Integrative Conservation最新文献

{"title":"Ecological Restoration of Rubber Monocultures: Strategies for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Recovery in Tropical Regions\u0000 题目:如何将橡胶林恢复为多样森林？","authors":"Liang Song,&nbsp;Sujan Balami,&nbsp;Gbadamassi G. O. Dossa,&nbsp;Wei-Guo Liu,&nbsp;Philippe Thaler,&nbsp;Thomas Cherico Wanger,&nbsp;David P. Edwards,&nbsp;Maria Mei Hua Wang,&nbsp;Yong-Ping Yang,&nbsp;Rhett D. Harrison","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sustainable conversion of uneconomic rubber monocultures is essential for restoring degraded tropical rainforests and achieving the goals of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021–2030). Here, we discuss existing ecological restoration approaches that may be applicable to converting rubber monocultures in protected and marginal areas with high conservation value but less economic potential. Before selecting restoration interventions, practitioners should conduct comprehensive assessments of landscape context, land-use history, forest regeneration status, and resource availability. Natural forest regeneration is typically a low-cost restoration option for rubber monocultures that have encroached into protected areas, where nearby natural forest fragments can provide seed sources. In other marginal areas, assisted natural regeneration and active planting can promote more rapid recovery. The restoration strategies outlined here can support the restoration of 1,900,000 ha of rubber monocultures in marginal zones and other economically unsustainable monoculture plantation crops, thereby making a significant contribution to global restoration targets by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 3","pages":"345-353"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Regeneration Outperforms Active Restoration in Enhancing Biodiversity and Biomass Along an Altitudinal Gradient in Chinese Savanna Ecosystems\u0000 中国稀树灌草丛中自然恢复对生物多样性与生物量的提升效应优于人工恢复","authors":"Han Zhang,&nbsp;Boqin Zheng,&nbsp;Jie Zhang,&nbsp;Guojing Wen,&nbsp;Bo Tian,&nbsp;Defeng Feng,&nbsp;Chaolei Yang,&nbsp;Mingda Zhang,&nbsp;Yongyu Sun,&nbsp;Qinghai Song,&nbsp;Yanqiang Jin","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The decline in biodiversity and the reduction of carbon sinks resulting from ecosystem degradation have emerged as significant global challenges. The impact of passive and active restoration on biodiversity and carbon sinks has been well studied across biomes, but remains understudied in degraded savannas, especially regarding long-term outcomes. This study examines how species composition, biodiversity, and biomass accumulation in herbaceous communities respond to different restoration strategies across an altitudinal gradient in the degraded savannas of southwestern China. Fenced reserves significantly increased average height, cover, diversity, and biomass of herbaceous communities across elevation gradients, with a shift in species dominance toward <i>Eulaliopsis binata</i>. <i>Acacia confusa</i> forest increased herbaceous cover at low elevations and enhanced diversity across the gradient, whereas <i>Leucaena leucocephala</i> forest increased cover at high elevations but consistently reduced diversity at all elevations, leading to a single-species dominance. Both active restoration treatments resulted in lower herbaceous biomass compared to natural regeneration (fenced reserves). These results suggest that natural regeneration more effectively supports both biodiversity and biomass accumulation across elevation zones, while active restoration exhibits altitude-dependent efficacy and limited biomass accumulation capacity. This study provides a foundation for selecting context-appropriate restoration approaches to enhance biodiversity and carbon storage, and supports the optimization of ecological restoration strategies and forest management practices in savanna ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 3","pages":"491-502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural Lands as Important Wintering Habitats for the Critically Endangered Yellow-Breasted Bunting in Nepal\u0000 尼泊尔农业用地作为极危黄胸鹀的重要越冬栖息地","authors":"Hem Bahadur Katuwal,&nbsp;Krishna Prasad Bhusal,&nbsp;Ankit Bilash Joshi,&nbsp;Deu Bahadur Rana,&nbsp;Mohan Bikram Shrestha,&nbsp;Prashant Rokka,&nbsp;Rui-Chang Quan","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural intensification is considered detrimental to many bird species in Europe and North America; however, little is known about how birds use these landscapes in South Asia, including in Nepal, where agricultural lands remain less intensified and more heterogeneous. Compared to resident species, research on migratory land bird species is notably limited. This includes the Critically Endangered Yellow-breasted Bunting (<i>Emberiza aureola</i>), once abundant but now on the brink of extinction due to illegal trapping and trade, particularly along its migratory routes and wintering sites. We studied the wintering distribution sites, population, and fine-scale habitat use of the Yellow-breasted Bunting across Nepal to support their population recovery and guide habitat conservation efforts. Between 2015 and 2023, we documented 85 presence records of Yellow-breasted Buntings in 22 districts, with most sightings occurring outside protected areas and in agricultural lands. The population count for 2022/2023 was 2120—a roughly 43% increase from the previous year. Fine-scale habitat data showed that most sightings were in agricultural lands (79%), followed by grasslands (14%), with fewer records occurring in wetlands (7%). Yellow-breasted Buntings feed in a range of farmland conditions, including standing crops and fallow fields, and roost mainly in agricultural areas dominated by sugarcane (<i>Saccharum officinarum</i>) or in grasses such as <i>Saccharum spontaneum</i> and <i>Phragmites karka</i> found in grassland and wetland habitats. Our model identified the combination of crop cover and grass height as the strongest predictor of Yellow-breasted Bunting abundance. Our study highlights the conservation potential of agricultural lands for highly threatened species and emphasizes the importance of effective habitat management and farmer engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 2","pages":"134-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Detection of Wolf Canis lupus in Shangri-la National Park for Three Consecutive Years, Yunnan, China\u0000 香格里拉国家公园连续三年发现狼(Canis lupus)的活动","authors":"Yun Deng,&nbsp;Jin-Sou Chen,&nbsp;Fa-Shu Xu,&nbsp;Zheng-Hua He,&nbsp; Du-Jie-Ci-Dan,&nbsp;Hua Yang,&nbsp;Jin-liang Li,&nbsp;Xue-Lian He,&nbsp;Sheng-Dong Yuan,&nbsp;Kang Luo,&nbsp;Lu-Xiang Lin","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>), as apex predators, play a pivotal role in regulating ecosystems by controlling prey populations and maintaining biodiversity. Historically, wolves occupied a wide range across China, including high-altitude areas in northwest Yunnan. However, human activities, such as habitat loss and persecution, have led to local extirpations in these previously occupied regions. Recent camera trap surveys conducted in Shangri-La National Park recorded wolf activity in subalpine coniferous forests at elevations ranging from 3670 to 3870 m between 2022 and 2024, providing direct evidence of their presence in northwestern Yunnan. This rediscovery highlights the ecological significance of protected areas and the need for long-term biodiversity monitoring to conserve apex predators.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 2","pages":"116-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering Children's Self-Efficacy Through Nature Education: Insights From a Wildlife Education Program in Rural China\u0000 通过自然教育培养儿童的自我效能感:中国乡村自然课项目的启示","authors":"Zhijian Liang,&nbsp;Lin Chen,&nbsp;Junying Ren,&nbsp;Changning Liu,&nbsp;Kaiwen Zhou,&nbsp;Tien Ming Lee,&nbsp;Sifan Hu","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Emphasizing self-efficacy in nature education holds significant potential for achieving long-term conservation goals, such as fostering conservation support and engagement. However, the effect of nature education on children's self-efficacy is rarely evaluated, and there is a lack of clarity and evidence on how course design influences its development. Here, we evaluated the effect of nature education on children's course-developed self-efficacy using a mixed-methods design involving a wildlife-based education program implemented in 10 rural elementary schools across six provinces in China. Results indicated that the program significantly increased students' course-developed self-efficacy in learning about nature and personal development, as evidenced by a comparison between the “course” group (<i>N</i> = 403) and a “control” group (<i>N</i> = 132). Using linear mixed models, we found that course-developed self-efficacy also contributed to pro-nature intentions and behaviors, with self-efficacy being a more important predictor of the latter. Moreover, the qualitative data identified seven key pathways through which the course may enhance children's self-efficacy: positive reinforcement, teamwork, skill development, self-expression, role modeling, knowledge expansion, and a supportive atmosphere. We propose that self-efficacy is a crucial outcome of nature education and offer guidelines for maximizing its impact on future generations in rural China.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 2","pages":"154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Priority Areas for Conservation of Threatened Agamid Lizards of Sri Lanka Using Species Distribution Modeling\u0000 斯里兰卡濒危蜥蜴 (鬣蜥科) 保护优先区域的识别:基于物种分布模型的研究","authors":"Iresha Wijerathne,&nbsp;Suranjan Karunarathna,&nbsp;Thilina Sursinghe,&nbsp;Dulan R. Vidanapathirana,&nbsp;Kanishka Ukuwela,&nbsp;Sriyani Wickramasinghe,&nbsp;Chaya Sarathchandra,&nbsp;Jagath Gunatilake,&nbsp;Aiwu Jiang,&nbsp;Eben Goodale,&nbsp;Suranjan Fernando","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To ensure the survival of threatened species, identifying biodiversity hotspots is essential for determining where and how conservation should be prioritized. Sri Lanka along with Western Ghats of India is a global biodiversity hotspot, with reptiles among its most threatened taxa. Agamid lizards in Sri Lanka are both threatened and evolutionarily distinct, with 19 of 22 species endemic to the island. We assessed the distribution of 14 threatened agamid lizard species using Species Distribution Modeling (SDM). The generated distribution maps were used to identify highly diverse target areas for agamid conservation, both within and outside protected areas. We assigned conservation priority ranks for species using different criteria such as IUCN status, the number of occurrence records, and the size of the estimated range. Our results indicated that agamid hotspots are primarily concentrated in the wet zone of Sri Lanka; specifically, Sinharaja Forest Reserve, the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary, and the Knuckles Mountain Range emerged as high priority conservation targets. Although all species targeted in our SDM had some portion of their range within protected areas, over 40% of high-priority agamid habitats remain unprotected. We advocate for the expanded use of SDM for hotspot identification and conservation planning, particularly for threatened and endangered species with poorly documented population status and geographic distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 2","pages":"188-204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Primate Name Yòu (狖) and Its Referents: Implications for the Future Conservation of François' Langurs in China\u0000 灵长类动物名称“狖”及其指代对象再钩沉: 对中国黑叶猴 (Trachypithecus francoisi) 未来保护的启迪","authors":"Kefeng Niu,&nbsp;牛克锋","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rethinking traditional animal names and their referents throughout history is important for understanding indigenous knowledge of wildlife, defining the role of animals in traditional cultures, and potentially promoting the conservation of species. The character <i>yòu</i> (狖) was the name of a nonhuman primate in ancient China. To date, <i>yòu</i> has been considered a gibbon (<i>Nomascus</i> spp.), a snub-nosed monkey (<i>Rhinopithecus</i> spp.), or a François' langur (<i>Trachypithecus francoisi</i>). To better understand its original identity, I analyzed additional evidence to revisit the ideas and referents associated with <i>yòu</i>. Overall, identifying <i>yòu</i> as François' langurs is more consistent with historical archives. Historical records reveal that Fraznçois' langurs were widely distributed across South China in earlier periods. However, the species has since become extirpated from most of its primary habitats in the country. Reintroducing captive individuals into areas where François’ langurs were once found may be a key conservation strategy for restoring locally extinct populations and safeguarding this endangered species in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 2","pages":"246-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human–Wildlife Conflict or Human–Human Conflict? Social Constructions of Stakeholder Groups Involved in Wildlife Management in Northern Zimbabwe\u0000 人兽冲突抑或人际冲突？津巴布韦北部野生动物管理之利益相关方的社会建构研究","authors":"Vincent Jani","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Conflicts between people and wildlife, often termed human–wildlife conflicts, are a global issue that can require complex solutions. However, another significant, frequently overlooked cause for concern within this context is the conflicts that can arise between stakeholders with varying interests, perspectives or goals regarding wildlife management and conservation. Such human–human conflicts can hamper the success of wildlife conservation initiatives outside protected areas. These conflicts frequently serve as proxies for the underlying socioeconomic and political tensions between stakeholders with divergent wildlife management goals. Using a social constructionist approach and a qualitative case study, this study investigates how diverse stakeholders—namely, agriculturalists, conservationists, foragers and safari operators—in Chapoto Ward, northern Zimbabwe, construct images of each other during conflicts over wildlife management. The findings reveal that stakeholder groups socially constructed one another as powerful outsiders, ignorant and inconsiderate, habitat destroyers and poachers, and uncaring, greedy and selfish. These social constructions were driven by differing agendas, beliefs, priorities and values regarding wildlife management, competing land-use activities, and socioeconomic and political interests. This study recommends that wildlife managers develop an objective understanding of the competing constructions of each stakeholder group and incorporate these insights into wildlife management policy and conflict resolution processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 2","pages":"218-230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70020","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Nature-Based Education Contribute to Green and Low-Carbon Development?\u0000 基于自然的教育如何助力绿色低碳发展","authors":"Linyu Xu,&nbsp;Yuqi Dai","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explores the integration of nature-based education (NBE) into educational frameworks aimed at green and low-carbon development. Although interest in NBE is increasing, research on its alignment with the country's climate goals, especially in relation to curriculum development and pedagogical strategies, remains limited. To address this gap, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, drawing on studies from databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and CNKI. Keywords including “nature-based education,” “experiential learning,” “place-based education,” “biophilic design,” and “ecological civilization” were used to ensure broad coverage of relevant research. The selected studies were categorized and analyzed to evaluate the applications, findings, and challenges of NBE across various theoretical frameworks. The efficacy of nature schools in enhancing sustainability education and carbon literacy was also assessed. These schools employ place-based, immersive, and multidisciplinary methods to engage students in practical experiences that deepen their understanding of carbon cycles and sustainable behaviors. The findings demonstrate that NBE curricula significantly improve environmental awareness and foster student participation in carbon reduction initiatives, thereby contributing to national climate goals. However, barriers such as inadequate teacher training, limited financial resources, and inflexible curricula hinder broader implementation. This review underscores the vital role of education in meeting green and low-carbon development objectives and calls for policy reforms to support the development of future sustainability elites.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 2","pages":"126-133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying Bergmann's Rule to Species Conservation Planning\u0000 贝格曼法则在物种保护规划中的应用","authors":"Qinfeng Guo,&nbsp;Hong Qian,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Deli Wang,&nbsp;William J. Ripple","doi":"10.1002/inc3.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/inc3.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Body size is often strongly linked to species abundance and range size. Although Bergman's rule, which relates body size to climate, has been extensively studied, the implications of this rule for conservation remain unclear. Climate warming may reduce the habitat area of some large-bodied species at higher latitudes or altitudes, where they need large ranges to survive, and may also cause some larger-bodied species to shrink, as there is no critical need for them to remain large in order to preserve heat in very cold conditions. Under such circumstances, Bergmann's rule may offer some insights regarding species extinction, as body size is related to other critical traits, such as generation time, especially for species that follow the “rule.” Here, we explore the potential applications of Bergmann's rule in species conservation, using the IUCN's (2022) Red List and species' body size as a reference. Although a greater number of larger birds and mammals (endothermic species) are threatened, a higher proportion of smaller reptiles and amphibians (ectothermic species) face endangerment. Threatened species show stronger body size–range size relationships and are more restricted in monotypic genera. We discuss how Bergmann's rule might be considered in future long-term species conservation planning within the broad context of climate change, human impacts, and species invasions.</p>","PeriodicalId":100680,"journal":{"name":"Integrative Conservation","volume":"4 2","pages":"120-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/inc3.70016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}