Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-10-01Epub Date: 2025-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.002
Subhajit Hazra, Kundan Singh Bora
{"title":"Capitalization of digital healthcare: The cornerstone of emerging medical practices","authors":"Subhajit Hazra, Kundan Singh Bora","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The digital healthcare sector in India is rapidly transforming, driven by strategic government initiatives and technological advancements. In 2020, the market was valued at approximately $1.5 billion and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of ∼25% over the next five years.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The study employed a descriptive and analytical approach, reviewing existing literature and data on the applications and implications of AI, mHealth, and GIS technologies in healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The article highlighted the rapid growth of India's digital health market, driven by the adoption of telemedicine, mobile health, and electronic health records, alongside increased investments and internet penetration. Additionally, it also raised concerns about bias, transparency, and accountability in these technologies, urging the development of robust digital infrastructure, including Digital Health IDs, Health Facility Registries, and Healthcare Professionals Registries, as well as policy changes like the effective implementation of Personal Data Protection Bill and updates to the Information Technology Act.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>India's healthcare market is at a critical juncture, where effective management of the ongoing digital transformation can vastly improve access and outcomes for millions. By tackling current challenges and embracing technological advancements, India could set a global standard in digital healthcare, ensuring equitable, high-quality care for all citizens, regardless of location or socio-economic status. The vision of a fully integrated digital healthcare system is not just possible but an impending reality that, with the right strategies and collaborations, could be realized within the next decade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 5","pages":"Pages 309-322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Extracellular vesicles as carriers for protein and peptide therapeutics delivery: A review","authors":"Yohannes Mengesha, Mesay Wondaya, Mulualem Workye, Lielet Belete","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein and peptide-based therapeutics hold immense potential for treating various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and metabolic conditions. However, rapid degradation, poor bioavailability, short half-life, and early clearance limit their clinical application. Several protein and peptide modifications and drug delivery systems (DDS) tested including enzyme inhibitors, chemical modification and conventional nanoparticles have limitations like immune Reponses, extracellular vesicles (EVs), present a good solution to overcome this drawbacks. EVs have gained attention as novel delivery systems for protein and peptide therapeutics owing to their small size, biocompatibility, intrinsic targeting capabilities, lower immunogenicity, and ability to protect cargo from enzymatic degradation. EVs have demonstrated promising results in preclinical studies by enhancing the uptake, loading, penetration, and targeted release of protein/peptide cargos for conditions such as cancer, diabetes, and microbial infections. Additionally, they can serve as carriers for targeting peptides, enabling the delivery of synthetic drugs and genome-editing tools. This review explores the potential of EVs as drug delivery systems (DDS) for protein and peptide drugs, focusing on their advantages and characteristics, engineering and encapsulation, emerging EV and EV-cargo characterization techniques, release, and efficacy in overcoming the limitations of protein- and peptide-based delivery systems. The review also addresses challenges and future perspectives in translating EV-based protein and peptide delivery systems into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 5","pages":"Pages 350-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-09-22DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.006
Banhishikha Kar , Beduin Mahanti , Ayan Kumar Kar , Subhabrota Majumdar
{"title":"Nanoliposome as a carrier for topical delivery of oxymetazoline hydrochloride: In-vitro assessment and in-vivo anti-inflammatory potential","authors":"Banhishikha Kar , Beduin Mahanti , Ayan Kumar Kar , Subhabrota Majumdar","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation on nanoliposome infused with oxymetazoline hydrochloride was fabricated with phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol to effectively deliver the drug to the skin. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride evidence to show anti-inflammatory characteristics. The drug produces pro-resolving lipoxins in accordance with the formation of anti-inflammatory 15(S)-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid and the consequent reduction of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 which leads to the reduction in inflammation at the topical region. The oxymetazoline hydrochloride infused nanoliposomes were prepared by thin film lipid hydration method. The present research assessed the average particle size of different formulations ranges from 147.4 ± 0.77 nm to 371.7 ± 0.99 nm with polydispersity value ranging from 0.181 ± 0.02 to 0.392 ± 0.03. Furthermore, the zeta potentials ranging from −15.2 ± 0.25 mV to −30.5 ± 0.24 mV. The percentage of drug release at 12 h (Y1) has a <em>p</em>-value of 0.0073, entrapment efficiency (%) (Y2) has <em>p</em>-value of 0.0001 and particle size (nm) (Y3) has a <em>p</em>-value of 0.0480. Hence all the dependent responses found to be significant. This study exhibited small particle size distribution with consistent polydispersity index which ensure the monodispersed nature of the nanoliposomes. The satisfactory zeta potential value indicates the stability of formulation. The outcome of the study projected that oxymetazoline hydrochloride loaded nanoliposome have the potential to deliver drugs to specific regions with their high stability and predictable release at the target region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 256-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-09-27DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.007
Sarvananda Letchuman , H.D.T. Madhuranga , B.L.N.K. Madhurangi , Amal D. Premarathna , Muthupandian Saravanan
{"title":"Alkaloids unveiled: A comprehensive analysis of novel therapeutic properties, mechanisms, and plant-based innovations","authors":"Sarvananda Letchuman , H.D.T. Madhuranga , B.L.N.K. Madhurangi , Amal D. Premarathna , Muthupandian Saravanan","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alkaloids, naturally occurring compounds in a diverse range of plant species (<em>Coffea</em> spp., <em>Erythroxylum coca</em>, <em>Cinchona</em> spp. etc.), hold vast potential for biological, medicinal, and pharmacological applications. As the global focus shifts towards natural therapeutic agents due to their lower toxicity compared to synthetic compounds, this review takes a novel approach by examining the ecological and molecular factors influencing the medicinal properties of alkaloids. Using a comparative analysis of alkaloid potency across various plant species, we explore how environmental factors, such as soil composition and climate, impact alkaloid concentration and efficacy. Additionally, this review highlights the synergistic potential of alkaloids when combined with other phytochemicals, offering new insights into more potent, multi-compound therapeutic formulations. We documented ten key medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects, and delve into the molecular pathways through which alkaloids exert these benefits. By exploring alkaloids from under-researched plant species, we aim to broaden the scope of medicinal applications, particularly within the realm of personalized medicine, where alkaloid efficacy may vary based on genetic and pathological factors. This novel perspective emphasized the need for further research to optimize alkaloid extraction methods and assess their potential in personalized and combination therapies, ultimately paving the way for more effective natural treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 268-276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-11-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.001
Yirui Wang , Xiaoling Wu , Li Tang , Yingjie Fei , Hengyu Guo , Yujun Wang , Wei Zhao , Siqian Zheng , Bowen Sun , Xia Wang
{"title":"Design representation of pain visualization coding","authors":"Yirui Wang , Xiaoling Wu , Li Tang , Yingjie Fei , Hengyu Guo , Yujun Wang , Wei Zhao , Siqian Zheng , Bowen Sun , Xia Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an innovative method for visualizing pain by transforming complex pain metrics into intuitive visual codes, making pain expression more precise and easier to understand and empathize with. The system categorizes pain by type, source, intensity, and range, employing creative visual elements to vividly represent these categories. This design not only enhances the clarity and accuracy of pain communication but also bridges the gap between patient experience and medical interpretation, providing a more human-centered solution in the healthcare field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 304-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.005
Jyotiraditya Mall, Nazish Naseem, Md Faheem Haider, Md Azizur Rahman, Sara Khan, Sana Naaz Siddiqui
{"title":"Nanostructured lipid carriers as a drug delivery system: A comprehensive review with therapeutic applications","authors":"Jyotiraditya Mall, Nazish Naseem, Md Faheem Haider, Md Azizur Rahman, Sara Khan, Sana Naaz Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled significant developments in health through innovative drug delivery systems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as a key technology in this field, offering enhanced drug stability, improved loading capacity, and reduced drug leakage compared to traditional solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). NLCs, such as ARM-NLC and PIO-loaded NLCs are specifically designed to optimize drug delivery and efficacy. Unlike other nanocarriers, NLCs provide controlled release and targeted delivery, making them highly effective for treating a range of diseases. Their applications include the treatment of skin cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and breast cancer. The use of surface-engineered nanolayer coatings in NLCs has demonstrated significant improvements in targeting and delivering medications and bioactive substances to infection sites. Both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies have shown promising results regarding the safety and efficacy of these NLC-based drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.008
E. Karthikeyan , S. Sivaneswari
{"title":"Advancements in transdermal drug delivery systems: Enhancing medicine with pain-free and controlled drug release","authors":"E. Karthikeyan , S. Sivaneswari","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs) provide controlled and prolonged drug release, enhance patient compliance, reduce gastrointestinal side effects, and improve drug stability. By delivering medication directly through the skin, TDDSs avoid the initial breakdown of the drug in the liver, which can enhance the amount of medication that reaches the bloodstream. The noninvasive nature of TDDSs reduces discomfort for patients by eliminating the need for invasive procedures like injections, enabling uninterrupted use throughout the day. Innovations such as the development of microneedles with adjustable depths and nanoparticles with targeted drug delivery capabilities have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of TDDSs. TDDSs have potential applications beyond pain management, including treating chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 277-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-08-01Epub Date: 2024-09-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.010
Divya Gokulakrishnan, Sowmyalakshmi Venkataraman
{"title":"Ensuring data integrity: Best practices and strategies in pharmaceutical industry","authors":"Divya Gokulakrishnan, Sowmyalakshmi Venkataraman","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The objective of this article is to examine the challenges and best strategies for incorporating data integrity in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure regulatory compliance. It highlights the importance of data governance policies, secure data handling processes, and the use of the ALCOA framework for implementing Good Documentation Practices.</div></div><div><h3>Evidence acquisition</h3><div>Using appropriate search terms such as 'Data Integrity', 'Data Integrity in Pharmaceutical Industry', and 'ALCOA principle', evidence was gathered from websites and published articles using SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, UGC-approved journals, and Google Scholar databases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The article emphasizes the importance of change management, independent data review methods, and modern technology such as electronic signatures and audit trails in pharmaceutical companies. It also points out the importance of data backup, recovery procedures, and ongoing improvement in maintaining data integrity and promoting responsibility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The article discusses the pharmaceutical sector's procedures for ensuring data integrity throughout a product's life, promoting safe, efficient, and excellent pharmaceutical goods. It highlights the need to navigate the complex regulatory environment and emphasizes the sector's commitment to maintaining data integrity to achieve high quality standards in manufacturing and testing operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 296-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.004
Ananda Kumar Chettupalli , Aziz Unnisa , Himabindu Peddapalli , Rajendra Kumar Jadi , Kachupally Anusha , Padmanabha Rao Amarachinta
{"title":"Development and evaluation of empagliflozin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for oral delivery","authors":"Ananda Kumar Chettupalli , Aziz Unnisa , Himabindu Peddapalli , Rajendra Kumar Jadi , Kachupally Anusha , Padmanabha Rao Amarachinta","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently treated with empagliflozin (EZN), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) shield the drug from gastrointestinal breakdown and improve the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. The aim of the study is to use SLNs to enhance EZN's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. To prepare EZN-loaded SLNs, central composite design (CCD) was employed. The optimized batch (optimized EZN-loaded SLNs) had the desired values of dependent variables Vesicle size (R1), Entrapment Efficiency (R2), and Cumulative Drug Release (CDR) (R3). This was achieved by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyse independent variables such as lipid concentration (X1), surfactant concentration (X2), sonication time (X3), and homogenization speed (X4). F8 exhibited the highest drug entrapment (90.6% ± 2.8%), CDR (89.2 ± 3.6), and average particle size (98.6 ± 2.1 nm) among the 30 distinct formulated formulae (F1–F30). Based on the F-value and <em>p</em>-value, the model was determined to be significant for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and CDR. The actual values of particle size entrapment efficiency and CDR closely matched the projected values of the optimized batch. The in vitro release trials produced a burst release followed by a continuous release. When compared to the EZN solution, the relative bioavailability of EZN-loaded SLNs was 1.2 times higher, indicating superior protection against the gastrointestinal environment. In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, the optimized EZN-loaded SLNs outperformed the basic drug suspension in terms of antidiabetic efficacy. One promising method for administering EZN in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is by SLNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 193-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intelligent PharmacyPub Date : 2025-06-01Epub Date: 2025-01-10DOI: 10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.001
Saha Aritra , Chauhan Baghel Shikha , Singh Indu
{"title":"Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence in pharmaceuticals: Current trends and future prospects","authors":"Saha Aritra , Chauhan Baghel Shikha , Singh Indu","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the field of pharmaceutical industry has been driven to discovery and development of drugs, also personalized medicine. In this article The review investigates systematic trends facing AI-powered transformation. AI has improved efficiency by reducing the drug development time, costs and success rates due to machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and natural language processing (NLP). The literature search was conducted systematically, using core scientific databases to source data-mining research studies on predictive modelling, virtual screening, and automation in AI applications. Findings here underscore the critical role that AI plays in precision medicine, as well as process optimization in manufacture, but ethical issues and privacy of data and regulations add significantly to hurdles. The study confirms that AI presents unique opportunities for developing personalized healthcare and answering global health challenges, nonetheless its adoption involves overcoming ethical and regulatory issues beautiful collaboration and agreeing to industry wide standards. The next-generation products bring hope for low-cost, patient-centric solutions indicating pharmaceutical landscape phases of the paradigm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 181-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}