{"title":"Passive Cancellation Method for Reduction of Common-Mode Noise Currents","authors":"Yeu-Torng Yau","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3461571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3461571","url":null,"abstract":"To meet the requirements of electromagnetic interference (EMI) certification, ac-dc converters always require a common-mode (CM) filter to limit the amount of EMI emissions transferred to the power grid. However, CM filters based on the well-known LC low-pass filter are usually bulky and costly. Many solutions to this problem have been proposed based on active filter technologies, which have the major drawback of requiring the use of current detectors, active circuits, and auxiliary power supplies. Therefore, a passive CM current cancellation method is proposed that is composed entirely of passive components and has the advantages of cost and system reliability. Compared with conventional passive LC filters, the number of magnetic components is the same, and only one additional winding is required. Previous studies only presented an ideal model without any related derivation, and the impact of any nonlinear components was not mentioned. In this letter, a further derivation of the nonlinear model is provided, and a comparison of the differences based on different characteristics of inductors is conducted to improve the circuit design.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":"149-154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10680882","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Simple Method to Build a Linear Circuit Model for a Multiwinding Transformer Used in EMI/EMC Analysis","authors":"Sajjad Sadeghi;Mehdi Gholizadeh;Herbert Hackl;Amin Pak;David Pommerenke","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3459795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3459795","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an easy-to-use technique for identifying lumped parameters of equivalent circuits for multiwinding transformers. The equivalent circuit helps to model electromagnetic-compatibility (EMC) noise. This letter takes two paths to create linear models for a multiwinding transformer: 1) RLC with physical meaning of all components, but limited to 10 MHz and 2) a nine-port S-parameter black-box model, but valid up to at least 1 GHz. The method is illustrated on a single-core transformer with four windings used in a flyback converter for an automotive 40–1000-V input auxiliary power supply for an 800-V battery system.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":"138-143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10680062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Learning and ECM Fusion for Realization of Advanced Resistive Ink FSS-Based Customized Microwave Absorber","authors":"Anjali Agrawal;Anil Kumar;Ravi Panwar","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3458790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3458790","url":null,"abstract":"This letter introduces a simple frequency-selective surface (FSS) design for a resistive microwave absorber in X-band applications. It utilizes a polymer-based dielectric substrate and Y-Shield HSF 64 resistive ink with a conductivity of 640 S/m. The absorber’s design is realized using a deep neural network (DNN) integrated with equivalent circuit modeling (ECM) and validated through the bees algorithm (BeA). Fabrication involves manually creating \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1times 3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 unit cells, followed by experimental evaluation using the WR-90 rectangular waveguide method. Results from ECM-backed DNN, ECM-assisted BeA, and full-wave simulation align closely with measured data, demonstrating a minimum reflection coefficient of −22.5 dB at the resonant frequency of 10 GHz with a bandwidth of 4.2 GHz (8.2–12.4 GHz) for normal incidence. This letter also examines the surface current distribution and electromagnetic (EM) properties, highlighting the absorber’s simplicity, flexibility, lightweight construction, polarization insensitivity, angular stability, and wideband characteristics, making it suitable for customized stealth and electromagnetic- compatibility (EMC) applications.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEEE ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY SOCIETY","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3446428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3446428","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"C2-C2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synopsis of the September 2024 Issue of the IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","authors":"Frank Sabath","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3447148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3447148","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only: Abstracts of articles presented in this issue of the publication.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"85-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10669051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Electromagnetic Frequency Response Prediction Based on LSTM","authors":"Shenghang Huo;Jinjun Bai;Haichuan Cao;Jinming Yao","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3454427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3454427","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), it is very difficult to obtain accurate high-frequency data, both for experiments and finite-element simulations. At this stage, frequency response prediction techniques based on deep learning have been applied in the field of EMC, such as long short-term memory (LSTM). However, the current research is in the state of “one thing at a time,” and there is no systematic performance analysis or research on LSTM. In this letter, the performance analysis idea based on the feature-selective validation (FSV) method is proposed to comprehensively analyze the prediction performance of LSTM with the help of eight sets of classical electromagnetic data examples. Finally, the analytical conclusions obtained are applied to the prediction of the shielding effectiveness of metal boxes to verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical ideas.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 4","pages":"126-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Equivalent Circuit-Aided Miniaturized High-Q Frequency-Selective Rasorber","authors":"Mehran Manzoor Zargar;Archana Rajput;Kushmanda Saurav","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3424390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3424390","url":null,"abstract":"This letter proposes an equivalent circuit-aided novel design of a highly selective and miniaturized absorption-transmission–absorption (A-T-A) frequency-selective rasorber (FSR). The idea of incorporating low-frequency resonators in the absorptive circuit is utilized for realizing a miniaturized broadband absorber. Further, the LC circuit resonator is studied and incorporated with the equivalent circuit model, leading to a transmission pole through the front resistive network. Correspondingly, a Minkowski fractal (MF)-shaped loop resonator is proposed on the top layer, which is capable of realizing a transmission pole in concurrence with the operating frequency of the bottom bandpass layer. The proposed FSR is a 2-layer design realizing high selectivity (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$Q{=}24.14$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) at the passband of 9.9 GHz, which makes it the most suitable candidate for shielding/radar cross section (RCS) reduction applications of the narrowband radiating systems. Moreover, the proposed rasorber also exhibits compact size (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.015{lambda }_{L}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), less thickness (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.081{lambda }_{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000), and wider absorption bands (3.7–9.3 GHz and 10.6–15.9 GHz in the lower and upper bands, respectively), in comparison with the existing literature. Furthermore, in the proposed FSR, the passband can be varied from 9.2 to 12.3 GHz by tuning the parameters of resistive and bandpass layers. A \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$25times 25$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 array prototype is fabricated, and the results are experimentally validated.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"96-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Source Emulation Method Based on 2-Tone Sinusoidal Jitter Modeling for High-Speed Serial-Link Compliance Testing","authors":"Baekseok Ko;Eakhwan Song","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3417008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3417008","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose a compliance test emulation method for high-speed serial links based on source and channel modeling. The source and channel are characterized by using the proposed 2-tone sinusoidal jitter (SJ) modeling and impulse responses, respectively. The proposed 2-tone model represents periodic jitter components which include phase noise and power supply-induced jitter (PSIJ). The proposed method enables a sink device-only compliance test by effectively emulating the source devices and channels, which reduces the test time and cost. The effectiveness of the proposed link emulation method is demonstrated by comparing its performance with that of conventional compliance tests.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Berthoud;J.-M. Duchamp;A. Niembro-Martin;E. Dreina;F. Ndagijimana
{"title":"Coupling on RF Cable Outer Conductors in Diffuse Field Environments","authors":"Y. Berthoud;J.-M. Duchamp;A. Niembro-Martin;E. Dreina;F. Ndagijimana","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3414855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3414855","url":null,"abstract":"This letter deals with the electromagnetic (EM) coupling on the outer conductor of radiofrequency (RF) cables in reverberant environments. It highlights the need to consider measurement cables, more generally any wire, in a power balance (PWB) model as they can induce non-neglectable coupling in the system. A model to integrate cables running through multiple cavities is also proposed and validated on a 3-cavity configuration. Finally, we compare two PWB models of a switchgear assembly: one excluding wires and the other including them.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 3","pages":"106-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Practical RF Coupling FPC Design for Evaluating High-Speed Interface Immunity in Smart Phones","authors":"Xingguo Jiang;Songsong Zhang;Shui Liu","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3392530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2024.3392530","url":null,"abstract":"This letter addresses the importance of evaluating the radio-frequency immunity (RFI) absolute level at high-speed interfaces in a smart phone product. In this letter, a practical radio-frequency coupling flexible-printed circuit (FPC) design was introduced. It can be adapted to a device under test (DUT) easily, comparing the high-speed RFI level margin across different DUTs. The proposed evaluation method has been tested, and results are provided for consideration.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"6 2","pages":"67-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141164684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}