Green Analytical Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Determination of flavor compounds sorbed by packaging materials using the purge and trap method","authors":"Hiroko Hosono,&nbsp;Nobuo Hirakawa,&nbsp;Nan Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flavor sorption in food packaging, known as flavor scalping, is a common problem that has a significant impact on the quality of the contents. Flavor sorption by packaging materials is generally measured using the liquid extraction method, which is very time-consuming, laborious, and uses organic solvents. In this study, we investigated the use of the purge and trap (P&amp;T) method to measure flavor sorption by plastic packaging materials. Twenty-one representative flavor compounds were sorbed from model flavor aqueous solutions by polyethylene terephthalate films, linear low-density polyethylene films, cast polypropylene films, and multilayer pouches. The measurement conditions were optimized for each packaging material, and the same samples were also analyzed using a conventional solvent extraction method. The sorption values obtained from the P&amp;T method were higher than those obtained using solvent extraction for all samples, and a high correlation was observed between the respective measured values of the two methods. The measurement process for the P&amp;T method was complete within one hour and required a sample size of only a few cm². The method demonstrated excellent linearity, high accuracy, precision, and sensitivity. In addition, environmental greenness assessment yielded favorable scores, with an Analytical Eco-Scale value of 90 and an AGREE score of 0.70. Overall, these findings, indicate that the P&amp;T method is a simple, rapid, and efficient alternative for the determination of sorbed flavor compounds in food packaging materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100319"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanotechnology in environmental remediation: Transforming pollution control across diverse matrices","authors":"Aubrey Dickson Chigwada,&nbsp;Memory Tekere","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2026.100324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2026.100324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution, encompassing water contamination, air degradation, and microplastic proliferation, poses significant threats to ecosystems and human health, necessitating advanced remediation strategies. Nanotechnology, leveraging the unique physicochemical properties of materials at the nanoscale, offers transformative solutions for addressing complex pollutants in industrial effluents, wastewater, drinking water, acid mine drainage, microplastics, and air. This review synthesizes peer-reviewed literature to trace nanotechnology’s evolution from its conceptual origins in the mid-twentieth century to current applications and future prospects. Fundamental mechanisms, including adsorption, photocatalysis, and chemical reduction, are elucidated, highlighting their efficacy in achieving near-complete contaminant removal with minimal waste. Key advancements include titanium dioxide-based photocatalysts for organic pollutant degradation, zero-valent iron nanoparticles for heavy metal reduction, and graphene-based membranes for filtration. Challenges such as nanomaterial toxicity, scalability, and regulatory gaps are critically examined, alongside innovative solutions like green synthesis and hybrid system integration. Case studies demonstrate practical applications, such as 99% antibiotic degradation and 95% microplastic removal. The review underscores nanotechnology’s potential to align with global sustainability goals, advocating for interdisciplinary efforts to ensure safe, scalable, and eco-friendly remediation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100324"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative structure retention relationship applied to capillary scale liquid chromatography for the identification of phenolic compounds","authors":"Roberto Laganà Vinci ,&nbsp;Katia Arena ,&nbsp;Francesca Rigano ,&nbsp;Roberta La Tella ,&nbsp;Patrik Appelblad ,&nbsp;Paola Dugo ,&nbsp;Luigi Mondello","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative Structure-Retention Relationship (QSRR) model was developed to predict retention data of phenolic compounds and elucidate their retention mechanisms under reversed phase conditions. Compared to a previous work (Laganà-Vinci et al., J. Chromatogr. A, 2024, 1730, 465,146), the chromatographic method was down-scaled to capillary liquid chromatography (cap-LC) scale, thus drastically reducing solvent consumption and obtaining a more eco-sustainable method with respect to conventional LC. Moreover, a linear gradient of the mobile phase was applied rather than a multi-step one, allowing the application of linear regression models (i.e. PLS (partial least squares)) and reducing overfitting risk.</div><div>A dataset of 53 standard phenolic compounds was used for model building and validation, while an external set consisting in bergamot juice analytes was used to evaluate the goodness of the QSRR model. To face the challenging QSRR step of variable selection, different methods were evaluated to reduce the number of variables needed to build the model. The final selected variables were evaluated for their impact on retention mechanisms, and the robustness of PLS model was tested across three different injection methods allowed by instrument manufacturer, thus simulating model transferability between different instrumental setup.</div><div>Linear retention indices (LRIs) were applied for retention data normalization to further enhance the robustness of QSRR models. The homologue series of 1-nitroalkanes was used for calculation of LRIs, taking advantage of the efficient coverage of the elution space from small and polar simple phenols to larger and medium polar structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards circular analytical chemistry: Optimization of colorimetric assay for sustainable and selective dopamine detection in pharmaceutical formulations using green solvents","authors":"Doretta Cuffaro ,&nbsp;Fabio Spiaggia ,&nbsp;Enrico Crispino ,&nbsp;Andrea Mezzetta ,&nbsp;Elisa Nuti ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Calderone ,&nbsp;Lorenzo Guazzelli ,&nbsp;Pasquale Palladino ,&nbsp;Maria Minunni","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2026.100329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2026.100329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The drive towards sustainability in analytical chemistry has prompted the replacement of hazardous solvents with greener alternatives, in line with circular chemistry principles. We here report a rapid, low-cost, and sustainable colorimetric assay for dopamine (DA) detection in pharmaceutical formulations. Building on our previously developed dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based melanochrome (MN) assay, three bio-based solvents—Cyrene™, γ-valerolactone (GVL), and N-butylpyrrolidone (NBP)—were evaluated as DMSO substitutes. Screening indicated that DMSO and NBP supported effective MN formation, whereas GVL and Cyrene were unsuitable. NBP was selected for optimization using a Design of Experiments (DoE) strategy to assess pH, solvent fraction, and temperature effects. Temporal contributions and interactions of parameters were analyzed through dynamic DoE modeling, with curvature effects evaluated via triplicate center-point measurements. Model predictivity was verified at the center and at the predicted maximum absorbance region, achieving the highest signal at 30 min. The optimized assay (NBP:buffer 1:4 v/v, pH 10.0, 45 °C) exhibited excellent linearity (R² = 0.9998) across 11–80 μg/mL, a low detection limit (LOD 1.35 μg/mL), and quantification limit (LOQ 4.59 μg/mL). Compared to the reference DMSO system, the NBP assay showed improved sensitivity and reduced solvent usage, minimizing environmental impact. Selectivity was confirmed against adrenergic drugs (adrenaline, noradrenaline, ephedrine, etilefrine, dobutamine), none of which produced MN chromophore. Thes results demostrated method robustness in clinically relevant contexts. Overall, the proposed NBP-based assay integrates eco-friendly solvent selection with DoE-guided optimization, delivering sensitivity, selectivity, and practicality for pharmaceutical quality control. Beyond simple solvent substitution, this study presents a systematic green re-evaluation of a validated analytical protocol, effectively balancing sustainability, functionality, and analytical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated solid phase extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for plastic and tire additives in surface waters: development, validation and greenness assessment","authors":"N. Carro,&nbsp;N. Díaz,&nbsp;J. Cobas,&nbsp;I. García,&nbsp;A. Mouteira,&nbsp;M. Ignacio","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automated solid phase extraction (SPE) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) methods were proposed for determination of plastic and tire additives in surface water. The plastic additives studied were phthalates (PAEs) and bisphenols (BPs), and the tire additives were diphenylamine derivatives (tire additives). These chemicals represent a serious hazard for the marine environment. BPs were derivatized prior to GC determination. The optimized and validated methods for seawater samples proved to be accurate (recoveries of 56–112 % for PAEs, 60–116 % for BPs and 60–110 % for tire additives), reproducible (relative standard deviation of 6–11 % for PAEs, 1–14 % for BPs and 4–13 % for tire additives) and sensitive for target analytes (detection limits of 0.015–0.142 μg/L for PAEs, 0.0010–0.0094 μg/L for BPs, 0.028–0.055 μg/L for tire additives). The methods were also validated for freshwater samples, showing satisfactory analytical parameters results. Finally, the validated methodologies were evaluated for environmental and occupational hazards using AGREE and successfully applied to the analysis of two types of surface water samples, influents and effluents from four sewage treatment plants (WWTPs) in Galicia. From the results obtained, a reduction of the compounds studied after passing through the WWTPs was observed. In fact, an influent surface water sample exceeded the MAC-EQS of Directive 2013/39/EU, this level was reduced when passing through the treatment plant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100316"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of quality by design guided HPTLC method for estimation of β-sitosterol in Celastrus paniculatus seed oil and its nano-formulation with greenness evaluation","authors":"Shruti V. Kolambkar ,&nbsp;Pramod J. Hurkadale ,&nbsp;Faizan A. Beerwala ,&nbsp;Chaitrali Bidikar ,&nbsp;Adilmehadi Karikazi ,&nbsp;Harsha Hegde ,&nbsp;Harish R. Darasaguppe","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100320","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Celastrus paniculatus</em> is an ethnomedicinally important shrub, belonging to the <em>Celastraceae</em> family. Its seed oil demonstrates diverse pharmacological activities. However, no Quality by Design (QbD)-based analytical method has been reported to date to estimate of β-sitosterol in <em>Celastrus paniculatus</em> seed oil (CPSO).</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>In this study, a HPTLC method was developed using QbD-based approach to estimate β-sitosterol in CPSO and its nano-formulation, followed by its validation parameters, such as calibration, specificity, sensitivity, precision, reproducibility, recovery, robustness, according to the ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines. CPSO was further characterized for its phytochemical profile through HPTLC fingerprinting and assessing the developed method’s greenness though AGREE scale, BAGI and ComplexGAPI tools.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>HPTLC method was developed by utilizing factorial design and T:EA:GAA:E (6:2:1:0.8)v/v/v/v was selected as the optimized method. The std, CPSO and formulation were then subjected to various validation parameters such as LOD (1.4 µg/ml) and LOQ (4.33 µg/ml), showing optimal results with a Rf value of 0.81. HPTLC fingerprinting revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, sterols and terpenoids. Greenness assessment based on AGREE score (0.79), ComplexGAPI and BAGI (77.5) of the developed HPTLC method highlighted its environmental safety.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A QbD-driven HPTLC method for CPSO was developed and validated, offering rapid, robust, and eco-friendly analysis, enabling phytochemical profiling, and reliable routine quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100320"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metric tools in analytical chemistry: From proliferation to harmonization","authors":"Victoria F. Samanidou","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2026.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2026.100326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-assisted design and optimization of two smart green HPLC methods for simultaneous determination of some antiviral drugs","authors":"M. Soner Bay ,&nbsp;Gizem Tiris ,&nbsp;Asena Ayse Genc ,&nbsp;Nevin Erk ,&nbsp;Reem Hasan Obaydo ,&nbsp;Hayam M. Lotfy","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2026.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2026.100323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods were developed and validated for the determination of dolutegravir (DTG), lamivudine (3TC), and abacavir (ABA) in pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, AI engines such as Copilot, ChatGPT 5.2, Gemini, and Perplexity were integrated into HPLC method development. The selected predicted conditions <strong>underwent</strong> experimental optimization, validation, and refinement. Their practical implementation significantly improved efficiency and accuracy in the analytical process. The first method, an isocratic HPLC, was designed for the simultaneous quantification of DTG and 3TC using an XBridge® C18 column and a mobile phase of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (pH 3.5, 50:50 <em>v/v</em>). Detection was performed at 258.0 nm for DTG and 275.0 nm for 3TC. The second method, a gradient HPLC, enabled the simultaneous quantification of DTG, 3TC, and ABA on a Spherisorb® ODS2 C18 column with methanol and TEA/TFA buffer (pH 3.15) as the mobile phase. Detection wavelengths were 258.0, 278.0, and 294.0 nm for DTG, 3TC, and ABA, respectively. The calibration ranges were wide and showed excellent linearity. Both techniques were validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R2) guidelines. The approaches align with smart analytical chemistry principles, combining green and white analytical chemistry (GAC and WAC) with AI-driven method development, resulting in accurate, fast, and sustainable techniques suitable for routine quality control applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid and high-throughput analysis of PAHs and pesticides adsorbed on microplastics using SPME-MS through a microfluidic open interface coupled to liquid electron ionization mass spectrometry","authors":"Tommaso Grazioso ,&nbsp;Achu Kuriakose ,&nbsp;Genny Grasselli ,&nbsp;Wei Zhou ,&nbsp;Janusz Pawliszyn ,&nbsp;Adriana Arigò ,&nbsp;Giorgio Famiglini ,&nbsp;Achille Cappiello","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive contaminants in aquatic environments, capable of adsorbing and transporting hazardous chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides. Understanding these adsorption processes is crucial for evaluating their ecological and health risks. In this study, a green analytical approach with a high-throughput, solid-phase microextraction coupled with a microfluidic open interface and liquid electron ionization mass spectrometry (SPME-MOI-LEI-MS), was applied to investigate the kinetics and thermodynamics of PAHs and pesticides adsorption on low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and polypropylene (PP) microplastics. Method optimization and validation demonstrated intraday RSD values below 15% and limits of quantification below 10 μg/L. Results revealed that PAHs adsorb predominantly through non-polar interactions, with adsorption efficiency correlating with analyte hydrophobicity. For pesticides, adsorption patterns were more diverse, reflecting differences in molecular structure and physicochemical properties. Notably, chlorpyrifos exhibited high affinity for LDPE (95% recovery), raising concern due to its toxicity. Competition experiments further highlighted how strongly adsorbing molecules can inhibit the uptake of weaker ones as adsorption capacity at the equilibrium of atrazine, metalaxyl, dichlorvos and alachlor increases in absence of chlorpyrifos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100315"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145694282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A green GC/FID engineering control to prevent carcinogenic exposure and chemical waste in petrochemical aldehyde monitoring","authors":"Mohammad Reza Ghavidel,&nbsp;Mohammad Heydari,&nbsp;Rahmatollah Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.greeac.2025.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic occupational exposure to styrene monomer (SM), a Group 2B carcinogen per IARC, represents a critical environmental and public health concern in petrochemical industries, particularly during routine aldehyde monitoring that requires direct handling of raw SM and toxic reagents (methanol, hydroxylamine, strong acids). To mitigate this dual occupational and environmental hazard, we developed a GC/FID method enabling direct, automated injection of SM samples without wet chemistry. This method specifically quantifies trace aldehydes: benzaldehyde, phenylacetaldehyde, and acetophenone by leveraging α-methylstyrene, an endogenous internal standard with quantified background correction. The method eliminates operator contact with carcinogenic vapors and hazardous reagents. Validation confirmed analytical equivalence to ASTM titration methods (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05, Z-score = –0.18), with high sensitivity (LOD: 0.04 mg/kg) and high precision (RSD up to 4.7 %). Crucially, workflow redesign reduces operator exposure to SM by &gt;90 % and cuts chemical waste generation by &gt;90 %, aligning with Green Analytical Chemistry and the Hierarchy of Controls. This study demonstrates how analytical innovation can serve as a scalable engineering control to prevent cancer risk and reduce environmental burden in industrial laboratories worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100594,"journal":{"name":"Green Analytical Chemistry","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145610537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}