Green Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Rapid quantitative screening of 15 synthetic cannabinoids in urine using direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry: Screening method validation and cross-correlation study with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Jenna Covey ,&nbsp;Alex Maggitti ,&nbsp;William Fatigante ,&nbsp;Francois Espourteille ,&nbsp;Holly Lombardo ,&nbsp;Terry Bates","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Preliminary screening methods for detection of urine-based drugs of abuse are typically selected based on their ease of automation, cost effectiveness, and ability to deliver rapid results. As such, immunoassay-based testing approaches are commonly employed in routine drug screening workflows; however, these methods suffer from significant drawbacks, including cross-reactivity issues that can lead to false positives and false negatives, affecting the accuracy and reliability of results. The lack of selectivity inherent to IAs necessitates subsequent costly and time-consuming chromatography-based confirmatory testing. In this work, we report on the development of a fast, chromatography-free Direct Analysis in Real Time-tandem mass spectrometry-based (DART-MS/MS) screening approach for 15 synthetic cannabinoids and associated metabolites in urine. The proposed DART-MS/MS screening method effectively measured 15 targeted synthetic cannabinoids in 96 samples with a throughput of 23 s per sample, low limits of detection (&lt; 1 ng/mL), high inter- and intra-day precision (≤ 20 % RSD), and high accuracy (≤ ± 20 % bias). These performance metrics fall within the acceptable ranges for urine screening analyses as set forth by American National Standards Institute/Academy Standards Board (ANSI/ASB) guidelines and demonstrate performance comparable to LC-MS/MS confirmatory methods. Validation experiments with authentic urine samples confirmed positive for one or more target analytes indicated good correlation for quantitation of synthetic cannabinoids as measured by DART-MS/MS versus liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of palm kernel shells-biochar adsorbent for removal of methylene blue and then reused for latent fingerprint detection using spent adsorbent","authors":"Eswaran Prabakaran,&nbsp;Kriveshini Pillay","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper reports that a palm kernel shells-biochar (PKS-BC) adsorbent was prepared using a hydrothermal method to remove methylene Blue (MB) and the spent adsorbent was used in latent fingerprint (LFP) detection. The effect of temperature, pH, contact time, dosage, and concentrations on the elimination of MB dye was investigated. Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) models were used to analyze the adsorption isotherm models. The Freundlich model demonstrated an excellent fit to the experimental data and this implied indirect multilayer MB dye adsorption on the heterogeneous surface of the PKS-BS adsorbent. For MB dye, the maximum adsorption capacity was 263.16 mg/g. The adsorption experimental kinetics was investigated using pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intra-particle and Elovich kinetic models. The results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model accurately explained the chemisorptions of MB dye adsorption on PKS-BC In order to verify the best-fitting isotherm and kinetics models, we utilized the sum of normalized errors (SNE) approach to choose the chi-square test (χ²) error function as a common indicator. The PKS-BC heterogeneous surface and sub-monolayer adsorption process were established by the remarkable correlation between the experimental results and the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order models. The elimination of MB dye was shown to be an exothermic, spontaneous adsorption process that was viable based on the thermodynamic analysis of (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) values. Additionally, MB loaded on PKS-BC (MB-PKS-BC) spent adsorbent was reused as a superior fingerprint powder with the powder dusting approach for the detection of latent fingerprints (LFPs). Under daylight conditions, this spent adsorbent MB-PKS-BC clearly displayed ridge patterns and LFPs images on a variety of surfaces, including glass slides, aluminum foil, aluminum sheets, and tiles. Aged LFP images were also examined for 5 to 20 days on an aluminum foil substrate. These findings suggest that the PKS-BC adsorbent holds promise for the removal of MB dye from wastewater and for reuse in LFPs detection for criminal identifications using the MB-PKS-BC spent adsorbent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the development of miniature mass spectrometry for planetary exploration","authors":"Dong Yang,&nbsp;Xiangkun Wu,&nbsp;Keyong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past five decades, miniature mass spectrometry plays a crucial role in planetary exploration, offering the sensitivity, resolution and precision required to analyze elements and isotopes, detect trace gases, and study the composition of planetary surfaces and atmospheres. This article comprehensively reviews both the preceding and up-to-date miniature mass spectrometers deployed as spacecraft payloads by various organizations, highlighting the unique advantages and innovative features of their designed components. Ultimately, we deliver critical insights into the evolving role of mass spectrometry in space exploration, underscoring its transformative impact on our understanding of planetary systems and its potential to drive future discoveries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating ambient ionization with miniature mass spectrometry to advance green analytical chemistry: An overview","authors":"Yufeng Guo ,&nbsp;Yuncheng Ge ,&nbsp;Lei Yin ,&nbsp;Meiyun Shi ,&nbsp;Qiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100257","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100257","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green analytical chemistry (GAC), as a manifestation of sustainable development in the analytical field, has become widely recognized and is actively promoted by analysts. The twelve principles of GAC serve as guiding standards for the development of green analytical methods. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a fundamental tool in modern analytical chemistry, and its miniaturized variants have gained significant attention in green chemistry due to their unique advantages. Ambient ionization, a novel technique designed to overcome the limitations of traditional ionization methods, reduces or eliminates the need for sample pretreatment, greatly simplifying the front-end processes in MS analysis. The combination of ambient ionization and miniature MS has become one of the most promising areas of green analysis due to its complementary benefits in reducing solvent use, energy consumption, and the need for sample preparation. This review highlights the green aspects of ambient ionization and miniature MS, emphasizing the enhanced sustainability achieved when the two techniques are used together. Applications of this combination in various fields are also discussed, underscoring their growing importance in GAC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143697713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural deep eutectic solvent mixed with powdered cork as a green approach for thin film SPME and determination of selected ultraviolet filters in lake waters","authors":"Justyna Werner ,&nbsp;Julia Płatkiewicz ,&nbsp;Daria Mysiak ,&nbsp;Łukasz Ławniczak ,&nbsp;Justyna Płotka-Wasylka","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative and green determination method of ultraviolet filters, i.e. benzophenone-3 (BZ3), octocrylene (OCR), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BDM) and ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EMC), in lake waters was proposed using thin film solid-phase microextraction (TF-SPME) and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). A group of six solid natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) was tested along with compositions in which these NADESs were combined with powdered cork. All compounds were used as sorbents in TF-SPME for the first time. The NADES containing betaine chloride (BeCl) and 1-eicosanol (EiOH) at a 1:3 molar ratio mixed with powdered cork was finally selected to coat Teflon® mesh. Several factors (pH of samples, mass of sorbent, time of extraction and desorption) were tested using the central composite design in order to select the optimal TF-SPME conditions. Limits of detection ranged from 0.06 to 0.10 ng mL^-1. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for single sorbent repeatability were lower than 4.6 % (intra-day) and lower than 7.4 % (inter-day), while sorbent to sorbent reproducibility was lower than 8.7 %. Ultraviolet filters were not determined initially in four environmental lake water samples (with summer and winter sampling), however they were determined with good extraction recoveries after spiking the samples (in range of 84–92 % when spiked with 5 ng mL^-1 and in range of 86–95 % when spiked with 50 ng mL^-1). The proposed composition of NADES [BeCl:EiOH(1:3)] and cork at a 15:1 mass ratio exhibits good stability on Teflon® mesh as well as in water and organic solvents which enabled effective extractions for at least 10 cycles. The sustainability and green aspects of the proposed method with NADES/cork composite were analysed using the ComplexMoGAPI tool and established at 85 out of 100. The method exemplifies exceptional innovation by employing natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) and cork as sustainable sorbents in TF-SPME – it adheres to green analytical chemistry principles and addresses the critical needs for monitoring ultraviolet filters in water, which is crucial for assessing pollution and environmental health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen and hydrogen as alternatives to helium using wide-bore columns in preparative multidimensional gas chromatography","authors":"Lorenzo Cucinotta ,&nbsp;Elisa Irrera ,&nbsp;Francesca Cannizzaro ,&nbsp;Danilo Sciarrone ,&nbsp;Luigi Mondello","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wide-bore capillary columns (0.53 mm I.D.) are frequently employed in preparative gas chromatography due to their enhanced sample capacity than the micro-bore counterparts. However, the increased carrier gas flow rates required, especially in multidimensional separations, leads to elevated consumption. Helium is the most used carrier gas thanks to its superior chromatographic performance and inertness, which mitigates safety concerns in routine use. However, helium has experienced supply shortages and rising costs in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate more sustainable carrier gases than helium in preparative multidimensional gas chromatography. In the first stage, the chromatographic performance of nitrogen, hydrogen, and helium was compared on columns equipped with diverse stationary phases using GC-FID. In the second step, the performances of hydrogen and nitrogen were benchmarked against helium in a prototype preparative multidimensional gas chromatographic system. A lemon essential oil was utilized to assess the impact of these carrier gases. Despite a minor variation in terms of total analysis time, comparable chromatographic profiles were achieved with each carrier gas. Our findings indicate that hydrogen and nitrogen, particularly the latter owing to its inherent inertness and safety profile, can represent viable alternatives to helium in preparative multidimensional gas chromatography. These gases offer comparable chromatographic performance while addressing the helium's increasing costs and supply constraints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn cob-derived biochar as a biosorbent for endocrine disrupting compounds in dispersive pipette extraction","authors":"Carolina dos Santos Cardoso ,&nbsp;Marina Pereira-Coelho ,&nbsp;Fabricio Luiz Faita ,&nbsp;Luciano Vitali","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100251","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100251","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A simple sample preparation approach combining the dispersive pipette extraction (DPX) technique and a biochar-based biosorbent derived from corn cob is proposed for the determination of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in surface water samples, followed by identification and quantification using HPLC-DAD. The extraction parameters, including the amount of sorbent mass, desorption solvent, sample volume, number of cycles, extraction time, and desorption time, were optimized using univariate and multivariate designs. The analytical performance was satisfactory, with determination coefficients equal to or greater than 0.988. The precision values for MP ranged from 2.1 % to 15.2 %, for BPA from 2.8 % to 7.9 %, for EE2 from 5.6 % to 13.1 %, and for TCS from 1.1 % to 6.1 %. Recoveries ranging from 81.2 % to 116.5 %. The green nature of the method was evaluated using the Analytical Greenness Metric (AGREE) and the Analytical Greenness Metric for Sample Preparation (AGREEprep). The metrics indicated excellent green performance, highlighting the low analyst exposure, use of reusable tips, biologically derived extracting phase, and process miniaturization. Based on the results, the proposed HPLC-DAD method proved to be a fast, efficient, and eco-friendly approach for the determination of EDCs in surface water samples, effectively detecting these compounds in real samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles anchored on a carbon material derived from maple leaves for the development of a green non-enzymatic biosensor for creatinine sensing","authors":"Francisco Contini Barreto ,&nbsp;Maria Eduarda Barberis ,&nbsp;Naelle Kita Mounienguet ,&nbsp;Erika Yukie Ito ,&nbsp;Martin Kássio Leme da Silva ,&nbsp;Quan He ,&nbsp;Ivana Cesarino","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Creatinine (CRE) is a byproduct of creatine and phosphocreatine breakdown in muscles, produced at a relatively constant rate and excreted by the kidneys, making it a critical biomarker for assessing renal function. This study reports the development of a novel, eco-friendly non-enzymatic biosensor for CRE determination in synthetic urine. A carbon material was derived from maple leaves and used to anchor biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (HC-AgNPs) prepared from fresh grass. This composite was employed to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GC/HC-AgNPs) for CRE detection. Due to CRE's strong affinity for specific metals, the reduction in silver oxidation peaks served as an indicator of CRE presence in solution. The synthesized composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and spectrophotometry. The sensor exhibited a linear response range of 100–500 µmol L⁻¹, with detection and quantification limits of 26.1 and 86.1 µmol L⁻¹, respectively, using square wave voltammetry. Recovery rates in synthetic urine were of 105.60% and 106.89%, with selectivity experiments revealing recovery percentages exceeding 92% for tested molecules. This sustainable and cost-effective biosensor aligns with green chemistry principles, offering a promising alternative for CRE detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of endogenous metabolites in intact tissue in clinical settings using coated blade spray mass spectrometry (CBS-MS)","authors":"Joanna Bogusiewicz,&nbsp;Barbara Bojko","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100244","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100244","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast diagnosis can be crucial in patients' diagnosis and treatment. Thus, an assessment of biomarker drugs, or their metabolite levels, is necessary. The level of selected substances can be rapidly determined by directly introducing samples or their components into the mass spectrometer, often omitting the sample separation step. However, this approach can lead to increased matrix effects and challenges in identifying substance isoforms. Another problem can be related to the analysis of tissue. The coated blade spray (CBS) technique, based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME), enables sample cleanup and separation based on the affinity between analytes and sorbent. The probe is a sword-shaped blade coated with sorbent at the tip. The sampling can be conducted by inserting the probe into the tissue for a particular time. During this time, analytes can be extracted without actual tissue consumption; for that reason, the technology is also known as a chemical biopsy. Then, the probe is installed in the interface on a mass spectrometer ion source. A drop of desorption solvent is added on the probe's surface, and then a high voltage is applied, facilitating efficient ionization and detection of extracted analytes. This technology enables fast and simple detection of a wide range of analytes. Moreover, it is characterized by high environmental safety. The protocol presented herein includes the best practices for CBS in intact tissue analysis. However some comments can also be applied to liquid sample analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100244"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of thin layer chromatography and smartphone-based colorimetric analysis for the detection of barbiturates","authors":"Keneuoe Letumanyane ,&nbsp;Elisa Kalugendo","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Barbiturates, a key class of psychoactive drugs, present challenges in accurate detection due to their misuse and involvement in forensic investigations. This study introduces an innovative approach combining Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and smartphone-based colorimetric analysis for detecting and quantifying barbiturates extracts. Phenobarbital was extracted using liquid-liquid extraction across acidic, basic, and neutral pH levels, with optimal recovery observed in acidic conditions. TLC plates were fabricated and developed by using a chloroform-acetone solvent system (80:20), and spots were visualized using mercuric chloride diphenyl carbazone. Results showed that barbiturates extraction was highly effective in acidic conditions with hRf value for phenobarbital ranging from 58.4 to 65.0 on plate 1 and 63.2 to 63.7 on plate 2, demonstrating high consistency. RGB analysis revealed that blue color intensity was the most reliable for phenobarbital identification, with average intensities of 208 (standard) and 187.75 (samples) on plate 1 and 208.75 (samples) on plate 2. These findings, supported by validation showing specificity, linearity (R2&gt;0.99), and precision (RSD&lt;5%), demonstrate that integrating TLC with smartphone-based colorimetry offers a cost-effective, portable and reliable method for barbiturate analysis, with significant implications for forensic and clinical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143643753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}