IDS Working Papers最新文献

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 364: Expert Advocacy for the Marginalised: How and Why Democratic Mediation Matters to Deepening Democracy in the Global South","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00364_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00364_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 364","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00364_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137720484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Protection and Socioeconomic Security in Nepal","authors":"Gabriele Koehler","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00370_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00370_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nepal, with a population of 27.6 million people, is a ‘least developed country’ in many ways. The country is characterised by significant socioeconomic insecurity, comprising structurally-generated income poverty, a politically and socially fragile post-conflict situation, threats to the environment, and deeply entrenched forms of social exclusion. At the same time, it is a country characterised by interesting socio-political policy innovations, triggered by the end of a ten-year violent conflict. Building on a discussion of the country's challenges, the paper explores the policy responses in the domain of social protection devised by the interim government to address the various dimensions of insecurity, and to show their novelty as well as their limitations. The final section offers some ideas on policy areas which would be needed to improve socioeconomic security.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 370","pages":"1-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00370_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112555791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does Better Local Governance Improve District Growth Performance in Indonesia?","authors":"Neil McCulloch,&nbsp;Edmund Malesky","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00369_2.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00369_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A large literature suggests that countries with better governance have higher growth rates. We explore whether this is also true at the sub-national level in Indonesia. We exploit a new dataset of firm perceptions of the quality of economic governance in 243 districts across Indonesia to estimate the impact of nine different dimensions of governance on district growth. Surprisingly, we find relatively little evidence of a robust relationship between the quality of governance and economic performance. However, we do find support for the idea that structural variables, such as economic size, natural resource endowments and population, have a direct influence on the quality of local governance as well as on economic growth. This suggests that efforts to improve local governance should pay greater attention to understanding how such structural characteristics shape the local political economy and how this in turn influences economic performance.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 369","pages":"1-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00369_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91942998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing Success in the Fight against Malnutrition in Peru","authors":"Andrés Mejía Acosta","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00367.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00367.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of underweight children worldwide fell from 31per cent in 1990 to 26 per cent in 2008 (UNICEF 2009). However, progress is still slow and very uneven. Half of the countries have made progress on hunger, but levels of malnutrition did not improve in 28 countries and got worse in 24. The case of Peru appears to be an encouraging exception to the rule. With the support of CARE and others organisations from civil society and the donor community, the Peruvian Government has generated the political momentum to overcome obstacles and create national coordination structures and mechanisms, increase public (and private) spending on programs to tackle malnutrition and align social programs with the national nutrition strategy (known as CRECER). This included adding conditionalities on taking children to regular growth monitoring in the Conditional Cash Transfer programme, JUNTOS. The international aid system has also aligned itself around CRECER. After ten years of almost no change in child chronic malnutrition (stunting) rates (25.8 per cent in 1996, and 22.9 per cent in 2005 – with rural rates moving from 40.4 per cent to 40.1 per cent), this change in strategy has started to lead to results: malnutrition rates fell to 17.9 per cent between 2005 and 2010, with reductions mainly occurring in rural areas where malnutrition rates are highest (from 40.1per cent in 2005 to 31.3 per cent in 2010) according to the Peruvian National Statistical Office (INEI). Over 130,000 children under five are now not chronically malnourished who would have been had rates not fallen. Indeed, there is a strong case to be made that these changes would not have occurred without the formation in early 2006 of the Child Nutrition Initiative, and its advocacy success in getting ten Presidential candidates to sign a commitment to reduce chronic malnutrition in children under five by 5 per cent in five years (‘5 by 5 by 5’), followed by the support provided subsequently to the new government to meet that commitment.</p>\u0000 <p>This paper documents and systematises Peru's recent experience in tackling malnutrition. Through an intensive review of quantitative and qualitative evidence, it argues that success is not explained by the presence of favourable socioeconomic changes in Peru, and it explores the political determinants of success in three dimensions. Horizontally, it looks at government efforts to form policy coalitions across representatives of different government and non-government agencies; it looks at the vertical integration of agencies and programmes between national, regional and municipal governments, and it analyses the allocation of government resources used to fund the government's nutrition effort.</p>\u0000 <p>In closing, the paper identifies some salient challenges to ensure long term sustainability of the initiative and draws policy recommendations and knowledge sharing lessons that could be of use for Southern Gov","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 367","pages":"2-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00367.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92312979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Incapacity by Design: Understanding the Bihar Story","authors":"Santhosh Mathew,&nbsp;Mick Moore","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00366.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00366.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Indian state of Bihar has long been a byword for bad governance. It was however governed particularly badly between 1990 and 2005, and has since experienced something of a ‘governance miracle’. How can we account for the 1990–2005 deterioration? The answer lies in the interaction of three factors. The first was the type of leadership exercised by Lalu Prasad Yadav, who was Chief Minister throughout most of this period – even when his wife formally occupied the post. The second lies in electoral politics: the need to maintain the enthusiasm and morale of an electoral coalition that Yadav had constructed from a number of poorer and historically oppressed groups. Such was the scale of poverty among this core electoral coalition that Yadav had limited prospects of maintaining its cohesion and allegiance through the normal processes of promising ‘development’ and using networks of political patronage to distribute material resources to supporters. More important, that strategy would have involved a high level of dependence on the government apparatus, that was dominated by people from a number of historically-dominant upper castes. That is our third factor. Yadav preferred to mobilise his supporters on the basis of continual confrontation with this historically oppressive elite. He kept public sector jobs vacant rather than appoint qualified people – who were mainly from the upper cases. He tried to micro-manage the state apparatus from the Chief Minister's office. He denuded the public service of staff. He was then unable to use it to deliver ‘development’. We show that, among other things, the Bihar state government sacrificed large potential fiscal transfers from the Government of India designed for anti-poverty programmes because it was unable to complete the relevant bureaucratic procedures. Yadav knowingly undermined the capacity of the state apparatus. There are parallels in many other parts of the world. Low state capacity is often a political choice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 366","pages":"1-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00366.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92312569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 365: The Last Golden Land?: Chinese Private Companies Go to Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00365_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00365_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 365","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00365_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137853145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"So What Difference Does it Make? Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement","authors":"John Gaventa,&nbsp;Gregory Barrett","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00347_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00347_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Over the last two decades, the idea that citizen engagement and participation can contribute to improved governance and development outcomes has been mainstreamed in development policy and discourse. Yet despite the normative beliefs that underpin this approach, the impact of participation on improved democratic and developmental outcomes has proved difficult to assess. Where previous research studies have attempted to demonstrate impact, they tend to be limited to single interventions, a small number of country contexts or by various conceptual and methodological constraints.</p>\u0000 <p>In this paper, we report on a meta-case study analysis of a ten-year research programme on citizenship, participation and accountability which analysed a non-randomised sample of 100 research studies of four types of citizen engagement in 20 countries. By mapping the observable effects of citizen participation through a close reading of these studies, we created a typology of four democratic and developmental outcomes, including (a) the construction of citizenship, (b) the strengthening of practices of participation, (c) the strengthening of responsive and accountable states, and (d) the development of inclusive and cohesive societies.</p>\u0000 <p>We find that citizen participation produces positive effects across these outcome types, though in each category there are also examples of negative outcomes of citizen participation. We also find that these outcomes vary according to the type of citizen engagement and to political context. These findings have important implications for the design of and support for participatory programmes meant to improve state responsiveness and effectiveness.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2010 347","pages":"01-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2010.00347_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109899298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 358: Power, Politics, and Political Entrepreneurs: Realising Universal Free Basic Education in Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00358_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00358_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 358","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00358_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92299012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IDS Working Paper Research Summary 363: States of Citizenship: Contexts and Cultures of Public Engagement and Citizen Action","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00363_1.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00363_1.x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 363","pages":"i-ii"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00363_1.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137809441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Last Golden Land?: Chinese Private Companies Go to Africa","authors":"Jing Gu","doi":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00365_2.x","DOIUrl":"10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00365_2.x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A new dynamic presence is spreading rapidly and widely across Africa: that of Chinese private enterprises. For these firms, Africa is ‘the last golden land’ of economic opportunity. Based on the most extensive survey to date of Chinese private firms, business associations and government officials across China and sub-Saharan Africa, this paper explores the critical questions of why these enterprises are investing in Africa? What are their perspectives on Africa's investment climate? The study shows a growing number of firms that contradict the stereotype of Chinese firms in Africa. Pushed by intense competition within China's domestic marketplace and pulled by the glint of new opportunities, many small, private manufacturing firms are heading to Africa quite independently of the Chinese government. They grasp this opportunity in a ‘three jump’ pattern. The first of these ‘three jumps’ are better known, from doing business within China to exporting to Africa; and then from exporting to Africa to investing in production in Africa. The third jump is less familiar: to investing in industry parks in Africa. Chinese firms cluster in new business parks, collaborating in coordinated production. Yet simultaneously, and contrary to popular perceptions, they are most concerned about the competition they face from other Chinese firms and not by competition from African or other expatriate firms in Africa. The Chinese business sector in Africa thus has growing ‘enclave’ characteristics: enterprises are located together in business parks, and simultaneously both competing with one another and cooperating and largely doing business with one another in the supply chain. They are relatively optimistic about the investment climate in Africa, especially those obstacles created by governments and public policy. However, Africa's prospects for successfully harnessing the Chinese private firms to its development goals lies in the way each is adapting to their growing understanding of each other.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":100618,"journal":{"name":"IDS Working Papers","volume":"2011 365","pages":"01-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.2040-0209.2011.00365_2.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113883356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}