Journal of Environmental Medicine最新文献_第7页

Early lead exposure affects auditory temporal processing in chicks 早期铅暴露会影响雏鸡的听觉时间加工

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<87::AID-JEM14>3.0.CO;2-Z

L. Gray, A. Holian

引用次数: 9

The magnitude, persistence and public health significance of cognitive effects of environmental lead exposure in childhood 儿童环境铅暴露对认知影响的程度、持久性和公共卫生意义

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<103::AID-JEM15>3.0.CO;2-S

S. Tong, A. Mcmichael

{"title":"The magnitude, persistence and public health significance of cognitive effects of environmental lead exposure in childhood","authors":"S. Tong, A. Mcmichael","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<103::AID-JEM15>3.0.CO;2-S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<103::AID-JEM15>3.0.CO;2-S","url":null,"abstract":"Although much research has been done on the effects of lead exposure on cognitive development, the magnitude, persistence and public health implications of such effects remain controversial. A literature search, in conjunction with our own work, was conducted to review these issues. Currently available evidence suggests that early exposure to environmental lead may cause a discernible effect on cognitive development, and this effect seems to persist into later childhood. No threshold is evident down to a blood lead concentration of 5 μg dl−1, although there is a paucity of epidemiological data at these lower levels. An economic loss could be serious for children exposed to an excess of lead in their environment. The environmental lead problem is preventable, or, where it is already established, is remediable. It should therefore be addressed, especially in developing countries where rapid industrialisation and increased use of motor vehicles are occurring. There is clear evidence that excessive lead exposure is still a significant public health issue in most countries, particularly developing countries. The formulation of a public health strategy should seek a balance between consideration of the nature and extent of the risk to human population health, knowledge of any dose-effect threshold, estimation of socio-environmental benefits, and commitment to making the best use of existing resources. The development of such a strategy should take into account the views and priorities of all interested parties, and—most certainly—those of communities directly at risk from lead exposure. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"41 1","pages":"103-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74844353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Noninvasive methods in environmental medicine – biomonitoring 环境医学中的无创方法。生物监测

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<65::AID-JEM19>3.0.CO;2-S

U. Rolle-Kampczyk, O. Herbarth, M. Rehwagen

{"title":"Noninvasive methods in environmental medicine – biomonitoring","authors":"U. Rolle-Kampczyk, O. Herbarth, M. Rehwagen","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<65::AID-JEM19>3.0.CO;2-S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<65::AID-JEM19>3.0.CO;2-S","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of biomonitoring comprises the one-off or repeated systemic measurement of concentrations of hazardous substances and their metabolites in biological materials. If the materials are from a human biological source, the concept of human-biomonitoring is usual. In contrast to determining exposure to the human environment (e.g. air quality, food contamination), biomonitoring has the advantage of reflecting the actual, individual exposure of a human organism (e.g. in the form of biomarker). This enables an individual health risk concerning systemic effects to be better described than by solely measuring exposure. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Benzene and toluene are volatile organic compounds (VOC). Their ubiquity means they are found in all indoor air. Due to their toxic potential (benzene—carcinogenic, toluene—neurotoxic) and the quantities in which toluene is found, sometimes actual exposure to toluene must be measured. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000One way is to test urine for specific metabolites to monitor the internal burden and dosage. S-phenyl- and S-benzylmercapturic acid (SPMA and SBMA) were selected and their concentrations determined in urine samples from Leipzig children. The results were correlated with the benzene and toluene concentrations of indoor air. Whereas a correlation was found between benzene and SPMA, no connection was established between toluene and SBMA. One of the next targets is to find a correlation between the measuring results and information concerning ailments given in response to questionnaires on the children’s health. >>Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"33 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81256963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Air pollution and pediatric respiratory hospital admissions in São Paulo, Brazil 巴西圣保罗的空气污染和儿科呼吸系统医院的入院率

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<95::AID-JEM16>3.0.CO;2-S

A. Braga, G. Conceição, L. Pereira, H. Kishi, J. Pereira, M. Andrade, F. Gonçalves, P. Saldiva, M. Latorre

{"title":"Air pollution and pediatric respiratory hospital admissions in São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"A. Braga, G. Conceição, L. Pereira, H. Kishi, J. Pereira, M. Andrade, F. Gonçalves, P. Saldiva, M. Latorre","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<95::AID-JEM16>3.0.CO;2-S","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<95::AID-JEM16>3.0.CO;2-S","url":null,"abstract":"In order to investigate the relation between air pollution and child morbidity in Sao Paulo, a time-series study was carried out. Daily records of hospital admissions for children under 13 years old were obtained at the Health State Secretary, covering 112 hospitals in the period from October 1992 to October 1993. Daily levels of PM10, ozone, SO2, CO and NO2 were obtained from the environmental state agency (CETESB), while both CETESB and the Institute of Astronomy and Geophysics (IAG) of the University of Sao Paulo provided daily measures of temperature and relative humidity. Daily counts of child respiratory admissions (RESP) were considered as the dependent variable of pollutants in regression models, controlled for months of the year, days of the week, weather factors, and the daily number of non respiratory admissions (NORESP). PM10 and ozone were the pollutants that exhibited the most robust association with RESP. The mean levels of PM10observed during the period of study (70 μg m−3) were associated with an increase of 12% in RESP. The association between air pollution and RESP was significant within a time lag between 1 to 7 days and was dose-dependent. This result indicates that air pollution represents a significant pediatric health problem in Sao Paulo. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"54 1","pages":"95-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80280564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 87

Short-term effect of exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM10) on the respiratory function of urban asthmatic and control adults 暴露于悬浮颗粒物(PM10)对城市哮喘和对照成人呼吸功能的短期影响

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<71::AID-JEM13>3.0.CO;2-A

S. Gauvin, D. Zmirou, I. Pin, J. Quentin, F. Balducci, C. Boudet, D. Poizeau, C. Brambilla

{"title":"Short-term effect of exposure to suspended particulate matter (PM10) on the respiratory function of urban asthmatic and control adults","authors":"S. Gauvin, D. Zmirou, I. Pin, J. Quentin, F. Balducci, C. Boudet, D. Poizeau, C. Brambilla","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<71::AID-JEM13>3.0.CO;2-A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<71::AID-JEM13>3.0.CO;2-A","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to assess the effects of PM10 daily concentrations in urban ambient air on bronchial reactivity and on two indices of respiratory function (FEV1 and PEF) of healthy control (n = 20) and of mild asthmatic adults (n = 20). The study took place over two periods of a month and a half, during summer 1996 and winter 1997. Each volunteer underwent two methacholine challenge tests, one during a weekday, the other early on the next Monday morning, after a weekend of lower exposure. They also monitored their FEV1 and PEF twice daily with an electronic peak flow meter. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The respiratory function decreased among asthmatic subjects a few days after daily PM10 levels had increased (−1.25% for FEV1, 95% CI = [−0.58, −1.92]; and −0.87% for PEF [−0.1, −1.63], for a daily 10 μg m−3 variation of PM10 in summer; −0.25% [−0.51, 0.02] for FEV1 only in winter). No association between daily variations of respiratory function and PM10 was observed among control subjects. Bronchial reactivity was not significantly different between the two days of methacholine tests among asthmatic and control subjects, either in summer or in winter. This study confirms the greater sensitivity of asthmatic adults, compared with healthy subjects, to short-term variations of ambient air concentrations of particles. However, bronchial reactivity is not modified by small short-term variations of particulate pollution among mild asthmatics or healthy subjects. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"163 1","pages":"71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76893370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Age‐dependent differences of neurobehavioural function among workers exposed to aluminium 接触铝的工人神经行为功能的年龄依赖性差异

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-04-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<81::AID-JEM17>3.0.CO;2-W

G. Guo, Hui-ing Ma, Xinshi Wang, You-xin Liang

{"title":"Age‐dependent differences of neurobehavioural function among workers exposed to aluminium","authors":"G. Guo, Hui-ing Ma, Xinshi Wang, You-xin Liang","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<81::AID-JEM17>3.0.CO;2-W","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<81::AID-JEM17>3.0.CO;2-W","url":null,"abstract":"In order to clarify the neurobehavioural effects of aluminium and age-dependent differences among occupationally aluminium (Al) exposed workers, 103 Al-exposed and 64 non-exposed workers aged 25–60 years were selected to be involved in the study using the WHO recommended Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB). The air concentration of aluminium at work sites and the level of urinary aluminium were measured. The results obtained from this study showed that the mean concentration of air aluminium was up to 5.31 mg m−3, and the level of urinary aluminium among Al-exposed workers appeared significantly higher than that of controls. The scores of digit span in the younger age group, digit symbol in the middle age, and pursuit aiming in the older age of Al-exposed workers were markedly lower than in the non-exposed workers at the corresponding age ranges. Obvious changes of mood were observed in elderly Al-exposed workers, but no significant differences between younger Al-exposed and non-exposed workers was found. The results indicate that occupational aluminium exposure might interfere with normal behavioural function. The effects seemed to be age-dependent. Younger workers showed memory disturbances and the elderly appeared to be affected for mood and motor activities. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"81-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76781388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Interlaboratory comparisons of red blood cell cholinesterase activity 红细胞胆碱酯酶活性的实验室间比较

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<19::AID-JEM9>3.0.CO;2-Z

Stephen N. Kales, Gerry N. Polyhronopoulos, Jon M. Aldrich, Evangelos A. Dimitriadis, David C. Christiani

{"title":"Interlaboratory comparisons of red blood cell cholinesterase activity","authors":"Stephen N. Kales, Gerry N. Polyhronopoulos, Jon M. Aldrich, Evangelos A. Dimitriadis, David C. Christiani","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<19::AID-JEM9>3.0.CO;2-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<19::AID-JEM9>3.0.CO;2-Z","url":null,"abstract":"Comparisons of red blood cell cholinesterase values (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) from different laboratories can be difficult. This study evaluated different methods of interlaboratory comparison. Eleven subjects gave triplicate samples for analysis by three commercial laboratories. Comparisons were made relative to the mid-point of each laboratory’s reference range (mid-range), and by transformation to Ellman assay activity in U/mL using published/derived conversion factors. To observe each laboratory’s reliability, four subjects submitted two additional duplicate samples to each laboratory. The mean intraspecimen variabilities were 3%, range 1%–8%; 4%, range 0–9%; and 13%, range 2%–24% for laboratories 1–3, respectively. The mean mid-range percent for laboratory 3 was substantially lower than the means for laboratories 1 and 2. Therefore, laboratory 3 values were adjusted based on the means for laboratories 1 and 2 and the mid-point suggested by laboratory 3’s assay kit. The mean AChE relative to these mid-points were 109%, 107%, and 107% for laboratories 1–3, respectively. Ellman activities were 19.0, 19.9 and 20.8 U/mL for laboratories 1–3, respectively. Intrasubject differences for both comparison methods showed agreement that approximated intraspecimen variabilities for each laboratory. Comparisons involving laboratory 3 showed the poorest agreement consistent with laboratory 3’s greater intraspecimen variation. AChE from different laboratories can be compared by both methods evaluated in this study. All comparisons are limited by the precision and reliability of the laboratories involved. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"19-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72159483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

DNA damage and intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species by allyl isothiocyanate in Escherichia coli 异硫氰酸烯丙酯对大肠杆菌DNA的损伤及细胞内活性氧的产生

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<27::AID-JEM8>3.0.CO;2-6

Yusuke Yonezawa, Katsuhiro Nishikawa, Hajime Nishioka

引用次数: 6

Ambient mineral particles in the small airways of the normal human lung 正常人肺小气道中的环境矿物颗粒

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<39::AID-JEM6>3.0.CO;2-5

A. Churg, M. Brauer, S. Vedal, B. Stevens

引用次数: 24

Contact sensitization in fruit farmers 果农的接触敏感性

Journal of Environmental Medicine Pub Date : 1999-01-01 DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<51::AID-JEM10>3.0.CO;2-3

Pietro Sartorelli, Franco Carboncini, Francesco Murdaca, Maria T. Novelli, Daniela Orsi, Rossana Mancini

{"title":"Contact sensitization in fruit farmers","authors":"Pietro Sartorelli, Franco Carboncini, Francesco Murdaca, Maria T. Novelli, Daniela Orsi, Rossana Mancini","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<51::AID-JEM10>3.0.CO;2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<51::AID-JEM10>3.0.CO;2-3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of sensitization and contact dermatitis in a population of Italian farmers and the importance of pesticides as skin sensitizers. Sixty-four female worker (mean age 35) employed in the harvesting of cherries, peaches, olives and grapes were studied. Skin diseases were assessed with a questionnaire and physical examination. The farm workers were patch tested with the GIRDCA standard series containing 30 allergens and six pesticides currently used on the farm. 18 workers (28%) were sensitized to one or more allergens. 36 subjects (52%) were found to be atopic and three (4.7%) had dermatitis of the hands with positive reactions to the GIRDCA standard series. Differences in contact sensitization betweeen atopic and non atopic patients were not statistically significant (χ2 test). One worker had contact urticaria to peaches and 36 farmers (52%) referred to itching and skin rashes in summer, during the harvesting of peaches. Only 18 workers reported that they almost always wore protective clothing. Despite the high frequency of positive patch tests, contact sensitization to pesticides was unusual in our group. No cases of allergic contact dermatitis to pesticides were found and only one patient who was symptomless (1.5%) had an allergic reaction to pesticides (azinphos-methyl). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"51-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72159479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3