Jyotiraditya Mall, Nazish Naseem, Md Faheem Haider, Md Azizur Rahman, Sara Khan, Sana Naaz Siddiqui
{"title":"Nanostructured lipid carriers as a drug delivery system: A comprehensive review with therapeutic applications","authors":"Jyotiraditya Mall, Nazish Naseem, Md Faheem Haider, Md Azizur Rahman, Sara Khan, Sana Naaz Siddiqui","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advances in nanotechnology have enabled significant developments in health through innovative drug delivery systems. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have emerged as a key technology in this field, offering enhanced drug stability, improved loading capacity, and reduced drug leakage compared to traditional solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs). NLCs, such as ARM-NLC and PIO-loaded NLCs are specifically designed to optimize drug delivery and efficacy. Unlike other nanocarriers, NLCs provide controlled release and targeted delivery, making them highly effective for treating a range of diseases. Their applications include the treatment of skin cancer, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and breast cancer. The use of surface-engineered nanolayer coatings in NLCs has demonstrated significant improvements in targeting and delivering medications and bioactive substances to infection sites. Both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies have shown promising results regarding the safety and efficacy of these NLC-based drug delivery systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 243-255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Advancements in transdermal drug delivery systems: Enhancing medicine with pain-free and controlled drug release","authors":"E. Karthikeyan , S. Sivaneswari","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDSs) provide controlled and prolonged drug release, enhance patient compliance, reduce gastrointestinal side effects, and improve drug stability. By delivering medication directly through the skin, TDDSs avoid the initial breakdown of the drug in the liver, which can enhance the amount of medication that reaches the bloodstream. The noninvasive nature of TDDSs reduces discomfort for patients by eliminating the need for invasive procedures like injections, enabling uninterrupted use throughout the day. Innovations such as the development of microneedles with adjustable depths and nanoparticles with targeted drug delivery capabilities have significantly improved the accuracy and efficiency of TDDSs. TDDSs have potential applications beyond pain management, including treating chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 277-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ensuring data integrity: Best practices and strategies in pharmaceutical industry","authors":"Divya Gokulakrishnan, Sowmyalakshmi Venkataraman","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The objective of this article is to examine the challenges and best strategies for incorporating data integrity in the pharmaceutical industry to ensure regulatory compliance. It highlights the importance of data governance policies, secure data handling processes, and the use of the ALCOA framework for implementing Good Documentation Practices.</div></div><div><h3>Evidence acquisition</h3><div>Using appropriate search terms such as 'Data Integrity', 'Data Integrity in Pharmaceutical Industry', and 'ALCOA principle', evidence was gathered from websites and published articles using SciFinder, Web of Science, PubMed, UGC-approved journals, and Google Scholar databases.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The article emphasizes the importance of change management, independent data review methods, and modern technology such as electronic signatures and audit trails in pharmaceutical companies. It also points out the importance of data backup, recovery procedures, and ongoing improvement in maintaining data integrity and promoting responsibility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The article discusses the pharmaceutical sector's procedures for ensuring data integrity throughout a product's life, promoting safe, efficient, and excellent pharmaceutical goods. It highlights the need to navigate the complex regulatory environment and emphasizes the sector's commitment to maintaining data integrity to achieve high quality standards in manufacturing and testing operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 4","pages":"Pages 296-303"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144864688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence in pharmaceuticals: Current trends and future prospects","authors":"Saha Aritra , Chauhan Baghel Shikha , Singh Indu","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the field of pharmaceutical industry has been driven to discovery and development of drugs, also personalized medicine. In this article The review investigates systematic trends facing AI-powered transformation. AI has improved efficiency by reducing the drug development time, costs and success rates due to machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL) and natural language processing (NLP). The literature search was conducted systematically, using core scientific databases to source data-mining research studies on predictive modelling, virtual screening, and automation in AI applications. Findings here underscore the critical role that AI plays in precision medicine, as well as process optimization in manufacture, but ethical issues and privacy of data and regulations add significantly to hurdles. The study confirms that AI presents unique opportunities for developing personalized healthcare and answering global health challenges, nonetheless its adoption involves overcoming ethical and regulatory issues beautiful collaboration and agreeing to industry wide standards. The next-generation products bring hope for low-cost, patient-centric solutions indicating pharmaceutical landscape phases of the paradigm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 181-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ananda Kumar Chettupalli , Aziz Unnisa , Himabindu Peddapalli , Rajendra Kumar Jadi , Kachupally Anusha , Padmanabha Rao Amarachinta
{"title":"Development and evaluation of empagliflozin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for oral delivery","authors":"Ananda Kumar Chettupalli , Aziz Unnisa , Himabindu Peddapalli , Rajendra Kumar Jadi , Kachupally Anusha , Padmanabha Rao Amarachinta","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is frequently treated with empagliflozin (EZN), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) shield the drug from gastrointestinal breakdown and improve the bioavailability of lipophilic drugs. The aim of the study is to use SLNs to enhance EZN's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. To prepare EZN-loaded SLNs, central composite design (CCD) was employed. The optimized batch (optimized EZN-loaded SLNs) had the desired values of dependent variables Vesicle size (R1), Entrapment Efficiency (R2), and Cumulative Drug Release (CDR) (R3). This was achieved by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to analyse independent variables such as lipid concentration (X1), surfactant concentration (X2), sonication time (X3), and homogenization speed (X4). F8 exhibited the highest drug entrapment (90.6% ± 2.8%), CDR (89.2 ± 3.6), and average particle size (98.6 ± 2.1 nm) among the 30 distinct formulated formulae (F1–F30). Based on the F-value and <em>p</em>-value, the model was determined to be significant for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and CDR. The actual values of particle size entrapment efficiency and CDR closely matched the projected values of the optimized batch. The in vitro release trials produced a burst release followed by a continuous release. When compared to the EZN solution, the relative bioavailability of EZN-loaded SLNs was 1.2 times higher, indicating superior protection against the gastrointestinal environment. In rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, the optimized EZN-loaded SLNs outperformed the basic drug suspension in terms of antidiabetic efficacy. One promising method for administering EZN in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is by SLNs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 193-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carlos Alberto Escobar Angulo, Antistio Alviz Amador, Julián Javier Martínez Zambrano
{"title":"Stratification of cephalosporins based on physicochemical and pharmacokinetic variables using multivariate statistical tools","authors":"Carlos Alberto Escobar Angulo, Antistio Alviz Amador, Julián Javier Martínez Zambrano","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Cephalosporins, a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, are commonly used in medical practice. However, their potential advantages, based on physicochemical and pharmacokinetic variables, are often overlooked. This research, proposing strategies based on multivariate statistics to stratify different cephalosporins, is a significant step towards providing the prescribing team with more rational and effective options. The potential benefits of this research are promising, as it has the potential to significantly improve the efficacy and safety of cephalosporin therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Exploratory study and review of pharmacokinetic parameters of cephalosporins. Data were extracted from DrugBank go.drugbank.com, and multivariate statistical techniques such as Pearson correlation and cluster analysis were applied. This approach allowed the identification of groupings of cephalosporins with similar characteristics, thus facilitating their rational selection in clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results reveal that cefazolin, cefotetan, cefoperazone, and ceftriaxone form the conglomerate with the most favorable properties for reaching effective concentrations at the site of action due to their high solubility, high percentage of binding to plasma proteins, and adequate residence times in the organism. Solubility, protein binding, half-life, MRT, molecular weight, volume of distribution, number of interactions, and pKa are all critical factors that influence the efficacy and safety of cephalosporin therapy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>It is relevant to highlight the use of multivariate statistics as a tool for drug selection and rational use. In the present study, cefazolin, cefotetan, cefoperazone, and ceftriaxone were highlighted as the best therapeutic alternatives according to the variables selected for the study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saleem Javid , Abdul Rahmanulla , Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed , Rokeya sultana , B.R. Prashantha Kumar
{"title":"Machine learning & deep learning tools in pharmaceutical sciences: A comprehensive review","authors":"Saleem Javid , Abdul Rahmanulla , Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed , Rokeya sultana , B.R. Prashantha Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drug discovery and development is an important area of research for pharmaceutical industries and medicinal chemists. This classical approach demanded significant investments of time and resources to bring a single drug to market. Furthermore, the complexity and vast scale of data from genomics, proteomics, microarrays, and clinical trials present significant challenges in the drug discovery pipeline. Nevertheless, bioinformatics, pharmacoinformatics, and cheminformatics technologies have been developed thanks to breakthroughs in computational methodologies and a surge in multi-omics data, drastically shortening the time it takes to create new drugs. Large amounts of biological data stored in global databases are the building blocks for machine learning and deep learning methods. They make it easier to find patterns and models that can help find therapeutically active molecules with less time, work, and money. Machine learning and deep learning technology are vital in drug design and development. We have applied these algorithms to various drug discovery processes such as protein structure prediction, toxicity prediction, oral bioavailability prediction, de novo design of new chemical scaffolds, structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening, pharmacophore modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationship, drug repositioning, and clinical trial design. Historical evidence underscores the successful implementation of AI and deep learning in this domain. Finally, we highlight some successful machine learning or deep learning-based models employed in the drug design and development pipeline. Furthermore, there has been a notable increase in interest regarding the application of AI technology in hospital pharmacy settings, which has been discussed in this review. This review will be invaluable to medicinal and computational chemists seeking DL tools for drug discovery projects and hospital pharmacies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 167-180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Insulin delivery devices in diabetes management: Applications and advancements","authors":"Runhuang Yang, Zongwen Yang, Jingnan Chi, Ya Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With continuous advancements in diabetes management technology, insulin delivery devices have become increasingly central to the treatment of diabetes. This review discusses the applications and development of various insulin delivery technologies, including insulin pens and pumps, in the management of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Insulin pens are widely used among individuals with T2DM due to their ease of use and dosing accuracy. The recent development of smart insulin pens has further enhanced patient adherence and glycemic control. Insulin pumps, particularly patch pumps, provide more precise glucose management for individuals with T1DM and select T2DM patients, significantly reducing glycemic variability and the risk of hypoglycemia. Patch pumps, as an innovative insulin infusion device, are particularly suitable for patients requiring discreet and convenient use, owing to their compact, lightweight, and tubeless design. This is especially pertinent for the large population of individuals with T2DM. However, mechanical patch pumps still require further optimization, particularly in displaying infusion volume and key operational parameters, to facilitate real-time monitoring and timely therapeutic adjustments by both patients and clinicians. This review summarizes the advantages and limitations of different types of insulin delivery devices and explores their potential role in clinical practice. Further advancements in these systems are expected to offer safer, more convenient, precise, and cost-effective treatment options for diabetes management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 235-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sachin Mendhi , Krutika Sawarkar , Amruta Shete , Kuldeep Vinchurkar , Sachin S. Mali , Sudarshan Singh , Pooja V. Nagime
{"title":"Smart healthcare: Artificial intelligences impact on drug development and patient care","authors":"Sachin Mendhi , Krutika Sawarkar , Amruta Shete , Kuldeep Vinchurkar , Sachin S. Mali , Sudarshan Singh , Pooja V. Nagime","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into healthcare has catalyzed significant advancements in drug development and patient care, revolutionizing traditional methodologies. This review explores the multifaceted impact of AI on critical areas, highlighting its transformative potential and addressing associated challenges. In drug development, AI facilitates accelerated discovery processes, enhances precision in predicting drug efficacy and safety, and optimizes clinical trial designs. AI-driven technologies such as machine learning (ML) algorithms and deep learning models enable the analysis of vast datasets, leading to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and personalized treatment strategies. In patient care, AI enhances diagnostic accuracy, enables predictive analytics for disease management, and supports telemedicine as well as remote monitoring, thereby improving patient outcomes and accessibility to healthcare services. Despite the promising advancements, the review critically examines the ethical, regulatory, and implementation challenges that accompany AI integration in healthcare. By providing a comprehensive overview of AI's current and potential contributions, this paper aims to provide an elaborative guide that future research and policymaking in smart healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ayodele James Oyejide , Yemi Adekola Adekunle , Oluwatosin David Abodunrin , Ebenezer Oluwatosin Atoyebi
{"title":"Artificial intelligence, computational tools and robotics for drug discovery, development, and delivery","authors":"Ayodele James Oyejide , Yemi Adekola Adekunle , Oluwatosin David Abodunrin , Ebenezer Oluwatosin Atoyebi","doi":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ipha.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics into the pharmaceutical sector is rapidly transforming drug discovery, development, and delivery (D-DDD) processes. Traditional drug development is often characterized by lengthy timelines, high costs, and complex challenges associated with target identification, drug efficacy, and safety profiling. AI and robotics offer transformative solutions, bringing speed, precision, and scalability to various stages of D-DDD. In this review, we analyze cutting-edge advancements in AI-driven predictive modeling, machine learning algorithms for molecular screening, and data mining techniques that enable efficient drug target identification and toxicity prediction. We also explore robotics applications that enhance automation in high-throughput screening, compound synthesis, and patient-specific drug delivery systems. Through examining the applications, limitations, and future trends of these technologies, this review provides a comprehensive outlook on the potential of AI and robotics to streamline the drug pipeline and enable personalized therapeutic strategies. Our review reveals that the convergence of AI, robotics, and big data has potential to reshape pharmaceutical research, reduce costs, and pave the way for more accessible, effective therapies. This review thus serves as a critical resource for understanding the future trajectory of intelligent, technology-driven pharmacy and its implications for advancing healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100682,"journal":{"name":"Intelligent Pharmacy","volume":"3 3","pages":"Pages 207-224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144272365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}