{"title":"Call for Papers - Special Issue on Circular, Sustainable, and Green Electronics","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2024.3363981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2024.3363981","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 2","pages":"87-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10430075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139710548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessio Mostaccio;Gianni Antonelli;Rosamaria Capuano;Corrado Di Natale;Eugenio Martinelli;Gaetano Marrocco
{"title":"Full-LIG Wireless Batteryless Flexible Sensor for the Detection of Triethylamine","authors":"Alessio Mostaccio;Gianni Antonelli;Rosamaria Capuano;Corrado Di Natale;Eugenio Martinelli;Gaetano Marrocco","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2024.3361804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2024.3361804","url":null,"abstract":"Low-cost detection and quantitative measurement of volatile compounds are crucial in preserving the quality and integrity of food in mass volumes. A packaging-compatible wireless sensing and batteryless device can be entirely done of laser-induced graphene (LIG) which does not require additional conductors. Here, the proposed device is a flexible and fully integrated 868-MHz antenna and interdigital capacitor made by variable lasing parameters to simultaneously maximize the radiation performance and dump the RF-induced currents on the sensing device. The geometrical integration among the two devices is deeply investigated to reduce the parasitic capacitances that hinder the stability and accuracy of the measurement. The resulting device has the size of a credit card and can be read from up to 1.6 m through a standard UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) protocol. The sensing capabilities are tested by coating the capacitor with a chemical interactive material (CIM) (PEGDA) suitable to react to triethylamine compounds. Application of standard machine learning techniques permits to identify different concentrations (from 10% to 45%) of amine in a controlled environment with an \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mathbf {RMSE}approxeq 5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$R^{2} =0.8$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 3","pages":"90-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fengyuan Liu;Sreetosh Goswami;Lijia Pan;Yanzhi Wang
{"title":"Guest Editorial Special Issue on Neuromorphic Devices and Circuits for Next-Generation Flexible Electronics in IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","authors":"Fengyuan Liu;Sreetosh Goswami;Lijia Pan;Yanzhi Wang","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2024.3350828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2024.3350828","url":null,"abstract":"It is fascinating how our body receives an immense amount of sensory information through numerous receptors distributed throughout the body and efficiently integrates it to make decisions for daily activities, while maintaining extremely low energy consumption and cognitive load. This bioinspired sensory information processing paradigm offers unparalleled advantages over traditional von Neumann architectures due to its exceptional energy efficiency, fault tolerance, and adaptability. While previous efforts in this area have mainly focused on the development of biomimetic sensors, it is equally important to create a computing architecture that can process sensory data locally before transmitting it to a higher level. The strategy of offloading computation at the edge can significantly reduce data latency, saving transmission bandwidth and relieving the burden of computation at a higher level, just like the way our peripheral nervous system complements the central nervous system.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 1","pages":"2-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10413924","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Layout Design for DNTT-Based Organic TFTs Considering Fringe Leakage Current","authors":"Kunihiro Oshima;Kazunori Kuribara;Takashi Sato","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2024.3354715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2024.3354715","url":null,"abstract":"Dinaphtho[2,3-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000:\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2'$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000,\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3'$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$f$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000]thieno [3,2-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$b$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000]thiophene (DNTT) is recognized for its excellent carrier mobility and stability, which makes it a popular choice for p-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) in thin-film transistors (TFTs) for flexible electronics. Practical applications of DNTT-based organic TFTs (OTFTs) have revealed that their leakage currents are significantly layout-dependent. In this article, we propose and evaluate three OTFT layouts with different layer–contact combinations to assess the leakage current characteristics. Among the proposed layouts, two exhibit noticeable leakage currents, one in the gate insulator and the other in the OSC fringe; the third layout successfully reduces these leakage currents. Our results indicate that the layout exhibiting the fringe leakage current is well suited for use as a pseudo-resistive device with tunable resistance, while the layout with the high ON–OFF current ratio is suitable for use as a switching device. Based on our measurement results, we propose a fringe leakage current model for designing efficient OTFT circuits. We analyze the transfer characteristics of pseudo-CMOS logic gates with various pull-down network layouts to demonstrate the application as a pseudo-resistive device. Our results show that the pull-down network with the pseudo-resistive device effectively controls the output voltage swing, thereby enhancing the stability of OTFT-based circuits.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 3","pages":"100-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140135248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sumit Majumder;Arup Kumer Roy;Wei Jiang;Tapas Mondal;M. Jamal Deen
{"title":"Smart Textiles to Enable In-Home Health Care: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Perspectives","authors":"Sumit Majumder;Arup Kumer Roy;Wei Jiang;Tapas Mondal;M. Jamal Deen","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2023.3339587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2023.3339587","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid advances in high-speed and low-power computing, communication, and sensor technologies have propelled the growth of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology. IoT enables sensors, actuators, and devices to work together in applications such as a smart home to track the health, activity, comfort, and well-being of residents, thus potentially revolutionizing the healthcare system. Textile-based wearables offer a promising solution to monitor health and activity in a smart home setting while ensuring comfort and unobtrusiveness. In fact, there has been a growing trend among researchers to develop textile-based sensors for measuring and monitoring vital signs, such as heart rate, body temperature, respiratory rate, biochemicals, humidity, and activities of daily living (ADLs). Researchers are also actively pursuing the development of electronic components, which are based on textiles, thus creating a new generation of wearable technology. Therefore, it is no wonder that the smart-textile market is expected to grow to over \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${$}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u00004 billion by 2030. However, factors such as cost-effectiveness, manufacturing scalability, device performance, environmental and safety concerns, and privacy issues may impede the market penetration of smart textiles. In this article, we present a comprehensive overview of the current state of research and development in the manufacturing of smart textiles and textile-based sensors with a focus on their application in monitoring and management of health in a smart home environment.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 4","pages":"120-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141500191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible Electrolyte-Based Devices for Neuromorphic Electronics","authors":"Honglin Song;Yanran Li;Zhuohui Huang;Yi Zhang;Jie Jiang","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2023.3335182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JFLEX.2023.3335182","url":null,"abstract":"It is difficult for traditional digital circuits to gain a foothold in the next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) because the von Neumann architecture faces storage and power consumption walls that are difficult to break through. Fortunately, biologically inspired neuromorphic devices can realize bio-sensing, memory, and computing functions with low power consumption and high energy efficiency, which opens up a new way to break the above technological bottlenecks. Particularly, flexible electrolyte-based neuromorphic devices have significant application potential in the fields of bio-prosthesis, wearable intelligent systems, and brain–computer interface due to their flexible, reconfigurable, and biocompatible characteristics. This article introduces their working mechanisms and recent progresses in artificial neural networks, bionic perception systems, and human–machine interfaces. Finally, the existing problems, challenges, and future directions are discussed.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 1","pages":"29-41"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139572984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor With High Strain Sensitivity and Pressure Insensitivity for Motion Monitoring","authors":"Yi Du;Lin Sun;Lu Yang;Chengpeng Jiang;Wentao Xu","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2023.3332567","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JFLEX.2023.3332567","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible strain sensors have attracted particular attention in monitoring the biological activity of organisms. This article presents a flexible piezoresistive strain sensor (FPSS) that uses nano- and micromaterials and a sensitive unit with a microspheric structure. The stretchable strain sensor exploits carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and achieves stable strain sensing performance with excellent Qhmic characteristics and good durability, possesses a high sensitivity [gauge factor (GF) ≈ 146] under tensile strain, and is insensitive to pressure. While attached to human skin areas, it can distinguish facial expressions, deep breathing, and finger motions. These results imply this strain sensor may have applications in e-skins.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 1","pages":"4-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135662213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Dijkshoorn;Thijs Hamstra;Remco Sanders;Stefano Stramigioli;Gijs Krijnen
{"title":"DC Electric Metamaterial Behavior in Fused Filament Fabrication Prints With Tuned Interfaces","authors":"Alexander Dijkshoorn;Thijs Hamstra;Remco Sanders;Stefano Stramigioli;Gijs Krijnen","doi":"10.1109/JFLEX.2023.3331563","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JFLEX.2023.3331563","url":null,"abstract":"DC Electric metamaterials are interesting for electronics, sensors, and actuators by enabling steering of current. In this article, we realize such dc electric metamaterials with fused filament fabrication (FFF) by tuning the nozzle temperature, bed temperature, and extrusion width to achieve anisotropic electrical conduction. Both temperatures influence the magnitude of the contact resistance between printed lines, whereas the extrusion width determines the number of interfaces per unit length. An anisotropic effective medium approximation (EMA) model is used to analyze the effect of the electrical parameters and is verified with finite element (FEM) simulations. Measurements are performed with a setup inspired by the pseudo-Hall effect. Finally, exploiting the anisotropic properties of 3-D printed conductors, we present a current concentrator and its operation is demonstrated through IR thermography and voltage measurements.","PeriodicalId":100623,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Journal on Flexible Electronics","volume":"3 2","pages":"72-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135559917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}