending on the extract, concentration, and application test. In <em>in-vitro</em> assays of the aqueous extract, the highest antifungal activity was recorded at concentrations of 10 mg mL⁻¹, while the highest anti-sporulation activity (91.79 %) was observed at 50 mg mL⁻¹. In the organic extracts, methanol was the most effective against fungus with 100 % inhibition of mycelium at 5 mg mL ⁻¹ and the highest anti-sporulation effect (73.58 %) at 20 mg mL⁻¹. In <em>in-planta</em> assays, the methanolic extract at 20 mg mL⁻¹ achieved 0 % disease severity, while the aqueous extract at 50 mg mL⁻¹ reduced severity to 7 %, both significantly more effective than the untreated control. Therefore, methanol was the most effective and these biological properties are supported by a wide range of bioactive molecules, including 56 molecules compared to only 28 molecules in the aqueous extract. These include glycosides of apigenin and kaempferol and salvianolic acid b. However, more research is needed to clarify the inhibition action of the individual components and their synergetic actions in controlled and field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100096"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal activity of citral against Fusarium wilt in tomatoes and induction of the upregulation of glucanase, chitinase, and thaumatin-like protein plant defense genes","authors":"Portia Osei-Obeng ,&nbsp;Leonard Muriithi Kiirika ,&nbsp;Aggrey Bernard Nyende","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium</em> wilt of tomatoes, caused by the soil-borne fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. <em>sp lycopersici</em> (FOL), is one of the devastating diseases of tomatoes, causing substantial economic losses worldwide. It is primarily controlled with chemical fungicides. The present study assessed the antifungal activity of citral against FOL under greenhouse conditions and investigated its effects on three plant defense genes: glucanase, chitinase, and thaumatin-like protein (TLP) using Real-time- quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that citral oil at 1024 and 512 µg/mL significantly reduced wilt severity from 61.7 % to 28.3 and 33.3 %, respectively. RT-qPCR results revealed that citral upregulates the expression of the three defense genes to varying extents, highlighting their role in resistance induction in tomatoes against FOL. Chitinase showed the highest differential expression with a 9.54-fold increase at 12 hours post-treatment (hpt), followed by TLP with a 6.96-fold increase at 12hpt, and glucanase with a 3.68-fold increase at 24hpt. These findings suggest citral is a promising biocontrol agent against fusarium wilt in tomatoes. However, field trials are recommended to validate these results under open field conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Fungicide from Waste Oil Palm Fruit Bunch for Sustainable Management of Tomato Wilt Disease Caused by Fusarium oxysporum - experimental and in silico studies","authors":"Jacinta Ngozi Akalazu ,&nbsp;Chidi Edbert Duru","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100095","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100095","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Tomato wilt, a widespread and persistent disease caused by the fungus <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, can be effectively controlled through biological approaches, promoting ecosystem sustainability and enhancing agricultural productivity and quality. This study explored the use of empty oil palm fruit bunch (EOPFB) waste as a natural fungicide to control tomato Fusarium wilt disease through in vitro, pilot scale, and molecular docking experiments. EOPFB aqueous extract showed the highest mycelium growth inhibition of 68.3 %, with the commercial fungicide Mancozeb exhibiting a moderate 42.30 % inhibition, and sterile distilled water having a negligible effect of 0.24 %. The inhibition rate varied with concentration, peaking at 72.63 % at 0.15 g/mL and dropping to 54.80 % at 0.01 g/mL. In terms of wilt disease incidence and severity, EOPFB performed best, recording the lowest incidence of 47.20 % and severity of 15.58 %. Mancozeb followed closely, with an incidence of 46.30 % and severity of 26.23 %. Sterile distilled water, on the other hand, showed the highest incidence of 76.28 % and severity of 56.17 %. Molecular docking simulations corroborated the experimental results, validating the potency of EOPFB as an inhibitor of trypsin from <em>F. oxysporum</em>, and identifying 2-amino-5,6-dimethyl-3 H-pyrimidine-4-one as the primary active compound responsible for the fungicidal activity. This phytochemical, abundant in the crude ethanolic extract of EOPFB, was found to have a higher binding affinity (6.1 kcal/mol) than Mancozeb (4.8 kcal/mol), at the trypsin target. These findings demonstrate the potential of EOPFB, an agricultural waste product, as a sustainable and eco-friendly solution for managing tomato Fusarium wilt disease, contributing to increased tomato production. It also highlights the potential of 2-amino-5,6-dimethyl-3 H-pyrimidine-4-one as a lead compound for the development of novel, natural fungicides, and underscores the value of EOPFB as a rich source of bioactive compounds with agricultural and biotechnological applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100095"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277307862400030X/pdfft?md5=d2fe57967ed5b5f11a68980d743456b7&pid=1-s2.0-S277307862400030X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142271653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungal endophytes: A study on molecular taxonomy, nanoformulation, biophysical characterization and entomopathogenicity against insect pests of tropical timber trees In India","authors":"Natchiappan Senthilkumar,&nbsp;Sumathi Ramasamy,&nbsp;Suresh Babu Devaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Forest cover of India aims to increase thirty three per cent by 2030 through planting trees outside forests boundaries, cultivating and breeding in private farmer’s wastelands. Despite efforts to boost greenery, approximately one million hectares of forest area are lost annually to insect pests, underscoring the need for effective pest management. Synthetic organic insecticides are widely used, with India accounting for 3 % of global pesticide usage, leading to environmental and health concerns. To address this, ecologically sound pest management strategies are imperative. Biological control, particularly using microorganisms, offers a promising approach. Endophytic fungi, found in commercially important tree species like Teak, Ailanthus, Red Sanders, and Gmelina, show potential for insect pest management. In this study, 112 endophytic fungi were isolated, with eight common across all species. Fourteen species, identified through molecular taxonomy, exhibit entomopathogenic properties, paving the way for the development of novel biopesticides.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100094"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773078624000293/pdfft?md5=c75eb92b1e7f41414cba6c0aaee1d461&pid=1-s2.0-S2773078624000293-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142097359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicidal, bactericidal, antioxidant, hypoglycemic effects and anti-proliferative activity of phyto-synthesized Ag-ZnO nanocomposites using Eranthemum roseum (Vahl) R.Br. leaf extract against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito vectors","authors":"Ramachandran Adhavan ,&nbsp;Kuppusamy Selvam ,&nbsp;Palanisamy Prakash ,&nbsp;Dharmaligam Kirubakaran ,&nbsp;Muthugounder Subaramanian Shivakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research is conducted using zinc doped silver nanocomposite on <em>Eranthemum roseum</em> leaf extract. <em>E. roseum</em> has its own medicinal properties due its bioactive compounds. Silver and Zinc also has its own medicinal properties due to its microbial properties. Our work is aimed to combine nanoparticles with plant extract to explore the medicinal properties. The synthesized Ag-ZnO NCs is characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDAX) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analysis. The XRD analysis confirms the crystal nature of the Ag-ZnO NCs. The average shape of the nanocomposite was obtained using SEM as spherical, EDAX analysis confirming the presence of Ag, Zn and Oxygen and TEM conforms the oval shape of nanoparticles Antibacterial activity shows highest level of activity against <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>B. subtilis</em>. DPPH Activity of Ag-ZnO NCs highest inhibition of 52.56 % while the ABTS analysis of Ag-ZnO NCs shows 54.28 %. Hypoglycemic activity α-amylase and α- glucosidase assay of Ag-ZnO NCs obtained good activity with maximum level of inhibition 63 % and 60 %. Anti-proliferative assay shows good activity against cancer causing cells in HepG2 human liver cancer line with 67.11 %. Larvicidal potential of Ag-ZnO NCs recorded good mortality rate against <em>Aedes aegypti</em> and <em>Culex quinquefasciatus.</em> This study confirms the maximum activity of Ag-ZnO NCs and acts as Larvicidal, Anti-proliferative, Antioxidant, Hypoglycemic agents.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100093"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773078624000281/pdfft?md5=97a8462a8fc7af039f2562c76998e00f&pid=1-s2.0-S2773078624000281-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actinobacteria mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Streptomyces diastaticus and their biological efficacy against human vector mosquitoes and agricultural insect pests","authors":"Manickam Kalpana ,&nbsp;Krishnan Raguvaran ,&nbsp;Thulasiraman Manimegalai ,&nbsp;Suresh Kalaivani ,&nbsp;Palanisamy Devapriya ,&nbsp;Rajan Maheswaran","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mosquitoes and agricultural insects were harmful to both public health and crops. Prolonged use of synthetic chemical pesticides for insect pest control was associated with resistance development and negative human and ecological effects. This study investigates the larvicidal activity of Ag-NPs produced using <em>Streptomyces diastaticus</em> against <em>Culex quinquefasciatus</em>, <em>Anopheles stephensi</em>, <em>Aedes aegypti</em>, <em>Spodoptera litura</em>, and <em>Plutella xylostella</em>. UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM-EDX, FT-IR, TEM, DLS, and Zeta potential analysis were used to characterize the biosynthesized Ag-NPs. The results showed that biosynthesized Ag-NPs were more toxic to, <em>A. stephensi</em>, <em>C. quinquefasciatus</em>, and <em>A. aegypti</em> with LC₅₀ values of 15.70, 11.10, and 17.53 µg/mL, respectively. Biosynthesized Ag-NPs exhibited the highest antifeedant effects against <em>S. litura</em> (88.73 %) and <em>P. xylostella</em> (92.36 %) at 50 µg/mL concentration. The mortality bioassay revealed considerable larvicidal activity against <em>S. litura</em> and <em>P. xylostella</em> larvae at greater doses of 50 µg/mL, 80.67 and 84.05 %, respectively. Morphogenetic variations were observed on treated larvae of <em>C. quinquefasciatus, A. aegypti, and A. stephensi, S. litura,</em> and <em>P. xylostella</em> with Ag-NPs. In the present investigation the impact of Ag-NPs on the antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx), the activity of each enzyme were dramatically increased with higher concentrations resulting in significant differences. The study also found that Ag-NPs inhibited the detoxifying enzyme (GST and AChE) activity of target organisms. The histological structure of the treated and untreated larvae revealed structural changes between the midgut epithelial cells. As a consequence of these findings, the <em>S. diastaticus</em>-mediated Ag-NPs serve as a possible, eco-friendly biopesticide and alternative to synthetic chemicals for the control of human vector mosquitoes and destructive arthropod insect pests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773078624000268/pdfft?md5=20964b29cb45e07565d3f03d61674643&pid=1-s2.0-S2773078624000268-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141844372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Rhizophus oryzae esterase-immobilized chitosan/carbon nanomaterials as sensing support for enzyme inhibition-based biosensor in the detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues on crops","authors":"M.F. Amir Hafiz ,&nbsp;Farah B. Ahmad ,&nbsp;M.H. Maziati Akmal","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of mobile biosensor would allow for cost-effective and rapid on-site detection of organophosphorus (OP) pesticide. Immobilizing enzyme on electrode would improve the sensitivity of biosensor due to the nature of its specific active site-binding. OP inhibition on esterase enzyme is used as the sensing mechanism of the biosensor. In this study, microbial esterase from <em>Rhizopus oryzae</em> (RoE) was immobilized into modified screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) for the fabrication of novel RoE/chitosan/nanomaterial-COOH/SPCE biosensor for the detection of methyl parathion, an OP pesticide. The first phase of this study aims to analyze biochemical characteristics of 1-naphthyl acetate (1-NA) hydrolysis by RoE and enzymatic inhibition of RoE by OP pesticide. RoE kinetic showed the best fit with Langmuir model with the highest linear regression (<em>R</em>² = 0.996). The inhibition of RoE by OP was shown to be linearly proportional to the enzyme activity (<em>R</em>² = 0.827). The second phase of this study aims to analyze electrochemical performance of RoE-immobilized biosensor. Various carbon-based sensing support nanomaterials (graphene nanoplatelets (GNP), graphite and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)) was functionalised by carboxyl (-COOH) group and screened, where all nanomaterials showed effective sensitivity towards detecting 0.01 ng/L methyl parathion pesticide. GNP-based biosensor exhibited the highest degree of inhibition (9.94 %) and better reproducibility after the first cycle. RoE/chitosan/GNP-COOH/SPCE biosensor is promising to be developed as cost-effective and highly sensitive biosensor for OP pesticide detection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277307862400027X/pdfft?md5=7c76a734a63fefa2bdce3b6b24901a8b&pid=1-s2.0-S277307862400027X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal activity of the ethyl acetate extracts from soil actinomycetes against tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)","authors":"M. Kabilan ,&nbsp;Prince Paul ,&nbsp;V. Duraipandiyan ,&nbsp;M. Muthupandi","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Actinomycetes are known to produce wide-spectrum of secondary metabolites which has a wide variety of biological activities including insecticidal property. <em>Spodoptera litura</em> is a serious pest that damage various commercial cash crops which directly affects the agricultural productivity. The present study is to isolate soil actinomycetes from the terrestrial soil samples collected from the eastern ghats and screened them with various biological screening methods. There were around 100 actinomycetes isolate were obtained using the serial dilution method. It was subjected to antimicrobial screening using streak method (data not shown) and identified active isolates. The most active seven isolates were identified and their secondary metabolites were extracted using ethyl acetate as solvent. All the seven isolates of ethlyacetae extracts were performed the ovicidal, larvicidal and pupicidal bioassays against agricultural insect pest <em>Spodoptera litura</em>. Based on the calculated LC50 values, the most effective crude extract was found to be <em>Streptomyces</em> Sp<strong>.</strong> ERI-TVM-055, ethyl acetate extract. It has exhibited 100 % ovicidal activity at lowest LC50 values of 2.3330 ppm and larvicidal activity was exhibited the 100 % at 25.423 ppm of LC50. It also, exhibited the 100 % pupicidal activity at LC50 of 6.273 ppm<em>.</em> Similarly, <em>Streptomyces</em> sp. ERI-TVM-057, ethyl acetate extract exhibited ovicidal activity against <em>S. litura</em> eggs at LC50 of 11.025 ppm. Over all tested all actinomycetes isolate, the most significant isolate is <em>Streptomyces</em> Sp<strong>.</strong> ERI-TVM-055. The most active extract subjected to GC-MS analysis and the major bio-active molecules were identified. Several compounds present in the crude extract by the study of GC-MS spectrum. The major compounds were identified as Benzene acetic acid (30.19 %) and Acetamide, N-(2- Phenylethyl) (68.37 %) for the insecticidal activity of the active actinomycetes. The present study concluded that <em>Streptomyces</em> Sp<strong>.</strong> ERI-TVM-055 ethyl acetate extract can be used as microbial pesticides as effective one against agricultural pest <em>S. litura</em> and it leads to identify the active molecules and safe the environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100090"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773078624000256/pdfft?md5=dc2cb74fc9903bb2304c15a328ab093f&pid=1-s2.0-S2773078624000256-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PyPI: An internet-enabled learning tool to boost learner motivation for crop protection","authors":"Yoshiyasu Takefuji","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Instructors are always interested in methods to activate learner incentives and motivation to increase learning effectiveness. This paper introduces the Python Package Index (PyPI) as a powerful tool to maximize learner incentives on software and presents an example of its application in agriculture and science. The more useful the PyPI application is, the more it will be downloaded worldwide, providing an external review for the learner, and strengthening their incentive. However, many existing tutorials on PyPI, including the official site, are not updated on the twine library for uploading files to the PyPI site. This paper presents an updated tutorial on using PyPI for counting disaggregated objects such as bugs and pests, and for software reproducibility validation via Code Ocean. Additionally, generative AI is introduced as an indispensable assistant for tasks such as understanding technical terms and providing solutions for encountered problems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773078624000244/pdfft?md5=d8bf16af3f845d5a10d0045d141391c1&pid=1-s2.0-S2773078624000244-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141692751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring chemical composition and insecticidal activities of Alpinia calcarata rhizome essential oil against three major storage insects","authors":"Pathikalayil R. Anuranj,&nbsp;Naduvilthara U. Visakh,&nbsp;Berin Pathrose,&nbsp;Shiela Betsy George","doi":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.napere.2024.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Alpinia calcarata</em> (Roscoe), generally recognized as snap ginger or lesser galangal of the Zingiberaceae family, undergoes widespread cultivation in tropical nations. It is characterized by its noteworthy pharmacological attributes, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antinociceptive, reproductive, anti-cancer, and gastro-protective effects. Many storage pests now resist traditional chemical pesticides. Transitioning to organic alternatives is a preferable and sustainable solution. This research investigates the insecticidal activity of essential oil from <em>A. calcarata</em> rhizomes, obtained via hydro-distillation. Chemical analysis was conducted, and the study assessed its toxicity and repellent effects on <em>Tribolium castaneum</em> (Herbst), <em>Lasioderma serricorne</em> (F.), and <em>Callosobruchus chinensis</em> (L)<em>.</em> A yield of 0.44 ± 0.02 % essential oil was obtained from dry rhizomes. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) characterization revealed the major chemical constituents as 1,8-cineole (25.71 %), ethyl iso-allocholate (16.01 %), and fenchyl acetate (15.15 %). The findings from the investigation into the pesticidal characteristics of essential oils derived from the rhizome of <em>A. calcarata</em> unveiled significant contact (LC₅₀ at 24 h was 10.9 mg/cm² for <em>T. castaneum</em>, 1.0 mg/cm² for <em>L. serricorne</em> and 0.5 mg/cm² for <em>C. chinensis</em>) and fumigant toxicity (LC₅₀ at 24 h was 4.05 mg/L air for <em>T. castaneum</em>, 1.75 mg/L air for <em>L. serricorne,</em> and 1.03 mg/L air for <em>C. chinensis</em>). The repellent efficacy was evaluated through an area preference test, revealing robust repellent activity at various concentrations. Undoubtedly, the essential oil extracted from the rhizome of <em>A. calcarata</em> is valuable and has the potential to be a safe, organic pesticide for controlling storage pests.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100809,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Natural Pesticide Research","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2773078624000232/pdfft?md5=a783047aac7fe8f2713818ac95ba3d1f&pid=1-s2.0-S2773078624000232-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141622397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}