{"title":"Design and Optimization of Efficient Digital Machine Learning Accelerators: An overview of architecture choices, efficient quantization, sparsity exploration, and system integration techniques","authors":"Wei Tang;Sung-Gun Cho;Jie-Fang Zhang;Zhengya Zhang","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3549361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3549361","url":null,"abstract":"Digital machine learning (ML) accelerators are popular and widely used. We provide an overview of the SIMD and systolic array architectures that form the foundation of many accelerator designs. The demand for higher compute density, energy efficiency, and scalability has been increasing. To address these needs, new ML accelerator designs have adopted a range of techniques, including advanced architectural design, more efficient quantization, exploiting data-level sparsity, and leveraging new integration technologies. For each of these techniques, we review the common approaches, identify the design tradeoffs, and discuss their implications.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"30-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SSCS Winter 2025 AdCom Meeting [Society News]","authors":"Danielle Marinese","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3563742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3563742","url":null,"abstract":"Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"79-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11044961","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Man Shi;Adrian Kneip;Nicolas Chauvaux;Jiacong Sun;Charlotte Frenkel;Marian Verhelst
{"title":"Sparsity-Aware Hardware: From Overheads to Performance Benefits","authors":"Man Shi;Adrian Kneip;Nicolas Chauvaux;Jiacong Sun;Charlotte Frenkel;Marian Verhelst","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3549709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3549709","url":null,"abstract":"As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform multiple sectors, its exponential growth in computational demands presents significant challenges for hardware infrastructure. This article examines sparsity, the prevalence of zeros in AI workloads, as a promising approach to address these challenges. While sparsity offers potential efficiency gains, its practical implementation requires careful consideration of hardware constraints and computational overheads. Therefore, this article cooperates with a virtual performance roofline model to analyze various sparsity techniques and their associated tradeoffs, aiming to bridge the gap between theoretical potential and practical implementation in AI accelerator design.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"61-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Michiel S. J. Steyaert Receives the 2025 IEEE Donald O. Pederson Award in Solid-State Circuits [Awards]","authors":"Danielle Marinese","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564080","url":null,"abstract":"Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"104-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11044936","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SSCS Student Branch Chapter at the National Engineering School of Sousse: Highlights From Late 2024 to 2025 [Chapters]","authors":"Habiba Bouras","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564427","url":null,"abstract":"Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"90-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11044951","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"ISSCC 2025 Plenary Session [Conference Reports]","authors":"Tom Burd","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564027","url":null,"abstract":"Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"111-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11044960","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Inspiring Innovation: SSCS SEC Student Branch Chapter Leads With Global Impact and Grassroots Outreach [Chapters]","authors":"L. Kurinjimalar","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564421","url":null,"abstract":"Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"88-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11044965","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE IISc VLSI Chapter: Nurturing Innovation and Engineering Research Through Esteemed Seminars—Activity Highlights [Chapters]","authors":"Kalidasan K.;Sayantika Roy;Abhinava De;Soham Lakhote;Easha Easha;Rahul Reji","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564370","url":null,"abstract":"Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"94-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11044959","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing the Future: The Role of Solid-State Circuits in the Next Decade [Chapters]","authors":"Nimasha Pilippange","doi":"10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MSSC.2025.3564422","url":null,"abstract":"Provides society information that may include news, reviews or technical notes that should be of interest to practitioners and researchers.","PeriodicalId":100636,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Solid-State Circuits Magazine","volume":"17 2","pages":"98-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11044981","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}