Neda Nourshamsi;Amir H. Jafari;Pedro Uría Rodríguez;Jeffrey A. Nanzer
{"title":"A Hybrid Model to Estimate Mean of Maximum Fields Inside Small Metal Enclosures Using Deep Neural Networks and Maximum Likelihood Estimator","authors":"Neda Nourshamsi;Amir H. Jafari;Pedro Uría Rodríguez;Jeffrey A. Nanzer","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3162068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3162068","url":null,"abstract":"This letter addresses a new regression model with the deep neural network (DNN) to estimate the mean of the maximum field inside two different nested-reverberation chamber configurations. In this model, a frequency range that the enclosure is expected to be in the over-moded regime is used as an input of the network, and the mean of the maximum field for both aperture scenarios is used as the output of the network. A 16-layer network with two regression heads provided the best regression model for both configurations, manifesting the trained model can accurately extrapolate the mean of maxima in the other frequency steps that are not used in the training data set. The tested and training root-mean-squared errors \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$(485e^{-5}, 851e^{-5})$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 are achieved with the network, demonstrating the network is feasible to detect the mean of maxima for two different nested-chamber configurations, extending the earlier work which considered estimation of the mean of maxima for a single nested chamber-configuration.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67896191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synopsis of the June 2022 Issue of the IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3169630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3169630","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only: Abstracts of articles presented in this issue of the publication.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"22-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel7/8566057/9780465/09780632.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68072225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qazi Mashaal Khan;Lokesh Devaraj;Mohsen Koohestani;Alastair R. Ruddle;Mohamed Ramdani;Richard Perdriau
{"title":"Synergistic Effect of Multitone EMI on the Conducted Immunity of Integrated Oscillators","authors":"Qazi Mashaal Khan;Lokesh Devaraj;Mohsen Koohestani;Alastair R. Ruddle;Mohamed Ramdani;Richard Perdriau","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3175433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3175433","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of two oscillator circuits, namely a current-starved voltage controlled oscillator and a ring oscillator, is compared with respect to multi-tone direct power injection (DPI). The objective is to investigate the impact of causal dependence between multi-tones on the immunity levels of integrated blocks with different architectures but similar functionality. The multi-tone immunity analysis performed using the probabilistic noisy-OR model reveals an increase in the probability of failure due to electromagnetic interference relatively to single-tone EM disturbance. The proportions of inhibition and positive causality, as well as the mean degree of synergy (\u0000<italic>DoS</i>\u0000) caused by multi-tone EM disturbances, are extensively compared for both oscillator circuits.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 3","pages":"77-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67868259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Albarracin;D. Martinez;G. N. Appiah;J. Galvis;C. Kasmi;N. Mora
{"title":"Spectral Response of the Conical Monopole as Field Sensor Calibration Setup","authors":"F. Albarracin;D. Martinez;G. N. Appiah;J. Galvis;C. Kasmi;N. Mora","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3157484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3157484","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a comparative analysis of the spectral response of two versions of the conical monopole on a ground plane calibration setups for electromagnetic field sensors. Relevant characteristics of such setups are established as practical considerations on the effective calibration bandwidth and the required dynamic range in the measurement chain.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"47-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67896194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diego Trelles-Molina;Regulo A. Rosado-Romero;Daniel A. Ortuño-González;Esteban Fernández
{"title":"Extension on IEC 61000-3-6’s General Summation Law to Estimate Harmonic Current at PCC Based on Probability Distribution","authors":"Diego Trelles-Molina;Regulo A. Rosado-Romero;Daniel A. Ortuño-González;Esteban Fernández","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3150750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3150750","url":null,"abstract":"Measurements of current harmonics at the point of common coupling (PCC) of individual customer facilities are necessary to assess limit compliance. However, customers do not always have access to their PCC, forcing them to take measurements downstream and make estimations. This letter expands the capabilities of the general summation law introduced in IEC/TR 63000-3-6 from transmission systems to individual customer facilities, allowing them to accurately perform such estimations. The main difference with these facilities and whole transmission systems is a smaller number of harmonic sources. Guidelines to perform the proposed estimations are given. Typical cases are simulated and the probabilities which support the proposed summation exponents are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"36-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67896192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applicability of Wenner’s Method for Measuring Resistivity and Permittivity of Deep Soil at High Frequency","authors":"Bo Zhang;Zhuoran Liu","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3149686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3149686","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluating the frequency-dependent resistivity and permittivity of deep soil is necessary for accurately analyzing the transient performance of grounding device. In this paper the skin effect of soil and the effect of the current measurement lead of Wenner’s method on the current distribution in the soil at different frequency are investigated by numerical simulation, with which the applicability of Wenner’s method for measuring the frequency-dependent resistivity and permittivity of deep soil is analyzed. The results show that the Wenner’s method can definitely be used only at frequencies below 500 Hz for \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$100~{Omega }text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 soil, because at higher frequency most of the current collects in the topsoil due to the skin effect and the induction of the current measurement lead on the current distribution in the soil. The higher the resistivity, or the shorter the distance between the current poles, the higher the applicable frequency.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"40-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68072226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Martinez;Fernando Albarracin-Vargas;Juan Galvis;Gideon N. Appiah;Felix Vega;Chaouki Kasmi;Nicolas Mora
{"title":"Comparison of Extrapolation Methods for Truncated Cable Response Transfer Functions Used in De-Embedding Time-Domain Measurements","authors":"David Martinez;Fernando Albarracin-Vargas;Juan Galvis;Gideon N. Appiah;Felix Vega;Chaouki Kasmi;Nicolas Mora","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3145340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3145340","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents a comparison of three extrapolation methods used to reconstruct the missing parts of truncated cable response transfer functions (TFs) used to de-embed measured transient electromagnetic signals. In the first method (M1), the magnitude of the known TF at the extreme frequencies is kept constant for all the unknown frequencies. The second method (M2) uses a linear extrapolation of the magnitude of the known TF at the highest frequency and a decade earlier. The third method (M3) uses the known portions of the TF to extract its minimum phase function, using the discrete Hilbert transform integrals. The performance of the three methods is analyzed for different rise times of the incident field and with practical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the oscilloscope input. For noise-free signals, M1 and M2 outperform M3 for almost all the considered rise times. On the other hand, the three methods produce errors within the same order of magnitude for noised signals. Given the complexity and computational time required to implement M3, it is suggested that M1 or M2 are used in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67872934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinho Kim;Jihyun Lee;Seonha Lee;Jungsun Yoo;Sungwook Moon;Kil-Hoon Lee;Hyun-Wook Lim;Jaeyoul Lee
{"title":"SI Considerations in Flexible Channels on High-Speed Intra-Panel Interface for Large-Size Flat Panel Display Applications","authors":"Jinho Kim;Jihyun Lee;Seonha Lee;Jungsun Yoo;Sungwook Moon;Kil-Hoon Lee;Hyun-Wook Lim;Jaeyoul Lee","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3145325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3145325","url":null,"abstract":"In flat panel display modules with a large-size and high-resolution for TV applications, signaling channels are relatively short on flexible printed circuit (FPC) cable or chip-on-film (COF) package when compared to those of the source PCBs. However, the short distance channels can significantly affect overall signal integrity (SI) performance. Thus, this letter focuses mainly on analysis and design of signal interconnection on FPC cable and COF package in terms of impedance matching and crosstalk. By optimizing the FPC cable design to mitigate crosstalk as well as insertion loss, the opening area of eye diagram was found to be improved more than twice over the previous one. In addition, through adjusting process of on-die capacitance of electro-static discharge (ESD) protection circuitry in the input stage of a high-speed circuit block, the created parasitic inductance of COF package trace was observed to be compensated. This optimization process can improve greatly system performance by widening the input eye opening. Finally, we propose channel design considerations and design guidelines to ensure better SI performance in flexible channels on high-speed intra-panel interface for large-size liquid crystal display (LCD) TV applications.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68044004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Galvis;David Martinez;Gideon N. Appiah;Fernando Albarracin;Chaouki Kasmi;Nicolas Mora
{"title":"Efficient Estimation of the Band-Ratio of HPEM Sources for IEME Classification","authors":"Juan Galvis;David Martinez;Gideon N. Appiah;Fernando Albarracin;Chaouki Kasmi;Nicolas Mora","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3145345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3145345","url":null,"abstract":"This letter presents an efficient method for the estimation of the band-ratio for discrete spectra. We propose an algorithm that performs an efficient search of the boundary frequencies used to calculate the band-ratio. Then, this algorithm is improved through an adaptive resampling algorithm that reduces the number of samples in the spectrum while maintaining the integrity of the frequency representation. The proposed approach is compared with two additional methods and tested on several types of pulses to validate its efficiency.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"7-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67872932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Ruiz-Perez;S. M. López Estrada;F. Caballero Briones
{"title":"Tunable, Wideband X-Band Microwave Absorbers Using Variable Chessboard Surfaces","authors":"F. Ruiz-Perez;S. M. López Estrada;F. Caballero Briones","doi":"10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3141775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LEMCPA.2022.3141775","url":null,"abstract":"In this communication, the design and electromagnetic absorption of a metamaterial coating with a broad modulable absorption in the 8 to 12 GHz frequency range, corresponding to the X-band, is reported. The unit of the coating material consists of a chessboard with chess squares of different heights made of a rGO/Fe\u0000<sub>3</sub>\u0000O\u0000<sub>4</sub>\u0000/PPy composite. The influence of the height ratio of the chess squares in a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5 times 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 chessboard on the reflection loss (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$R_{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) response of electromagnetic radiation in the X band was studied \u0000<italic>in silico</i>\u0000. The results demonstrate that the chessboard-like microwave absorber exhibit tunable response, with a maximum effective reflection loss of −37.43 dB/GHz in the X band range, ca. 24 % higher than the best single layer coating.","PeriodicalId":100625,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Letters on Electromagnetic Compatibility Practice and Applications","volume":"4 2","pages":"44-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67896193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}