Henk Jan Reinders , Dirk Schoenmaker , Mathijs van Dijk
{"title":"Climate risk stress testing: A critical survey and classification","authors":"Henk Jan Reinders , Dirk Schoenmaker , Mathijs van Dijk","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2025.100061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2025.100061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conceptually investigate Climate Risk Stress Testing (CRST) exercises to assess the impact of climate-related shocks on financial system stability. We distinguish between climate, economic, and financial modeling steps, and classify CRST exercises into six types of climate shocks and four different approaches (macro-financial, micro-financial, non-structural, and disaster risk). We identify several key limitations in current CRST approaches: (i) neglect of certain climate shock types (Green Swan and Minsky-type events); (ii) overreliance on macro models (with low sectoral and spatial granularity); (iii) incomplete modeling (lack of feedback effects); and (iv) limited scope (subset of causal channels and asset classes). We argue that these limitations may lead to significant underestimation of potential system-wide financial losses and offer suggestions for improving CRST approaches. They have also led CRST exercises to diverge from the traditional stress testing objective of capital adequacy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abenezer Zeleke Aklilu , Rebecca Swärd , Katarina Elofsson
{"title":"The role of cost-effectiveness in multisector climate investment programs: The Swedish Climate Leap","authors":"Abenezer Zeleke Aklilu , Rebecca Swärd , Katarina Elofsson","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To increase the speed of implementation of carbon mitigation technologies, many countries set up publicly funded investment programs, where private and/or public entities can apply for support. These schemes are often criticized for not being cost-effective. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Swedish Climate Leap Program, which differs from most other programs through the multisector approach. We examine determinants of project approval and evaluate the heterogeneity in implicit carbon pricing across sectors. Several econometric methods are used to assess equality in carbon pricing. Results show that although the cost-effectiveness ratio plays an important role in project approval, carbon pricing differs significantly across project types. Project guidelines favor charging stations and transport measures that aid in adopting new technology and reaching economies of scale. However, the preference for transport measures is not reflected in the carbon pricing while instead energy conversion measures have a higher probability of being funded given the cost-effectiveness of the investment. Funding decisions favor densely populated municipalities, which could be motivated for investments in public goods, but is questionable for transport and housing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bridging the green gap: Unveiling the complex interplay of national cultural dimensions, management effectiveness and corruption in driving green innovations","authors":"Wan Masliza Wan Mohammad , Ennie Salina Roseli","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objective of this research is to investigate the relationship between national culture, management score, corruption, and its implication on firms’ green innovation. This paper analyses 2588 firm year data using panel corrected standard errors (PCSE), two stage least regression (2SLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). This paper also conducts quantile regressions and propensity score matching (probit regression) for the effect of national cultures on country’s corruption. Our initial observation found that national culture of long-term orientation is positively associated with green innovation. But in contrast to earlier findings, green innovation is negatively associated with individualism and indulgence. Nonetheless, when management score is used as a moderating variable for long term orientation national culture, a negative observation is made, likely due to restrictive regulatory compliance, conflict of interest or even inconsistent ideas amongst the management and the employees during the long-term execution of the project.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142533620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhang-Hangjian Chen , Huixiang An , Xiang Gao , Kees G. Koedijk , Yaping Xu
{"title":"Regional dependence and contagion structure of carbon tail risk","authors":"Zhang-Hangjian Chen , Huixiang An , Xiang Gao , Kees G. Koedijk , Yaping Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The stability of carbon market development is pivotal for reducing climate risk, maintaining the \"double-carbon\" route, and ultimately achieving a low-carbon economy target. The most likely factors that jeopardize such a stable trend are extreme contagious events. Therefore, we employ a copula-CoVaR model to evaluate tail risk spillovers among four Chinese regional carbon markets. The empirical results show a prominent bidirectional contagion structure among the Hubei, Shanghai, and Guangdong markets. The Shenzhen carbon market displays slight risk spillover to Guangdong and a one-way risk acceptance effect on other markets. Overall, Hubei and Shenzhen are risk spillover markets, while Shanghai and Guangdong are risk absorption markets. Moreover, we discover no distinctions between the conditional and unconditional values at risk in a regional setup. These findings have regulatory implications that may help effectively mitigate carbon tail risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesco Cusano, Danilo Liberati, Stefano Piermattei, Lorenzo Rubeo
{"title":"A first analysis on the green securitizations in Italy","authors":"Francesco Cusano, Danilo Liberati, Stefano Piermattei, Lorenzo Rubeo","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper represents one of the first empirical analyses of the market for green securitizations in Italy. Green securitizations are financial instruments for which there are currently no universally accepted definitions or standard methodologies to identify them. We thus discuss possible definitions and limitations in identifying these instruments. To overcome practical constraints, we argue that, for the time being, a feasible way is to label a securitization as ‘green’ based on the assessment of the sustainability of the economic activity of the borrower of the underlying securitized loans. We also describe the main characteristics of the market for green securitizations originated by banks in Italy during the decade 2010–19. Empirical and econometric analysis show that banks’ securitized loans to ‘brown’ (less sustainable) economic activities grew much more rapidly than those to ‘green’ ones suggesting that banks preferred to keep loans to ‘green’ activities in their balance sheets and to derecognize loans to ‘brown’ ones. Finally, we show that the usual indexes of carbon content of Italian banks’ loans overestimate the amount of financed emissions if they do not take banks’ securitizations into account.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The impact of climate risks on insurers’ profitability: Evidence from China","authors":"Jiayan Chen , Renwen Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, increasing climate risks have caused serious damage to global socio-economic activities and financial stability. Based on this, this paper empirically explores the impact of climate risk on insurers’ profitability based on the data of 197 insurance companies in China from 2010 to 2021. The empirical findings are as follows: firstly, both physical risk and transition risk significantly reduce insurers’ profitability. Secondly, physical risk reduces insurers’ profitability mainly by increasing reinsurance rates. The government's climate protection performance mitigates the negative effects of transition risk. Finally, small and Property & Casualty insurers exhibit greater vulnerability to the shocks of physical risk, while the shocks of transition risk are more pronounced for large and life insurers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Konstantinos A. Dimitriadis , Demetris Koursaros, Christos S. Savva
{"title":"The influence of the ‛environmentally-friendly’ character through asymmetries on market crash price of risk in major stock sectors","authors":"Konstantinos A. Dimitriadis , Demetris Koursaros, Christos S. Savva","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the impact that the ‛green character’ of stocks generates on their market price of risk. The study covers a spectrum of international large-cap stocks in influential sectors since 1 January 2013 up to 5 July 2022. Focusing on the asymmetric and shape features of price risk, econometric outcomes reveal that well-established (Industrials) or highly profitable (Technology) sectors are less affected by the skewness/kurtosis price of risk or the ‛environmentally-friendly’ features. On the contrary, sectors vulnerable to alterations in income or wealth, such as Financials and Real Estate are more sizably influenced by negative asymmetry, kurtosis, and the higher volatility in bear markets. The ‛green character’ lowers the market price of stocks, increases risk premia due to higher probability for downwards movements and renders investors more risk-averse and nevertheless, this impact only reflects the initial period of green innovation with high anti-polluting costs as the green label could prove to be greatly beneficial in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who cares about ESG?","authors":"Matthias Pelster , Matthias Horn , Andreas Oehler","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigate the ESG-related social media and trading activities of a large sample of retail investors. We find that after COP21, investors significantly increased both their ESG-related social media activities and their ESG investments. The increase in portfolios’ ESG ratings correlates with climate change concerns expressed in the media. Overall, posts with ESG content receive more likes, and investors who post about ESG also have portfolios with a higher investment-weighted ESG rating. We do not find evidence of investors’ outperformance or underperformance with an emphasis on stocks with high ESG ratings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949728024000154/pdfft?md5=ede29f217d67068478b42902208e69d1&pid=1-s2.0-S2949728024000154-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manel Kammoun , Djerry C. Tandja M , Naceur Essaddam
{"title":"Do policy uncertainty and ESG sentiment drive ESG commitment of green funds?","authors":"Manel Kammoun , Djerry C. Tandja M , Naceur Essaddam","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we examine the effect of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and environmental, social and governance (ESG) sentiment on the motivation of green funds (GFs) to pursue ESG objectives. We use data on US mutual funds that market themselves as having socially responsible investment (SRI) mandates (hereafter green funds) and find that managers increase their ESG practices in the subsequent year when EPU or investor’s attention to ESG issue rise. Interestingly, this pattern remains unchanged during crisis period (Covid-19 pandemic), although the marginal effect is much more lower. Our results show also that higher performance (alphas) decreases the ESG commitment of green funds in the subsequent year. Our findings suggest that policy uncertainty and ESG sentiment affect the motivations of green funds to pursue ESG objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100044"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141324463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Firms’ voluntary climate action disclosures and stock market reaction: A BERT-based analysis of earnings conference calls in China","authors":"Mengxin Shao, Minggao Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jclimf.2024.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate information disclosure plays a pivotal role in fostering sustainable practices and enhancing transparency in climate risk. However, it is unclear whether firms’ voluntary climate-related disclosures effectively convey incremental information to investors. In the empirical context of Chinese listed firms, we explore the valuation effect of firms’ voluntary climate action disclosures, which is quantified from the transcripts of earning conference calls using a novel natural language model, BERT. Our results reveal that firms with more voluntary climate action disclosures experience more positive stock market reactions, indicating that investors value transparency on corporate commitment to future climate actions. The positive valuation effect of disclosures tends to be more pronounced in firms with higher disclosure quality, more green-preference investors, and higher investor attention. Moreover, we find that the positive valuation effect is achieved through enhancing corporate reputation and investor confidence. We further show that firms’ voluntary climate action disclosures exhibit a significant positive correlation with green innovations and environmental pillar scores, dispelling concerns of mere “greenwashing”. Overall, our evidence contributes to understanding the role of climate disclosures in investor assessment of firms’ climate risks and opportunities. The findings provides fresh insights for policymakers and regulatory bodies involved in shaping disclosure frameworks that promote sustainable business practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100763,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Climate Finance","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141714225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}