Journal of Environmental Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Noninvasive diagnostic methods in environmental medicine: effect monitoring using stable isotopes","authors":"P. Krumbiegel, O. Herbarth","doi":"10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<113::AID-JEM26>3.0.CO;2-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<113::AID-JEM26>3.0.CO;2-8","url":null,"abstract":"Experience of using two stable-isotope-based effect biomarkers is briefly reviewed. New in vivo methods were developed, adopted, validated and used in an effort to meet the desired standards for early effect monitoring methods in environmental medicine and epidemiology, i.e. they should be noninvasive, non-distressing, simple and readily accepted by voluntary test persons, as well as very sensitive and reliable. Certain tests based on stable isotopes may fulfill these requirements. The specific advantages of using stable isotopes are the minimization of the diagnostic drug dose, and the unequivocal recovery of the labelled diagnostic compound and its metabolites from among their unlabelled endogenous forms in the body. Particular interest is focused on: (1) The measurement of liver detoxification capacity using the [13C]methacetin breath test and the [15N]methacetin urine test; (2) The estimation of antral Helicobacter pylori colonization using the [13C]urea breath test and the [15N]urea urine test. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The methods were used in a number of environmental–epidemiological studies with defined groups of children, including: Preschool children (n = 130) living near disused industrial plants and waste dumps (methacetin tests); School beginners (n = 3347) suspected of H. pylori colonization (urea tests). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Although both tests provided accurate results in the studies and individual environmental–medical diagnosis, it was found that 13C breath test results were less reliable than the corresponding 15N urine test results if the test person was physically active during the test period. Therefore, 15N urine tests should be preferred whenever monitoring investigations based on stable isotopes are undertaken among young children. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"44 1","pages":"113-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80640055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health effects of photochemical smog: seasonal and acute lung function change in outdoor workers","authors":"M. Brauer, S. Vedal","doi":"10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<163::AID-JEM27>3.0.CO;2-R","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<163::AID-JEM27>3.0.CO;2-R","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated effects of summer air pollution exposure on outdoor workers in the Fraser Valley, Canada. Fifty farm workers performed spirometry daily before and after each 12–16 h workday from 1 July to 18 August 1994. The mean daily maximum (1 h) ambient ozone concentration was 39 ppb (range 10–89 ppb) and the mean daily maximum 8 h average ozone concentration was 31 ppb (range 5–66 ppb). PM10 concentrations were low (mean 24 h average 16 μg m−3, range 6–30 μg m−3) and highly correlated with ozone. Due to the high level of correlation between ozone, temperature and PM10 it was not possible to separately analyse the effect of each of these variables on lung function. In regression models including daily maximum ozone (an indicator of photochemical smog), an individual's mean lung function level and the Julian date, decreased afternoon FEV1 and FVC, and the daily change (afternoon–morning) corrected for the morning measurement, were associated with ozone. These associations were still apparent the following morning, suggesting a persistent air pollution effect. These results reproduce our earlier finding of persistent lung function decrements in farm workers in the Fraser Valley associated with relatively low concentrations of ambient air pollution. In the subset of 12 individuals who participated in both studies, there was no correlation in individual responses to ozone between the two study periods. During both summer studies we observed a marked seasonal decline in lung function, although lung function levels improved to initial values between the two studies, suggesting a reversible seasonal effect of ozone on lung function. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"14 8 1","pages":"163-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76536640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural rubber latex-specific IgE antibodies in non-healthcare workers: comparison of two FDA-clearedin vitro kits","authors":"R. Biagini, B. Mackenzie, T. Bledsoe, D. Lewis, L. Pinkerton","doi":"10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<147::AID-JEM25>3.0.CO;2-Z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<147::AID-JEM25>3.0.CO;2-Z","url":null,"abstract":"Latex-specific IgE antibody immunoassays are heavily relied upon in the diagnosis of latex allergy in the United States. The goal of this study is to compare anti-latex IgE levels measured by two U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared kits (CAP® System and AlaSTAT® Microplate) in sera obtained from employees in non-healthcare industries. Sera were obtained from 381 workers employed in several, non-healthcare industries over the past 10 years, and stored frozen. All 381 coded sera were analysed for latex-specific IgE using the Diagnostic Products Corporation microplate AlaSTAT® and the Pharmacia-UpJohn CAP® System. Concordance between methods and intra- and inter-assay reproducibility were evaluated. Twenty-six sera gave positive results using the AlaSTAT® assay (26/381, 6.82%), while 24 yielded CAP® positive results (6.30%). There were no significant differences (p = NS) between the assays' measurements of latex-specific IgE antibody levels for all 381 sera, yielding 0.28 ± 0.19 kU L−1 and 0.34 ± 0.59 kUA L−1, respectively. AlaSTAT® and CAP® assays agreed on the positive status of 9 (9/381, 2.4%) sera, and the negative status of 340 sera (340/381, 89.2%). The assays yielded discordant results on some individual sera. CAP® discordant results occurred in 17/26 sera (65.4%) of AlaSTAT® positive sera, while AlaSTAT® discordant results were found in 15/24 (57.7%) of the CAP® positive sera. The CAP® System, for instance, detected 0.39–2.3 kUA l−1 (1.03 ± 0.59, [mean ± SD]) of latex-specific IgE in the serum from 15 individuals that were all AlaSTAT® negative. In contrast, the AlaSTAT® detected 0.36–1.6 kU l−1 (0.62 ± 0.31, [mean ± SD]) of IgE anti-latex in the serum from 17 subjects that were all CAP® negative. These data indicate that the a priori seroprevalence of latex-specific sera IgE is about 6%–7% in non-healthcare workers and that the CAP® and AlaSTAT® assays agree on the positive or negative status of the majority of sera (91.6%). However, caution should be exercised when applying FDA-cleared in vitro assays for latex-specific sera IgE in populations known to have potentially low concentrations of latex-specific IgE antibodies, as there appears to be a finite possibility for these assays to misclassify sera as being positive or negative for latex-specific IgE antibodies. Published in 1999 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"07 1","pages":"147-151"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86019321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromium urine concentration and effects on lymphocyte subpopulations in children","authors":"W. Karmaus, Suiying Huang, N. Osius, T. Nebe","doi":"10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<153::AID-JEM29>3.0.CO;2-O","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<153::AID-JEM29>3.0.CO;2-O","url":null,"abstract":"We conducted an epidemiological study on exposure to a toxic waste incineration plant that focused on heavy metals and organochlorines and their potential health effect. In this paper we concentrate on whether chromium urine concentration (CrU) in 24 h urine samples was associated with changes in the number of lymphocytes in blood samples. The potential confounding effects of age, gender, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), blood lead, blood mercury and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blood, as well as the concentration of mercury, cadmium and arsenic in 24 h urine samples were controlled for. The numbers of total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, natural killer cells, CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic T cells were determined with fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). CrU was categorized into four groups: below detection limit (0.08 μg l−1); detection limit to 0.13 μg l−1; 0.14–0.22 μg l−1; 0.24 μg l−1 and above. The groups were analysed as predictors of different lymphocyte subpopulations in separate multiple linear regression models adjusted for potential confounders (age, gender, passive smoking, PCB, lead and mercury in whole blood, arsenic, cadmium, mercury in 24 h urine). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000CrU, lymphocyte counts and information on questionnaire data were available for 315 children, aged 7–10 years. We found a statistically significant negative association between the CrU groups and the total T cell count, T-helper (CD4) cell count, absolute number of CD4+CD25+ helper T cells, and CD4+CD45RO+ memory T helper cells. No association was found for CrU groups and white blood cell, total lymphocyte, natural killer cell and B cell counts. With the exception of ETS and blood lead level, no other predictor was of importance for the lymphocytes. The rank correlation suggested a reduction in the number of infections when chromium was increased, even though the cause and effect relationship was not clear. The results illustrated a possible effect of chromium on T-lymphocytes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"153-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81465196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of building dampness and type of building on eye, nose and throat symptoms in Swedish hospitals","authors":"K. Nordström, D. Norbäck, G. Wieslander, R. Wålinder","doi":"10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<127::AID-JEM21>3.0.CO;2-G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<127::AID-JEM21>3.0.CO;2-G","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of building dampness and type of building on eye, nose and throat symptoms in Swedish hospitals","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74370218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational acute poisonings with methomyl: role of dermal exposure and need for preventive measures","authors":"F. Testud, A. D. Larquier, J. Descotes","doi":"10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<137::AID-JEM23>3.0.CO;2-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1301(199907/09)1:3<137::AID-JEM23>3.0.CO;2-7","url":null,"abstract":"Methomyl, a potent anticholinesterase carbamate insecticide, is markedly toxic in man following suicidal ingestion. Thirteen cases of acute field-poisonings in rural workers after spraying methomyl reported to the Lyon Poison Centre demonstrate that poisoning can occur following occupational exposure. In this setting, the cutaneous route is critical. Although recovery was obtained uneventfully within 48 h in all cases, preventive measures are essential to avoid accidental poisonings. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"120 4 1","pages":"137-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76254904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon monoxide: The unnoticed poison of the 21st century","authors":"C Pulce,&nbsp;J Descotes","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<57::AID-JEM2>3.0.CO;2-L","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<57::AID-JEM2>3.0.CO;2-L","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72159482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Skin barrier repair after contact burns. electrometric evaluation using the passive sustainable hydration test","authors":"I. Van Cromphaut,&nbsp;I. Fumal,&nbsp;D. Jacquemin,&nbsp;J. Fissette,&nbsp;G.E. Piérard","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<47::AID-JEM1>3.0.CO;2-P","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<47::AID-JEM1>3.0.CO;2-P","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Corrosive compounds and burns destroy the skin barrier function. Little is known about the dynamics of repair of this function during the healing process. The passive sustainable hydration test was performed as a non-invasive approach to measure water loss through the skin using electrometric evaluations under continuous occlusion by the sensor probe. Evaluations were made in 10 patients suffering from recent second- and third-degree contact burns. Skin sites corresponding to burned and unburned areas, and to healing sites following grafts or not were compared. The data show that the skin barrier function improves progressively and often irregularly after contact burn, and may remain altered for more than 2 months after epithelialisation. Therefore, maturation of the stratum corneum appears to be a slow process. The consequences of this during the healing phase following contact burns are twofold: the resistance of the water barrier remains impaired and the risk of transcutaneous penetration of various xenobiotics including toxic products is increased. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.</p>","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72159481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why the Journal of Environmental Medicine?","authors":"Jacques Descotes,&nbsp;Marc Schenker","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<1::AID-JEM11>3.0.CO;2-J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199901/03)1:1<1::AID-JEM11>3.0.CO;2-J","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72159493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Studies of lead on the micro and macro scales","authors":"M. Gochfeld","doi":"10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<63::AID-JEM18>3.0.CO;2-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1301(199904/06)1:2<63::AID-JEM18>3.0.CO;2-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100780,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Environmental Medicine","volume":"58 6 1","pages":"63-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77313626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}