Green Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Greenness, whiteness and blueness assessment of high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for determination of cannabinoids in cosmetics","authors":"Nicolette Sammut Bartolo,&nbsp;Janis Vella Szijj","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing interest in cannabinoids for their therapeutic properties led to their integration into cosmetics, emphasizing the need for greener and precise analytical methods. The study identified chromatographic methods for cannabinoid analysis in cosmetics and assessed greenness, whiteness and blueness of methods. The greenness of identified analytical methods was assessed using the Greenness Index with Spider Diagram, Green Solvents Selecting Tool (GSST), Analytical Eco-scale and carbon footprint calculation. Ethyl acetate was identified as the most environmentally friendly solvent when using the Greenness Index and GSST, while ethanol scored lowest with the Greenness Index and dichloromethane with the GSST. Analytical Eco-scale ranked eight out of the eleven evaluated methods as having excellent greenness. The methods were further evaluated for applicability and practicality using the Red Green Blue 12 model and Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI). Whiteness scores ranged from 61.6 to 88.8, with most methods considered to be highly applicable for real-world use. The practicality, assessed via BAGI, indicated the necessity for methods analyzing multiple compounds per run and employing efficient sample preparation to improve operational feasibility. Findings highlight the importance of integrating green analytical chemistry principles and metrics for development of green and efficient cannabinoid analysis in cosmetics. Incorporation of green, white and blue assessments is important for environmentally conscious and practical analytical methods, while ensuring industry preparedness to meet regulatory requirements as the field of cannabinoid analysis continues to advance. Further work should focus on solvent minimization, energy efficiency, and method optimization to balance ecological responsibility with analytical practicality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon and water footprints within an environmental laboratory: Water, energy, and packaging management strategies","authors":"María F. Manobanda-Lisintuña ,&nbsp;Cristina A. Villamar-Ayala","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100243","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100243","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental laboratories can be spaces where water, energy, and resources can be used more efficiently. The objective of this study is to evaluate the carbon and water footprints present in an environmental laboratory based on water, energy, and resource (packaging) management. To achieve this, life cycle analysis is applied (ISO 14040:2006, ISO 14044:2007) to 17 assay water (natural water/wastewater) types from an accredited environmental laboratory (ISO/IEC 17025). System boundaries correspond to cradle to gate, and 1 analyzed water sample is used as a functional unit. This study evaluates several factors baseline scenario, energy consumption reduction, 100 % renewable energy matrix, and material consumption reduction. Results show that under normal conditions the laboratory generated a carbon footprint of 10.10 kg CO2-eq/sample (82 % energy used), and a water footprint of 11.76 m3/sample (97 % indirect water). A 100 % renewable energy matrix improved laboratory environmental performance (75 % reduction carbon footprint), decreasing emissions up to 12 times (1,583 kg CO2-eq/year). Meanwhile, material consumption reduction considering the laboratory accreditation (i.e. smaller glass containers) improved the laboratory environmental performance (up to 6 % reduced water footprint), reducing direct water consumption up to 0.3 %. Although costs are not significantly affected by these scenarios, savings in energy consumption based on phantom power in equipment (which can be disconnected) can reduce the cost per water sample analyzed by 7.8 % (83 USD/year). The water and carbon footprint measuring in accredited environmental laboratories opens opportunities for the incorporation of different strategies that incorporate sustainability, and not only analytical quality (ISO 17025).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid detection and quantification of psychotropic drugs in blood using miniature mass spectrometry","authors":"Shuang Sun ,&nbsp;Yijie Fu ,&nbsp;Xinming Huo ,&nbsp;Mi Luo ,&nbsp;Quan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analysis of psychotropic drugs in blood is a suitable method to assess the effectiveness of patient treatment and the safety of drug dosage. Direct analysis of whole blood using mass spectrometry (MS) faces challenges due to the complex matrix and components in the sample. In this study, we developed a practical analytical strategy based on a miniature MS instrument for on-site detection of psychotropic drugs in blood. In particular, samples were first treated through a simplified and optimized extraction process and then analyzed by a miniature MS mounted with a capillary self-aspirating electrospray ionization source. This method reduced the consumption of samples and reagents while offering high accuracy and sensitivity, with a limit of detection as low as 0.1 ng/mL. We subsequently implemented the detection of venlafaxine and O-desmethyl venlafaxine in some whole blood samples. The results showed good agreement with those obtained by HPLC-MS, demonstrating the accuracy and practicality of the proposed analytical protocol.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HPLC and HPTLC methods for simultaneous quantification of Metformin hydrochloride, Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin propanediol with comparative evaluation by greenness and whiteness assessment tools","authors":"Krinal Barot,&nbsp;Vedika Thakkar,&nbsp;Devang Tandel,&nbsp;Gopi Patel,&nbsp;Rajesh Parmar,&nbsp;Kalpana Patel","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of Vildagliptin, Dapagliflozin propanediol monohydrate and Metformin hydrochloride has been approved by Central Drug Standard Control Organization in March 2023 for conducting Phase III trial for treatment of diabetes mellitus. None of the chromatographic methods are reported for the proposed combination. In context to this, the proposed work aims to develop and validate two chromatographic methods, high HPLC and HPTLC for simultaneous estimation of the said combination followed by validation in accordance to ICH Q2(R2). For HPLC, linearity range were, 300–700, 30–70 and 3–7 µg/ml for Metformin hydrochloride, Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin propanediol respectively. Good resolution was obtained with the final mobile phase, Acetonitrile: 10 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer pH 6.5 set with TEA (75:25 %v/v). The flow rate was 1 ml/min and detection wavelength was 214 nm. R<em>t</em> of Metformin hydrochloride, Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin propanediol was 2.262, 3.956 and 11.411 min respectively. For HPTLC the linearity range set was 1000–5000, 5000–9000 and 1000–5000 ng/band for Metformin hydrochloride, Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin propanediol respectively. Separation of all drugs was observed using optimized mobile phase, Toluene: Ethyl acetate: 3% Ammonium acetate: Triethylamine(4: 4: 3: 0.1). R<em>_f</em> for Metformin hydrochloride, Vildagliptin and Dapagliflozin propanediol was 0.19, 0.48 and 0.61 respectively at 214 nm. % Relative Standard Deviation for validation parameters of both methods were found to be &lt;2, which indicates that the methods were validated properly as per guideline. The proposed methods were specific, reliable, precise and can be applicable in routine analysis. Analytical Eco-Scale, Analytical GREEnness metric, and complex Green Analytical Procedure Index were the three methods used to assess the greenness. Furthermore, the quality (R), ecological effect (G), and economic feasibility (B) of the new technique were assessed by RGBfast tool for whiteness assessment and the applicability evaluated by the BAGI metric tool for performance verification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a quality by design-based ultra-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous estimation of casirivimab and imdevimab with greenness metrics","authors":"Sravanthi Gandu,&nbsp;Kumaraswamy Gandla","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100248","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the development and optimization of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous analysis of casirivimab and imdevimab, guided by the principles of Quality by Design. Initial method development trials explored various mobile phase compositions, with ethanol chosen as the organic solvent due to its cost-effectiveness. A series of optimization steps, including the substitution of orthophosphoric acid with formic acid, were employed to improve peak resolution and chromatographic performance. A comprehensive risk assessment was conducted to identify critical method parameters, which were then subjected to screening and optimization using a design of experiments approach. The taguchi orthogonal array design was used to assess the influence of factors such as flow rate, column temperature, and organic phase percentage on critical analytical attributes, including retention time, tailing factor, theoretical plates, and resolution. The optimization process identified optimal conditions of 60 % ethanol, a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min, and a column temperature of 30 °C. Method validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R² &gt; 0.999), low detection limits (Limit of detection and Limit of quantification), and good reproducibility, with percentage relative standard deviation values below 2 %. Forced degradation studies confirmed the method's stability-indicating capability, and the method was successfully applied to determine casirivimab and imdevimab in a commercial formulation. Additionally, the greenness of the method was assessed using the various tool, highlighting its minimal environmental impact. The proposed ultra-performance liquid chromatography method offers high precision, accuracy, and reliability, making it suitable for quality control and routine analysis of casirivimab and imdevimab in monoclonal antibodies cocktails.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protocol for the untargeted analysis of volatile metabolites in the headspace of biological samples using Thin-Film Microextraction coupled to GC–MS","authors":"Karolina Żuchowska,&nbsp;Wojciech Filipiak,&nbsp;Barbara Bojko","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring volatile organic compounds released by pathogenic microorganisms or cancer cells in biological samples, such as blood, urine, saliva, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), or breath, can help detect their presence, enabling rapid diagnosis and targeted therapy. However, the complexity of biological matrices and the trace concentrations of target analytes necessitate the use of effective preconcentration techniques for accurate analysis. One of these techniques is thin-film microextraction (TFME), which improves extraction efficiency compared to widely used SPME. TFME offers a cost-effective and green extraction of complex biological samples due to reusable materials, solvent-free extraction, and thermal desorption. The first part of this work provides an overview of the parameters considered for the optimization and their impact on extraction efficiency, including the type of sorbent, extraction mode, temperature and time of extraction, sample volume, and desorption conditions. The applications of TFME in the targeted and untargeted analysis of biological samples are also discussed and exemplified in the pioneering and exceptional studies demonstrating the capabilities of TFME. The protocol described here introduces the TFME-GC–MS method for untargeted analysis of VOCs in the headspace of biological samples, providing a step-by-step guide with the subsequent troubleshooting section. The procedure underwent a comprehensive evaluation, considering time, estimated cost, safety, and, most importantly, the method's greenness, resulting in a score of 0.72 on the AGREE scale and 0.60 on the AGREEprep scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Cyrene, a biodegradable, sustainably produced biosolvent for the quantitative analysis of residual production solvents in pharmaceuticals using headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry","authors":"Leo Lebanov ,&nbsp;Pavan Kumar Chadalawada ,&nbsp;Dilhara Mayomi Dissanayaka ,&nbsp;Sanathri Alwis ,&nbsp;Deanne Heier ,&nbsp;Desmond E. Richardson ,&nbsp;Brett Paull","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In line with green chemistry and green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles, analysts are increasingly adopting sustainably produced chemicals and solvents. Dihydrolevoglucosenone, known commercially as Cyrene, is a biodegradable solvent derived from sustainable materials. It has a high boiling point and serves as a replacement for solvents like NMP and DMF. In headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS), high-boiling-point solvents such as DMSO and DMF are commonly used as diluents, standard method. This study introduces Cyrene as a diluent in chromatographic separation for analysing off-the-shelf pharmaceuticals for residual production solvents (RPS) and provides the first qualitative characterisation of such volatile and very volatile organic compounds (VOCs and VVOCs) in commercially sourced Cyrene.</div><div>The AGREEprep greenness score for the method using Cyrene was 0.14 points higher than for the method using DMSO, indicating alignment with GAC principles. HS-GC–MS analysis revealed numerous impurities in commercially sourced Cyrene. The analysis of RPS using Cyrene showed identical retention times for 21 out of 22 RPS tested analysed using Cyrene and DMSO as diluents. Additionally, Cyrene did not affect the peak symmetry of any RPS. Both HS-GC–MS methods demonstrated good linearity across a wide concentration range, with most RPS analysed using Cyrene showing lower detection and quantification limits. The methods enabled the identification and quantification of acetic acid and 1-propanol in two off-the-shelf pharmaceuticals. Using Cyrene, acetic acid and 1-propanol were quantified at 278.0 ± 4.0 mg l^-1 and 90.8 ± 9.5 mg l^-1, respectively, compared to 279.3 ± 3.3 mg l^-1 and 110.0 ± 6.8 mg l^-1 with DMSO. This demonstrates Cyrene's suitability as a replacement of unsustainably produced solvents in headspace analysis of RPS in the pharmaceutical industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143628619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of dried blood spots approach to measure blood lead concentrations in low-level exposure scenarios","authors":"Mindula K. Wijayahena ,&nbsp;Joshua S. Wallace ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Kordas ,&nbsp;Elena I. Queirolo ,&nbsp;Zia Ahmed ,&nbsp;Diana S. Aga","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Exposure to lead (Pb) is typically measured in whole venous blood, which is costly, invasive, and requires rapid transport of fragile samples for testing—all significant challenges for population-level testing. The dried blood spot (DBS) method offers the promise of a more sustainable, environmentally friendly method to measure Pb exposures. This study compares low-level blood Pb concentrations (BLLs) obtained from HemaSpot™ HF devices to those from whole venous blood. DBS shows promise as a lower-cost, minimally invasive, and easily transported method. As opposed to the temperature-controlled storage and transportation requirements associated with liquid blood samples, DBS method uses 2 drops of whole blood (approximately 100 µL) deposited on an absorbent paper in the device for subsequent digestion and analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Blood spots were collected from 130 children aged 6–8 years participating in the Salud Ambiental Montevideo research cohort in Montevideo, Uruguay. A method limit of detection of 0.0050 µg/dL and a method limit of quantification of 0.020 µg/dL was achieved. The BLLs determined using the DBS method ranged from 0.020 to 1.5 µg/dL; by comparison, the BLLs determined via a conventional method ranged from 0.060 to 0.88 µg/dL. The Pearson correlation between the DBS and conventional methods indicated weak concordance (<em>r</em> = 0.103, <em>p</em> = 0.245). Moreover, low kappa statistics further indicated limited agreement between the two methods. These results suggest that, despite sustainability advantages for collection and storage, DBS analysis in scenarios of low-level Pb exposure will not yield valid results without further methodological improvements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrophotometric method development and validation for simultaneous quantification of Cefoperazone and Sulbactum sodium in bulk and marketed formulation: greenness profile evaluation","authors":"Nitin Kumar ,&nbsp;Praveen Kumar Kusuma ,&nbsp;Bhukya Vijay Nayak ,&nbsp;Durga Prasad Beda","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The antibiotics Cefoperazone Sodium and Sulbactam Sodium are widely employed in clinical medicine as means to combat many kinds of bacterial infections. The drugs Cefoperazone and Sulbactum shows wavelength at 229 m and 277 nm respectively in solvent of 1 % glycerol, 1 % 0.1 M NaOH in distilled water. The methods proposed on UV spectrophotometric technique are the Simultaneous Equation Method, Q-Absorbance Ratio Method, Absorbance Subtraction Method, and the Area Under Curve Method (AUC). Using original stock solutions, their linear range extended from 5 to 25 µg/mL for CEF, and from 10 to 50 µg/mL for SUL with correlation coefficient is greater than 0.99. The methods are validated as per the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. The average recovery rates ranging from 100.34 % to 100.92 %. The results demonstrate accuracy, linearity and precision and the methods showed successful application in the quantification of the components under study in the commercially available dosage form with no interference from the matrix excipients. Six green metrics were used to evaluate the environmental impact of the extraction procedure, using Analytical Greenness (AGREE) metric algorithm shows score of 0.83 based on the green analytical chemistry framework. Analytical Eco-Scale scored 92 which is excellent greenness, the method is also assessed with AGREEprep, Complex Green Analytical Procedure Index (Complex GAPI), Assessment of Green Profile (AGP), and National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) and found greenness compared with the reported method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control system for an underwater coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer","authors":"Rafael Bento Serpa ,&nbsp;Justin A. Keogh ,&nbsp;Thomas Jablonski ,&nbsp;Charles B. Parker ,&nbsp;Stefan M. Goetz ,&nbsp;M.Bonner Denton ,&nbsp;Harold F. Hemond ,&nbsp;Jeffrey T. Glass ,&nbsp;Nicolas Cassar ,&nbsp;Jason J. Amsden","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>In situ</em> measurements of the spatiotemporal distribution of dissolved gases in the ocean are useful for a wide variety of applications including monitoring biogeochemical cycles (e.g., methane, oxygen, and carbon dioxide fluxes), detecting pollutants, studying submarine groundwater discharge, and tracking chemical gradients in water columns or sediment interfaces. Over the past two decades, underwater membrane inlet mass spectrometry has emerged as a leading technology for <em>in situ</em> dissolved gas analysis, leveraging various mass analyzers such as quadrupole, ion trap, and cycloidal systems. While quadrupoles and ion traps face challenges such as water vapor interference and resolution limitations, cycloidal analyzers offer higher resolution at low mass-to-charge ratios with reduced power requirements. However, they have historically suffered from sensitivity and sequential analysis limitations. Recent advances, including ion array detectors and computational sensing, now enable simultaneous mass detection and improved sensitivity in cycloidal mass analyzers. This study introduces the development of an underwater coded aperture miniature mass spectrometer (UW-CAMMS), incorporating a cycloidal mass analyzer, ion array detector, and spatially coded apertures. A low-power electronic control system for the UW-CAMMS is designed and characterized, with performance comparable to laboratory-based systems, showcasing progress toward efficient, compact underwater dissolved gas monitoring. This technology can be used to study dynamic processes in marine, freshwater, and brackish systems with high spatial and temporal resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}