Hybrid Advances最新文献

{"title":"Quantum nanomaterials in breath-based biosensing: A paradigm shift in non-invasive disease diagnostics","authors":"Lovepreet Singh ,&nbsp;Harshita Jain ,&nbsp;Samandeep Kaur ,&nbsp;Sakshi Sharma ,&nbsp;Humphrey Sam Samuel ,&nbsp;Sweety","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The quest for non-invasive, rapid, and highly sensitive diagnostic technologies has catalyzed the development of breath-based biosensing platforms. Exhaled human breath contains a complex array of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that reflect metabolic and pathological changes, offering a rich source of real-time biomarkers. This review comprehensively examines the biochemical origins and disease-specific signatures of VOCs, alongside a comparative assessment of breath with other biofluids such as blood, saliva, and urine. Particular emphasis is placed on emerging quantum nanomaterials including quantum dots, MXenes, black phosphorus, and perovskite nanocrystals which offer exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and room-temperature operability in VOC detection. We explore signal transduction mechanisms such as fluorescence quenching, chemiresistive sensing, and resonance energy transfer, and highlight their integration into smart diagnostic platforms enabled by artificial intelligence, microfluidics, and IoT technologies. Applications across metabolic disorders, cancers, respiratory diseases, and hepatic dysfunctions are critically analyzed. Finally, current limitations in VOC standardization, sensor degradation, and environmental interference are discussed, with a forward-looking perspective on clinical translation. This review offers a unified framework bridging material innovation, breathomics, and digital health, underscoring the transformative potential of quantum nanomaterial-enabled breath sensors for next-generation personalized diagnostics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100632"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-apatite phosphate compound: High-Performance corrosion inhibition in highly aggressive HCl solution (1.0 M and 5.0 M) and biological assessment","authors":"Nouhaila Ferraa ,&nbsp;Moussa Ouakki ,&nbsp;Mariam Barrahi ,&nbsp;Mohammed Cherkaoui ,&nbsp;Mounia Bennani Ziatni","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel inorganic Co-Apatite Phosphate substituted with cobalt ions (named CCP) of formula Co₂Ca₆(HPO₄)(PO₄)₅(OH) was synthesized and evaluated for its multifunctional properties, encompassing corrosion inhibition, as well as antibacterial and antifungal activities. The synthesis process was conducted following a green chemistry approach and the phosphate compound was thoroughly analyzed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Electrochemical techniques were employed to investigate the corrosion prevention performance against carbon steel in two different hydrogen chloride acidic medium concentrations (5.0 M and 1.0 M HCl). The inhibitor demonstrates excellent performance in both mildly and highly acidic environments. In less corrosive environment of 1.0 M HCl, the inhibition efficiency is estimated to be 96.4 %, while under more corrosive 5.0 M HCl, the efficiency remains high at 90 %. In addition, biological assays revealed that the material exhibited notable antibacterial activity and antifungal effectiveness against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. These results confirm the potentiality of CCP as a green multifunctional inhibitor effective in both harsh and microbially active environments (antimicrobial and antifungal).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145736449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From surface chemistry to nuclear targeting: The multifaceted challenge of genetic delivery via inorganic nanoparticles","authors":"Cecilia Vasti ,&nbsp;Ludmila D'Alessandro ,&nbsp;Dariana Aristizabal Bedoya ,&nbsp;Laura E. Valenti ,&nbsp;Carla E. Giacomelli","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The delivery of therapeutic genes represents a transformative strategy for the treatment of genetic and complex diseases. Despite the clinical success of viral vectors, their high cost, immunogenicity, and limited cargo capacity underscore the need for safer and more versatile alternatives. Nonviral delivery systems, particularly inorganic nanoparticles, have emerged as promising carriers owing to their structural stability, tunable surface chemistry, and ability to accommodate diverse genetic cargos. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted biological barriers that limit the efficacy of inorganic delivery systems, from extracellular stability and protein corona formation to cell internalization, endosomal escape, and nuclear translocation. We highlight recent advances in the rational design of inorganic nanoparticles (including gold, iron oxide, mesoporous silica, layered double hydroxides, and calcium phosphate) that address these challenges through tailored physicochemical properties, functional coatings, and stimuli-responsive behaviors. Particular attention is given to their applications in gene silencing, genome editing, and nucleic acid–based vaccines, where they act as multifunctional platforms integrating therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities. Although significant progress has been achieved, critical translational hurdles remain, including large-scale reproducibility, long-term safety, and standardized characterization of nanoparticle–biological interactions. Inorganic nanoparticles provide modular, stable, and tunable carriers for nucleic acid delivery, yet their transfection efficiencies typically remain below 10 %, substantially lower than viral or lipid delivery systems. Despite significant advances in design and mechanistic understanding, clinical translation has not yet been achieved. Current efforts prioritize niche applications where inorganic systems complement lipid nanoparticles, especially in targeted or multifunctional (theranostic) gene therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145618146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly dyeing of polyester with natural colorants extracted from jackfruit wood shavings: Insights into fabric performance, chromatic parameters, and flame retardancy","authors":"Md. Abdullah Al Mamun,&nbsp;Md Khalilur Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Tareque Rahaman,&nbsp;Arnob Dhar Pranta","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing environmental concerns associated with petroleum-based synthetic dyes have intensified the demand of sustainable natural colorants for textile applications. This research evaluates jackfruit (<em>Artocarpus heterophyllus</em>) wood shavings, an underutilized agricultural byproduct, as a renewable dye source for polyester dyeing, including its dual significance in waste valorization and environmentally sustainable processing. The colorant was extracted through alkaline extraction at 100 °C for 60 min, and polyester fabrics were subsequently dyed under systematically varied dyeing process parameters, including time (20–120 min), temperature (80–160 °C), and pH (4, 7, 9). FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of characteristic polyester bands alongside additional absorption features, indicative of interactions between dye constituents and the fiber surface. Dyeing induced measurable modifications in fabric performance, including reduced air permeability attributable to surface deposition and limited moisture transfer as evidenced by near-zero bottom-surface wetting and a negative one-way transport index. Chromatic assessment demonstrated that dyeing parameters significantly influenced chromatic parameters, with maximum color strength reaching (K/S) 10.39. Samples dyed at 140 °C for 100 min exhibited enhanced flame retardancy (29.1 s) and excellent wash, rubbing, light, and perspiration fastness (ratings 4–5). Acidic pH improved wash fastness, whereas neutral pH yielded superior rubbing, light, and perspiration resistance. The findings establish jackfruit wood shavings as a promising sustainable colorant capable of imparting functional and aesthetic value to polyester textiles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145789613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles using Dillenia indica leaf extract: Characterization and evaluation of biological properties","authors":"Md Riazul Islam ,&nbsp;Shyama Prosad Moulick ,&nbsp;Imrul Hasan Bhuiyan ,&nbsp;Md. Sahadat Hossain ,&nbsp;Subarna Sandhani Dey ,&nbsp;Sadia Afrin Chhanda ,&nbsp;Firoz Ahmed ,&nbsp;Md. Farid Ahmed ,&nbsp;Tanvir Muslim","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using <em>Dillenia indica</em> leaf extract, and their structural, morphological, and functional properties were analyzed. UV-Visible spectroscopy confirmed the presence of ZnO NPs with an absorption peak at ∼360 nm with a band gap energy of 3.20 eV obtained from the UV-Visible reflectance spectra. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns revealed a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure, with average crystallite sizes of 26.69 nm for non-calcined and 25.47 nm for calcined samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed spherical morphology with average particle sizes of 32 nm (non-calcined) and 27 nm (calcined). Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX) confirmed zinc and oxygen presence, with a trace of carbon in non-calcined samples indicating phytochemical residues. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) exhibited larger hydrodynamic sizes (270.7 nm for non-calcined, 150.7 nm for calcined), while zeta potential values (−50.9 mV non-calcined, −51.7 mV calcined) indicated high colloidal stability. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) highlighted organic functional groups in non-calcined samples, which diminished after calcination. The thermal analysis revealed excellent thermal stability of ZnO nanoparticles, with minimal mass loss (2.27%) up to 1200 °C, highlighting their suitability for high-temperature applications. Antimicrobial studies showed moderate activity against Gram-positive bacteria, with non-calcined ZnO NPs exhibiting slightly better performance. The antioxidant assays demonstrated that non-calcined ZnO NPs had superior radical scavenging activity, potentially due to retained bioactive phytochemicals. These findings suggest that the green synthesis of ZnO NPs using <em>D</em>.<em>indica</em> provides a viable method for producing bioactive nanomaterials with potential applications in antimicrobial and antioxidant domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100623"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of calcium silicate based high density structural flame-retardant composites developed using waste marble powder and sugarcane bagasse ash for flame retardancy applications","authors":"Mathew Magombe,&nbsp;Vianney Andrew Yiga,&nbsp;Medard Turyasingura,&nbsp;Mackay Okure,&nbsp;Michael Lubwama","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Calcium silicate powder was produced by calcining a mixture of 1:1 wt of acetic-treated waste marble powder and hydrochloric acid-treated sugar cane bagasse ash. Waste marble powder was calcined at 700, 800, and 900 °C. Ordinary Portland cement binder was added before compressing at pressures of 15, 20, and 25 MPa. The composites were formulated with 10–30 g of cement binder and 15 wt% water in each mixture. Box-Behnken response surface methodology was used to determine the effects of calcination temperature, Ordinary Portland cement binder amount and pressing pressure on density, thermal conductivity, water absorption and compressive strength. XRF, XRD and SEM were used to determine the chemical compositions, phases and microstructures. XRD results showed that the developed high density structural flame-retardant composites were crystalline and consisted of tobermorite and calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H), which were responsible for enhancing the flame-retardant and mechanical strength. SEM images showed the existence of micro-pores which affected the thermal conductivity behavior. The optimized high density structural flame-retardant composite had the maximum compressive strength of 62.8 MPa, thermal conductivity of 0.02 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹, water absorption 6.5% and density of 2058.24 kg m⁻³. This further suggests that the developed high density structural flame-retardant composites produced from these wastes may be used to thermally insulate the internal lining of buildings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100630"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and volumetric expansion of expandable polystyrene subjected to fuel material for self-sealing composite coating applications","authors":"Md Shaheen Mahmood ,&nbsp;Sabrina Islam ,&nbsp;Vamshi M. Korivi ,&nbsp;Kumar B. Kulkarni ,&nbsp;Z. Shaghayegh Bagheri ,&nbsp;Ali Beheshti","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Expandable polystyrene is widely used in several industries as a sealing medium due to its desirable mechanical properties, durability, and high-volume expansion. In particular, it has been employed as embedded beads in emerging composite self-sealing coatings for fuel tank applications. To optimize the performance of these composite coatings and support modeling and simulation (M&amp;S) efforts, fundamental mechanical data of the expandable beads is essential. Yet, such data is currently lacking in the literature. This experimental study investigates the volumetric expansion, surface morphology, and mechanical properties of polystyrene beads before and after exposure to Jet-A fuel. The volumetric expansion of beads was measured using an optical microscope, where their surface behavior was assessed before and after fuel exposure to evaluate changes in morphology. Results showcase a considerable mean swelling ratio of approximately 12. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed an adhesiveness effect among the beads following fuel exposure, contributing to their sealing behavior. In addition, to investigate the mechanical properties of the beads before and after exposure, a flat-tip micro-indentation technique was employed. The results showed that the expanded beads underwent significantly greater deformation and a drop in stiffness (more than 16-fold) compared to their dry counterparts. Both dry and expanded beads exhibited creep behavior, with the expanded beads demonstrating a higher degree of creep (approximately 12 times higher). These findings provide both qualitative and quantitative insights into the volumetric and mechanical changes of the expandable beads at room temperature subjected to fuel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ZnO photocatalyst for degradation of toxic pollutants and for treatment of pig manure as a promising strategy for house fly (Musca domestica L.) control","authors":"Ubon Tangkawanit ,&nbsp;Waranya Ardburai ,&nbsp;Yuwatida Sripontan ,&nbsp;Chun-I Chiu ,&nbsp;Khemika Wannakan ,&nbsp;Sattra Nonthing ,&nbsp;Suwat Nanan","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst by a facile chemical precipitation route was reported. The thin plate-like ZnO photocatalyst exhibited the hexagonal phase with the energy band gap of 3.04 eV. Under UV light irradiation, the prepared ZnO photocatalyst showed 94% and 90% removal of reactive red 141 (RR141) azo dye and oxytetracycline (OTC) antibiotic, respectively. Interestingly, the enhanced photocatalytic performance of 97% and 93% toward degradation RR141 and OTC, respectively, was obtained under natural sunlight irradiation. The removal of the pollutants agrees well with the first-order kinetic model showing the rate constant of 0.043 min⁻¹. This demonstrates the promising role of the synthesized ZnO photocatalyst for environmental protection. Furthermore, the prepared ZnO was also used for the treatment of pig manure as a novel strategy for house fly control. The treatment of pig manure with ZnO had little effect in a choice test but strongly inhibited oviposition in a no-choice test, significantly lowering the number of eggs laid. Although the treatment did not affect survival rates or development times, it imposed significant sublethal fitness costs: larvae reared on treated manure were significantly smaller, and the resulting adult population had a lower female-to-male ratio. These effects were linked to a suboptimal protein-to-carbohydrate ratio in the treated manure. Chemical analysis confirmed that the treatment altered the manure's volatile profile, reducing key attractants like butanoic acid and ammonia. The treatment of pig manure with the prepared ZnO constrains house fly populations through a dual mechanism: inhibiting oviposition and reducing the fitness of subsequent generations. This approach represents a promising and sustainable tool for integrated pest management in livestock environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable functionalization of biodegradable materials for mosquito repellent extiles: A review of sources, application, and research directions","authors":"Md. Tareque Rahaman ,&nbsp;Md. Mubashwir Moshwan","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100600","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100600","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing concerns over chemical toxicity and environmental impact have driven the development of sustainable mosquito-repellent textiles using biodegradable natural materials and nanotechnology. This review analyzes recent advancements in sustainable textile innovations, focusing on renewable raw materials, advanced encapsulation methods, key challenges, and future opportunities. Key findings suggest that biopolymers such as chitosan, cellulose, and alginate have highlighted significant performance as carriers for natural repellents like citronella, neem, and eucalyptus oils. Encapsulation techniques, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, spray drying, and electrospinning, significantly enhance the stability, wash durability, and controlled release of active agents. Surface-level applications with zinc oxide, silver, and titanium dioxide nanoparticles provide multifunctional benefits, such as mosquito repellency, antimicrobial activity, and UV protection, without declining fabric breathability or comfort. The application of biodegradable materials encourages circular economy principles by enabling recyclability or biodegradability, thereby minimizing environmental challenges. Despite promising laboratory-scale results, challenges remain in scaling up production, ensuring regulatory compliance, and addressing the long-term ecological risks of nanomaterials. Future research should focus on green synthesis methods, optimizing bio-nano systems for improved performance, and ensuring safe, cost-effective functionalization into commercial textile manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid advances in biomimetic micro-heat sink cooling: Inspired by flow pattern around fish pectoral fins and modified graphene oxide nanofluid","authors":"Amir Hossein Ghobadi ,&nbsp;Mosayeb Gholinia hassankolaei","doi":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.hybadv.2026.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the performance of a micro heat sink featuring a biomimetic structure (inspired by the optimized flow pattern around fish pectoral fins) utilizing an eco-friendly modified graphene oxide-based nanofluid (W-rGO/H₂O). The geometrical model was designed using CATIA-V5 software, and a 3D-dimensional simulation was conducted via the finite volume method in ANSYS Fluent software under incompressible, viscous, and laminar flow conditions. The results indicate that in the modified design, increasing the Reynolds number from 500 to 1500 leads to a 31.8% reduction in the maximum surface temperature. Furthermore, varying the nanoparticle concentration from 1% to 3% in this geometry results in a 4.69% decrease in the central processing unit (CPU) operating temperature. An examination of the heat transfer coefficient reveals that at a Reynolds number of 1000, the biomimetic geometry provides a 10% to 17% enhancement in thermal performance compared to the baseline design. Concurrently, the temperature uniformity analysis shows a 9.61% reduction in this index for the optimized design. From a hydraulic perspective, increasing the nanoparticle concentration from 1% to 3% at a Reynolds number of 1000 causes a 32.36% increase in the pressure drop. Exergy analysis of the system demonstrated that under optimal conditions, the outlet exergy ranges from 4.40 to 10.07 W, and the exergy loss ranges from 129.5 to 138.3 W. The maximum second-law efficiency under these conditions was calculated to be 7.16%, indicating the system's satisfactory performance from a thermodynamic standpoint. These findings represent a significant step toward developing sustainable cooling systems for advanced electronic applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100614,"journal":{"name":"Hybrid Advances","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147395232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}