iEnergy Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2025.0004

Ziyang Xiang;Chunyi Huang;Kangping Li;Chengmin Wang;Pierluigi Siano

{"title":"A risk-aware coordinated trading strategy for load aggregators with energy storage systems in the electricity spot market and demand response market","authors":"Ziyang Xiang;Chunyi Huang;Kangping Li;Chengmin Wang;Pierluigi Siano","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2025.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2025.0004","url":null,"abstract":"The demand response (DR) market, as a vital complement to the electricity spot market, plays a key role in evoking user-side regulation capability to mitigate system-level supply-demand imbalances during extreme events. While the DR market offers the load aggregator (LA) additional profitable opportunities beyond the electricity spot market, it also introduces new trading risks due to the significant uncertainty in users' behaviors. Dispatching energy storage systems (ESSs) is an effective means to enhance the risk management capabilities of LAs; however, coordinating ESS operations with dual-market trading strategies remains an urgent challenge. To this end, this paper proposes a novel systematic risk-aware coordinated trading model for the LA in concurrently participating in the day-ahead electricity spot market and DR market, which incorporates the capacity allocation mechanism of ESS based on market clearing rules to jointly formulate bidding and pricing decisions for the dual market. First, the intrinsic coupling characteristics of the LA participating in the dual market are analyzed, and a joint optimization framework for formulating bidding and pricing strategies that integrates ESS facilities is proposed. Second, an uncertain user response model is developed based on price-response mechanisms, and actual market settlement rules accounting for under- and over-responses are employed to calculate trading revenues, where possible revenue losses are quantified via conditional value at risk. Third, by imposing these terms and the capacity allocation mechanism of ESS, the risk-aware stochastic coordinated trading model of the LA is built, where the bidding and pricing strategies in the dual model that trade off risk and profit are derived. The simulation results of a case study validate the effectiveness of the proposed trading strategy in controlling trading risk and improving the trading income of the LA.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"4 1","pages":"31-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10934762","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation 基于逆变器的恒热负荷集群集中综合惯性控制

iEnergy Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2025.0003

Te Zhou;Meng Zhou;Shuai Wang;Zhi Li;Yang Han;Tomislav Capuder;Ning Zhang

{"title":"Centralized synthetic inertia control of inverter-based thermostatically controlled load clusters for grid frequency regulation","authors":"Te Zhou;Meng Zhou;Shuai Wang;Zhi Li;Yang Han;Tomislav Capuder;Ning Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2025.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2025.0003","url":null,"abstract":"As the development of new power systems progresses, the inherent inertia of power systems continues to diminish. Centralized frequency regulation, which relies on rapid communication and real-time control, can enable inverter-based thermostatically controlled load (ITCL) clusters to provide virtual inertia support to the power grid. However, ITCL clusters exhibit significant discrete response characteristics, which precludes the direct integration of load-side inertia support into the synchronous unit side. To address this issue, this paper elaborates on the existing technical framework and analyzes the underlying causes of the problem. It proposes a timestamp allocation mechanism for ITCL cluster control instructions, ensuring that many ITCL terminals can be triggered at staggered times, thereby allowing the load cluster power to adhere to the inertia analog control law at any moment. Building on this foundation, the paper further examines the impact of the inertia response delay of ITCL clusters, which is based on centralized frequency regulation, on the stability of the power system. A design scheme for inertia analog control parameters is proposed, taking into account dual constraints, frequency stability and load cluster regulation capacity. Finally, the feasibility and applicability of the proposed mechanism and parameter design scheme are investigated through simulations conducted via MATLAB/Simulink.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"4 1","pages":"16-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10934761","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143688091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical clearing time sensitivity of power systems with high power electronic penetration 大功率电子侵彻电力系统的临界清零时间敏感性

iEnergy Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2025.0001

Yuqian Zhang;Feng Liu;Qinglai Guo

引用次数: 0

The rooftop PV revolution 屋顶光伏革命

iEnergy Pub Date : 2025-01-29 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2025.0002

Antonio Gómez-Expósito

引用次数: 0

Methods of Suppressing Ion Migration in n-i-p Perovskite Solar Cells 抑制n-i-p钙钛矿太阳能电池中离子迁移的方法

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0029

Dongmei He;Yue Yu;Xinxing Liu;Xuxia Shai;Jiangzhao Chen

引用次数: 0

A Novel Trapped Field Magnet Enabled by a Quasi-Operational HTS Coil 一种由准操作高温超导线圈实现的新型困场磁体

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0030

Hengpei Liao;Aleksandr Shchukin;Roshan Parajuli;Xavier Chaud;Jung-Bin Song;Min Zhang;Weijia Yuan

{"title":"A Novel Trapped Field Magnet Enabled by a Quasi-Operational HTS Coil","authors":"Hengpei Liao;Aleksandr Shchukin;Roshan Parajuli;Xavier Chaud;Jung-Bin Song;Min Zhang;Weijia Yuan","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0030","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a novel approach to realizing compact high-field superconducting magnets by enabling a closed-loop high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil through magnetization. A circular closed-loop HTS coil is fabricated with a low resistive joint for field cooling magnetization. The HTS coil achieved a trapped field with only a 0.0087% decay in central field over 30 minutes. More interestingly, the central trapped field of 4.59 T exceeds the initial applied field of 4.5 T, while a peak trapped field of 6 T near the inner edge of the HTS coil, is identified through further numerical investigation. This phenomenon differs from the trapped field distributions observed in HTS bulks and stacks, where the trapped cannot exceed the applied one. Unique distributions of current density and magnetic field are identified as the reason for the trapped field exceeding the applied field. This study offers a new way to develop compact HTS magnets for a range of high-field applications such as superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems, superconducting machines, Maglev and proposes a viable method for amplifying the field strength beyond that of existing magnetic field source devices.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 4","pages":"261-267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Four-Terminal Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells 四端钙钛矿串联太阳能电池

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0025

Muhammad Rafiq;Hengyue Li;Junliang Yang

{"title":"Four-Terminal Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Muhammad Rafiq;Hengyue Li;Junliang Yang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0025","url":null,"abstract":"One of the primary barriers to the advancement of high-efficiency energy conversion technologies is the Shockley-Queisser limit, which imposes a fundamental efficiency constraint on single-junction solar cells. The advent of multi-junction solar cells provides a formidable alternative to this obstacle. Among these, organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have captured substantial interest due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties, including tunable bandgaps and high-power conversion efficiencies, positioning them as prime candidates for multi-junction photovoltaic systems. We give a review of the latest advancements in four-terminal (4T) perovskite tandem solar cells (TSCs), emphasizing four pertinent configurations: perovskite-silicon (PVK/Si), perovskite-perovskite (PVK/PVK), perovskite-Cu(In,Ga)Se\u0000<inf>2</inf>\u0000 (PVK/CIGS), and perovskite-organic (PVK/organic), as well as other emerging 4T perovskite TSCs. Further, it also emphasizes the advancement of semitransparent wide-bandgap PSCs for TSC applications, tackling important issues and outlining potential future directions for optimizing 4T tandem design performance.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 4","pages":"216-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intelligent Adjustment for Power System Operation Mode Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning 基于深度强化学习的电力系统运行模式智能调整

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0028

Wei Hu;Ning Mi;Shuang Wu;Huiling Zhang;Zhewen Hu;Lei Zhang

{"title":"Intelligent Adjustment for Power System Operation Mode Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning","authors":"Wei Hu;Ning Mi;Shuang Wu;Huiling Zhang;Zhewen Hu;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.23919/IEN.2024.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23919/IEN.2024.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Power flow adjustment is a sequential decision problem. The operator makes decisions to ensure that the power flow meets the system's operational constraints, thereby obtaining a typical operating mode power flow. However, this decision-making method relies heavily on human experience, which is inefficient when the system is complex. In addition, the results given by the current evaluation system are difficult to directly guide the intelligent power flow adjustment. In order to improve the efficiency and intelligence of power flow adjustment, this paper proposes a power flow adjustment method based on deep reinforcement learning. Combining deep reinforcement learning theory with traditional power system operation mode analysis, the concept of region mapping is proposed to describe the adjustment process, so as to analyze the process of power flow calculation and manual adjustment. Considering the characteristics of power flow adjustment, a Markov decision process model suitable for power flow adjustment is constructed. On this basis, a double Q network learning method suitable for power flow adjustment is proposed. This method can adjust the power flow according to the set adjustment route, thus improving the intelligent level of power flow adjustment. The method in this paper is tested on China Electric Power Research Institute (CEPRI) test system.","PeriodicalId":100648,"journal":{"name":"iEnergy","volume":"3 4","pages":"252-260"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10818561","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142905950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-Short-Term Wind-Power Forecasting Based on an Optimized CNN-BILSTM-Attention Model 基于优化CNN-BILSTM-Attention模型的超短期风电预测

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0026

Weilong Yu;Shuaibing Li;Hao Zhang;Yongqiang Kang;Hongwei Li;Haiying Dong

引用次数: 0

Toward Clean, Efficient, and Intelligent Power and Energy Systems 迈向清洁、高效和智能的电力和能源系统

iEnergy Pub Date : 2024-12-30 DOI: 10.23919/IEN.2024.0031

引用次数: 0

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