iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0010

Li Shengtao;Li Mingru

{"title":"Development of Epoxy Resin with Superior Breakdown Strength: A Review","authors":"Li Shengtao;Li Mingru","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Epoxy resin (EP) has been widely utilized in electrical equipment and electronic devices due to its fascinating electric, thermal, and mechanical properties. However, the complex insulation structures of modern power devices in high-voltage direct current systems pose several challenges for EP-based dielectrics. The most significant among these challenges is the need for EP to stably operate under greater electric fields, requiring superior breakdown strength. This paper summarizes the key factors influencing the breakdown strength of EP and reviews reported methods for enhancing this property. Recognizing the limitations of existing approaches, we propose that the emerging technology of molecule design offers a potentially optimal solution for developing EP with enhanced breakdown strength. Furthermore, we anticipate the future development direction of EP with satisfactory insulation properties. We believe that enhancing the breakdown theory of solid dielectrics, exploring new research and development methodologies, and creating environmentally friendly EP with high performance are primary focus areas. We hope that this paper will offer guidance and support for the future development of EP with superior breakdown strength, proving valuable in advancing EP-based dielectrics.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 2","pages":"82-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10587146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141544047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Charging Load Prediction Method for Expressway Electric Vehicles Considering Dynamic Battery State-of-Charge and User Decision 考虑电池动态充电状态和用户决策的高速公路电动汽车充电负荷预测方法

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0011

Jiuding Tan;Shuaibing Li;Yi Cui;Zhixiang Lin;Yufeng Song;Yongqiang Kang;Haiying Dong

{"title":"Charging Load Prediction Method for Expressway Electric Vehicles Considering Dynamic Battery State-of-Charge and User Decision","authors":"Jiuding Tan;Shuaibing Li;Yi Cui;Zhixiang Lin;Yufeng Song;Yongqiang Kang;Haiying Dong","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate prediction of electric vehicle (EV) charging loads is a foundational step in the establishment of expressway charging infrastructures. This study introduces an approach to enhance the precision of expressway EV charging load predictions. The method considers both the battery dynamic state-of-charge (SOC) and user charging decisions. Expressway network nodes were first extracted using the open Gaode Map API to establish a model that incorporates the expressway network and traffic flow features. A Gaussian mixture model is then employed to construct a SOC distribution model for mixed traffic flow. An innovative SOC dynamic translation model is then introduced to capture the dynamic characteristics of traffic flow SOC values. Based on this foundation, an EV charging decision model was developed which considers expressway node distinctions. EV travel characteristics are extracted from the NHTS2017 datasets to assist in constructing the model. Differentiated decision-making is achieved by utilizing improved Lognormal and Sigmoid functions. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a case study of the Lian-Huo expressway. An analysis of EV charging power converges with historical data and shows that the method accurately predicts the charging loads of EVs on expressways, thus revealing the efficacy of the proposed approach in predicting EV charging dynamics under expressway scenarios.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 2","pages":"115-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10587177","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141543841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transitioning from Heterogeneous VSC to Homogeneous VSC Based Power Systems: Leveraging Dual-Port Grid-Forming VSCs 从异构 VSC 过渡到基于同构 VSC 的电力系统：利用双端口电网型 VSC

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-06-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0009

Shuo Zhang;Wei Qiao;Liyan Qu;Jun Wang

引用次数: 0

25% - Efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells via controllable growth of SnO2 通过可控二氧化锡生长实现 25% - 高效柔性过氧化物太阳能电池

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0001

Ningyu Ren;Liguo Tan;Minghao Li;Junjie Zhou;Yiran Ye;Boxin Jiao;Liming Ding;Chenyi Yi

引用次数: 0

Analysis and synchronization controller design of dual-port grid-forming voltage-source converters for different operation modes 针对不同运行模式的双端口电网形成电压源转换器的分析和同步控制器设计

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0002

Shuo Zhang;Wei Qiao;Liyan Qu;Jun Wang

{"title":"Analysis and synchronization controller design of dual-port grid-forming voltage-source converters for different operation modes","authors":"Shuo Zhang;Wei Qiao;Liyan Qu;Jun Wang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Grid-tie voltage source converters (VSCs) can operate in three distinct modes: AC-dominant, DC-dominant, and balanced, depending on the placement of the stiff voltage sources. The distinct operation modes of the VSCs traditionally demand different synchronization control techniques, leading to heterogeneous VSCs. It is challenging for the power system to accommodate and coordinate heterogeneous VSCs. A promising universal synchronization control technique for VSCs is the DC-link voltage synchronization control (DVSC) based on a lead compensator (LC). The LC DVSC stabilizes both the DC and AC voltages of a VSC while achieving synchronization with the AC grid. This results in a dual-port grid-forming (DGFM) characteristic for the VSC. However, there has been very limited study on the stability and synchronization controller design of the VSCs with the LC DVSC operating in various modes. To bridge this gap, the paper presents a quantitative analysis on the stability and steady-state performance of the LC DVSC in all three operation modes of the DGFM VSC. Based on the analysis, the paper provides step-by-step design guidelines for the LC DVSC. Furthermore, the paper uncovers an instability issue related to the LC DVSC when the DGFM VSC operates in the balanced mode. To tackle the instability issue, a virtual resistance control is proposed and integrated with the LC DVSC. Simulation results validate the analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the DGFM VSC with the LC DVSC designed using the proposed guidelines in all three operation modes. Overall, the paper demonstrates the feasibility of employing the DGFM VSC with the LC DVSC for all three possible operation modes, which can help overcome the challenges associated with accommodating and coordinating heterogeneous VSCs in the power system.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"46-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The UAE consensus: “Beginning of the End” of the fossil fuel era 阿联酋的共识："化石燃料时代 "终结的开始

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0006

Wenjuan Dong;Weirong Zhang;Ershun Du;Zheng Li

引用次数: 0

An adaptive fuel cell hybrid vehicle propulsion sizing model 自适应燃料电池混合动力汽车推进器尺寸模型

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0008

Jia Di Yang;Paul R. Shearing;Jason Millichamp;Theo Suter;Dan J. L. Brett;James B. Robinson

{"title":"An adaptive fuel cell hybrid vehicle propulsion sizing model","authors":"Jia Di Yang;Paul R. Shearing;Jason Millichamp;Theo Suter;Dan J. L. Brett;James B. Robinson","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0008","url":null,"abstract":"As we enter the age of electrochemical propulsion, there is an increasing tendency to discuss the viability or otherwise of different electrochemical propulsion systems in zero-sum terms. These discussions are often grounded in a specific use case; however, given the need to electrify the wider transport sector it is evident that we must consider systems in a holistic fashion. When designed adequately, the hybridisation of power sources within automotive applications has been demonstrated to positively impact fuel cell efficiency, durability, and cost, while having potential benefits for the safety of vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the fuel cell to battery hybridisation degree is explored through the key design parameter of system mass. Different fuel cell electric hybrid vehicle (FCHEV) scenarios of various hydridisation degrees, including light-duty vehicles (LDVs), Class 8 heavy goods vehicles (HGVs), and buses are modelled to enable the appropriate sizing of the proton exchange membrane (PEMFC) stack and lithiumion battery (LiB) pack and additional balance of plant. The operating conditions of the modelled PEMFC stack and battery pack are then varied under a range of relevant drive cycles to identify the relative performance of the systems. By extending the model further and incorporating a feedback loop, we are able to remove the need to include estimated vehicle masses a priori enabling improving the speed and accuracy of the model as an analysis tool for vehicle mass and performance estimation.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"59-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488350","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140340076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of the preparation process and anode stabilization strategies of Zn microbatteries 锌微型电池的制备工艺和阳极稳定策略综述

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0003

Xin Guo;Sajian Wu;Xiaojun Guo;Dexu Zheng;Yan Zhu;Jishuang Liu;Xinxin Xing;Haoxiang Zhang;Shengzhong Frank Liu

{"title":"A review of the preparation process and anode stabilization strategies of Zn microbatteries","authors":"Xin Guo;Sajian Wu;Xiaojun Guo;Dexu Zheng;Yan Zhu;Jishuang Liu;Xinxin Xing;Haoxiang Zhang;Shengzhong Frank Liu","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0003","url":null,"abstract":"As a burgeoning energy storage technology, Zn microbatteries (ZMBs) exhibit expansive potential for applications. This article initially presents a method for fabricating ZMBs utilizing interdigitated electrodes, employing advanced techniques such as 3D printing, screen printing, laser etching, and electrodeposition. These methodologies play a crucial role in mitigating anode-related issues, consequently enhancing battery performance. Subsequently, the challenges encountered by ZMBs anodes, including dendrite formation, corrosion passivation, hydrogen evolution, and Zn cycle exfoliation, are thoroughly examined. Lastly, a comprehensive strategy for stabilizing the anode is delineated, encompassing anode material selection, anode structure construction, interface engineering, and electrolyte optimization. In essence, the preparation and fine-tuning of ZMBs present ongoing challenges. With continued research and development efforts, it is anticipated that ZMBs will attain efficient, stable, and secure performance on the microscale, offering enduring and dependable energy solutions for applications in miniature electronic devices and wearable technology.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 1","pages":"12-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10488353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140339978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Miniaturized electric field sensors with enhanced sensitivity down to 5.2 μV/(m.Hz1/2) 微型电场传感器，灵敏度提高至 5.2 μV/(m.Hz1/2)

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0005

Weidong Zhou

引用次数: 0

Power system decarbonization pathway of China 中国电力系统去碳化路径

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-03-01 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0007

Chongqing Kang;Ziyang Zhang;Hongyi Wei;Ershun Du;Peng Wang;Ning Zhang

引用次数: 0

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