Essential properties, growth methods, environmental impacts, and solar cell application of antimony triselenide thin films: A review

$S{b}_{2}S{e}_3$ is a semiconductor material characterized by a high absorption coefficient, strong stability, non-toxicity, affordability, and abundant elemental resources. Recently, significant advancements have been made in the development of $S{b}_{2}S{e}_3$ material, particularly in applications such as solar cells, photodetectors, memory devices, and batteries. There have been concerted efforts aimed at enhancing the performance of these technologies. This review explores the diverse properties of $S{b}_{2}S{e}_3$ thin-film solar cell material, along with the benefits and challenges associated with its various preparation methods as well as its environmental impacts. The important aspects of $S{b}_2{Se}_3$, such as their optical properties, structure, manufacturing processes, and performance metrics, are examined in this work. Many techniques for producing superior $S{b}_2{Se}_3$ thin films are explored, as well as how they affect the functionality of devices. The viability of $S{b}_2{Se}_3$ for solar energy conversion is also examined through an analysis of its electronic band structure and optical absorption properties as well as its future perspective.