Gas Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Dynamic imaging of CO2 plume migration from sparse monitoring data using neural network models","authors":"Yingxiang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Qin ,&nbsp;Harun Ates ,&nbsp;Arif Rustamov ,&nbsp;Behnam Jafarpour","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring the migration of injected CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> plumes is essential for ensuring the safety and long-term effectiveness of carbon storage. However, current monitoring techniques face inherent trade-offs amoung cost, spatial coverage, and acquisition frequency. While 4D seismic imaging offers comprehensive spatial coverage of subsurface CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> distribution, its high cost and long acquisition intervals limit its practicality for continuous monitoring. In contrast, more affordable methods, such as 2D time-lapse seismic and vertical seismic profile (VSP) surveys, enable more frequent data acquisition but provide limited spatial coverage and rely on fixed sensor locations that remain unchanged across surveys. This lack of adaptability can result in redundant measurements in well-sampled areas and blind spots in regions where the plume evolves outside the fixed survey layout. To address these challenges, we propose a data-driven monitoring framework that combines neural network-based 3D CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> plume reconstruction with prediction-guided dynamic sensor placement. To mitigate the spatial limitations of 2D acquisition, a 3D U-Net architecture is used to reconstruct volumetric CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> saturation fields from sparse 2D measurements. Based on the reconstruction, a spatiotemporal neural network forecasts plume migration, enabling dynamic sensor placement guided by predicted CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> movement. Two strategies are proposed: (1) extending measurement lines to follow predicted plume migration, and (2) targeting regions with significant predicted CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> changes to reduce redundancy. The framework is evaluated using a synthetic 3D simulation and the Kimberlina 1.2 CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> reservoir model. Results demonstrate that the 3D U-Net effectively reconstructs CO<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> plumes from sparse data, while prediction-guided sensor placement significantly reduces acquisition costs without compromising monitoring performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 205826"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and flow in argillaceous silt hydrate-bearing sediments: Insights from SEM characterization and simulation","authors":"Lu Yu ,&nbsp;Chenlu Xu ,&nbsp;Hongfeng Lu ,&nbsp;Guodong Cui ,&nbsp;Jiyong Liu ,&nbsp;Yinghua Lian ,&nbsp;Xian Li ,&nbsp;Rongrong Qi ,&nbsp;Shansi Tian ,&nbsp;Zhejun Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS) in the Shenhu Area of South China Sea are characterized by the prevalence of micro to nanoscale pore throats. In this study, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to extract the pore network topology of in-situ reservoir samples and a hybrid modeling approach was used to construct pore network models for two hydrate morphologies, namely pore-filling and grain-coating, under varying hydrate saturations. This approach facilitated a systematic characterization of the evolution of static petrophysical parameters in this type of HBS. The results show the growth of grain-coating hydrates tends to obstruct flow pathways, thus preventing the occurrence of high saturation. It can be deduced from the well-log data that the pore-filling morphology is predominant in argillaceous silt HBS. The attenuation relationship between absolute permeability and hydrate saturation was quantified using quasi-steady-state flow simulations. As hydrate saturation of HBS tested in this study increased from 0 % to 50 %, the reservoir permeability decreased from 0.49 mD to 0.08 mD. The relationship between these variables can be described by the power function, which is expressed as <em>k</em> = <em>k</em>₀ (1-<em>S</em>_h)^2.606. Furthermore, gas-liquid capillary pressure curves and relative permeability curves were obtained under varying hydrate saturations. The argillaceous silt HBS displays high gas-liquid capillary pressure, with a threshold pressure exceeding 1.75 MPa. The higher hydrate saturations have been shown to result in enhanced gas-water interference, a lower equipermeability point, and a narrower two-phase co-flow region. The findings of this study can provide essential scientific validation for simulating production potential and optimizing development strategies for argillaceous silt HBS in the South China Sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 205821"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of gas pressure on helium diffusion in different rocks using high-precision volumetric method","authors":"Yuhao Wang ,&nbsp;Tong Wu ,&nbsp;Hong Pang ,&nbsp;Jian Li ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Wang ,&nbsp;Zhusong Xu ,&nbsp;Zhejun Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205822","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205822","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the diffusion kinetics of helium is crucial for elucidating the dynamic mechanisms underlying the enrichment process of helium-rich gas reservoirs. During gas diffusion in porous media, the concentration gradient is also caused by the pressure gradient, however, the influence of gas pressure on helium diffusion remains poorly understood and lacks a unified interpretation. Moreover, due to helium's smallest molecular size, it exhibits rapid diffusion but limited diffusion mass, therefore, it requires high precision measurement to study its diffusion behavior, particularly its relationship with pressure. This study employs a self-developed \"high-temperature and high-pressure gas adsorption and diffusion apparatus\" to conduct gas diffusion experiments on shale, coal, and metamorphic rock samples. Diffusion data were measured at 10 pressure points from 0 to 6 MPa. The diffusion behavior was fitted using unipore and bidisperse diffusion models to investigate the diffusion laws of helium under varying gas pressures and across different rocks. Results indicate that the pore size distribution of rocks governs helium diffusion characteristics. When the pore size distribution is more concentrated, the diffusion behavior can be better described by the unipore diffusion model. The diffusion capacity of helium in different rocks decreases with increasing gas pressure, with the effective diffusivity of coal showing the highest rate of change (coal &gt; shale &gt; metamorphic rock). Larger pore volume and surface area in rocks lead to a more pronounced effect of gas pressure on helium diffusion capacity. Differences in helium diffusion capacity among different rocks were observed, with coal &gt; metamorphic rock &gt; shale. Pore volume, pore size, and fractal dimension D₂ exhibit positive correlations with effective diffusivity, whereas pore surface area demonstrates a negative correlation with effective diffusivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"146 ","pages":"Article 205822"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of well tractor conveyance technology for ultra-long horizontal well in shale gas reservoir","authors":"Wenrui Shi ,&nbsp;Zhihua Zhang ,&nbsp;Meiyu Guo ,&nbsp;Zhiheng Cui ,&nbsp;Yong Liao ,&nbsp;Chang Xiao ,&nbsp;Haitao Rao ,&nbsp;Steven Young","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As one of the most convenient conveyance tools in shale gas horizontal wells, the well tractor plays a crucial role in conveying downhole tools. With the emergence of ultra-long horizontal sections in shale gas wells in recent years, traditional tractors may face challenges related to insufficient pull force. As the well inclination increases and the length of horizontal well section increases, the required pull force also increases. Research on the force characteristics of tractor conveyance revealed that when the well inclination reaches 120° and the section length reaches 4500 m, the required pull force can reach 10555 N, far exceeding the pull force provided by traditional tractors. To address this situation, this study investigated two aspects to improve pull force: improving the friction of drive wheels and optimizing the tractor's power system. The research shows that the friction force can be changed by controlling the normal force through the hydraulic system, which can effectively improve the pull force. When the normal force is between 0 and 10 MPa, pull force steadily increases, reaching a maximum of nearly 10000 N. When the normal pressure exceeds 10 MPa, pull force begins to decline. Therefore, setting the hydraulic pressure (normal force) provided by the hydraulic system to a continuously adjustable range between 0 and 10 MPa ensures efficient pull force output. Second, replacing the triangular-shaped teeth drive wheel with a conical tooth drive wheel can increase pull force by 12 %–14.9 %. Furthermore, with respect to the drive power system, the efficiency of the tractor can be improved by using reducers with varying reduction ratios. The higher the reduction ratio, the greater the tractor's power output. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed methods is validated through case studies, offering valuable insights and references for the development of tractor conveyance technologies for horizontal wells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 205799"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of heterogeneity, rock-fluid interactions, and cyclic loading on reservoir rock mechanical integrity during underground hydrogen storage","authors":"C.J. Nanayakkara ,&nbsp;M.S.A. Perera ,&nbsp;Z.F. Islam ,&nbsp;J. Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205789","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205789","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green hydrogen production from renewable energy sources and its subsequent storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs is considered a sustainable solution to carbon emission-based environmental issues. Among many challenges associated with this process, multi-scale heterogeneity in the reservoir rocks, ranging from microscopic grains to macroscopic faults, emerges as a pressing concern. Heterogeneities are weak zones, and their presence reduces the reservoir rock's strength while intensifying its mechanical degradation from biogeochemical reactions and cyclic loading during underground hydrogen storage (UHS). Different accessory minerals introduce mineralogical heterogeneity to the reservoir rock. Their geochemical reactions with injected hydrogen cause mineral dissolution/precipitation, altering the rock structure and affecting its mechanical integrity. Concurrently, cyclic hydrogen injection and production periodically vary the reservoir rock's effective stress, creating local stress concentrations in its heterogeneous structures and accelerating rock failure. Faults, a key structural heterogeneity in the reservoirs, can be reactivated by increased pore pressure from hydrogen injection, inducing seismicity. Fault slip risk is also increased by water from microbial reactions in UHS, which lubricates the faults, reducing the fault's friction and shear strength. Beyond amplifying the mechanical weakening, heterogeneities make the reservoir rock's mechanical response complex and unpredictable. The mechanical integrity of the reservoir rock during UHS, concerning its heterogeneous nature, remains under-explored. Even the related studies present limited replication of the subsurface storage conditions. Considering this knowledge gap, the review aims to synthesize existing knowledge on the mechanical integrity of heterogeneous reservoir rocks during UHS in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs with recommendations for improving future experimental studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 205789"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing model evaluation protocol for gas release risk in energy transition","authors":"Hui Hu ,&nbsp;Yihan Fang ,&nbsp;Bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205793","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205793","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coupling of fossil fuel-based hydrogen production with Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) technology represents an effective low-carbon emission approach for hydrogen production. The use of predictive models can more efficiently capture potential hydrogen and CO₂ leakage risks. However, the validation procedure within the current Model Evaluation Protocol (MEP) remains unclear. This study aims to improve the validation procedure by proposing a refined sampling-based method for evaluating gas dispersion models. A point-wise concentration sampling framework is introduced to enhance the consistency and reliability of Statistical Performance Measure (SPM) calculations. The method is applied to evaluate the predicted performance of five models under hydrogen and CO₂ dispersion. The results show that the PHAST model exhibits broader applicability to both gases, while the C-SAT model performs best for hydrogen. In contrast, other models all exhibit significant deviations. Statistical analysis indicates that this method leads to SPM values more closely approaching the ideal range. The results demonstrate that the proposed sampling method can refine or standardize the existing MEP, facilitating the correct evaluation of the gas dispersion models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 205793"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145333696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of Bio-MOF-based cobalt-glutamic acid for CO2/CH4 adsorption: Experimental and isotherm modeling","authors":"Fayza Yulia ,&nbsp;Muhammad Ridha ,&nbsp;Ahmad Singgih ,&nbsp;Arya Wirayuda ,&nbsp;Euis Djubaedah ,&nbsp;Tarno ,&nbsp;Nonni Soraya Sambudi ,&nbsp;Sri Hastuty ,&nbsp;Nasruddin","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The natural gas and carbon capture industries require sustainable solutions, therefore producing eco-friendly materials is important. The Bio-Metal Organic Framework (Bio-MOF) of cobalt chloride and L-glutamic acid (Co-Glu) produced ultrasonically in this research captures and stores CO₂ and CH₄ sustainably. For industrial applications, the Bio-MOF reduces energy usage, improves material characteristics, and scales for mass manufacturing. The synthesis was improved using several reactant molar ratios, and SEM, XRD, TGA, FTIR, and BET were used to analyze the material's structure and stability. Post-combustion experiments evaluated CO₂ and CH₄ gas adsorption ability from ambient pressure up to 3.0 MPa. The research found that the Bio-MOF had high uptake capacity for CO₂ and CH₄ at 27 °C, with CO₂ uptakes of 0.51 kg/kg and CH₄ uptakes of 0.12 kg/kg, demonstrating excellent performance at moderate pressures. Isotherm modelling were also undertaken with the langmuir, toth, and langmuir-freundlich (Sips) model to simulate adsorption isotherms with R² values of 0.99 and AARE values of 0.05 observed in most regressions. The Clausius-Clapeyron and Chakraborty-Saha-Koyama (CSK) equation was used to compute the enthalpy of adsorption up to 700 kJ/kg, highlighting the energy-efficient potential of Bio-MOFs in gas storage applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 205762"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen production via in-situ combustion gasification: Insights from lab-scale modeling assisted by machine learning","authors":"Ping Song ,&nbsp;Yunan Li ,&nbsp;Mohamed Amine Ifticene ,&nbsp;Qingwang Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205787","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205787","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In-situ combustion gasification (ISCG) of heavy oil reservoirs has recently emerged as a promising approach for carbon-zero hydrogen (H₂) production. While combustion tube experiments report low H₂ production, field-scale projects recorded relatively high H₂ yields. To investigate this discrepancy, we conducted 2000 simulations via CMG-STARS assisted by machine learning and identified the combination of parameters that leads to the optimal scenarios. We found that, under the condition of co-injection of water and air, the temperature with the highest H₂ production is around 400 °C where gasification dominates H₂ generation, while cumulative CO₂ is lower than that of H₂. The optimized cases revealed up to 57.7 kg/m³ H₂ per unit of consumed oil and 0.0125 kg total H₂ produced. Our ML models achieved high predictive accuracy (training score &gt;96 %, testing score &gt;88 %), enabling fast evaluation of optimal input conditions. The limited availability of reactants and the inability to sustain high temperatures in combustion tube likely account for the low H₂ production. Machine learning promoted the preliminary validation of the feasibility of ISCG process. This paper also provides insights that can guide future research on H₂ generation via ISCG, thereby supporting the development of this promising technology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 205787"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating advanced frequency-domain signal processing with machine learning for accurate leak detection in subsurface CO2 storage","authors":"Saeed Harati ,&nbsp;Sina Rezaei Gomari ,&nbsp;Mohammad Azizur Rahman ,&nbsp;Rashid Hassan ,&nbsp;Ibrahim Hassan ,&nbsp;Ahmad K. Sleiti ,&nbsp;Matthew Hamilton","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ensuring the integrity of geological CO₂ storage is critical for the long-term success of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies. The detection and localisation of potential leakage events rapidly and accurately remains a key challenge, particularly under constraints of limited monitoring data. This study presents a proof-of-concept framework that integrates advanced frequency-domain signal processing with machine learning to address this challenge using only pressure data from a monitoring well in a CO₂ storage site. Here, pressure signals are translated into the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in order to extract physically meaningful features that are highly sensitive to leakage phenomena. These features capture subtle variations in signal behaviour that are often missed in time-domain analysis. A two-stage machine learning pipeline is also developed, involving a classification stage to distinguish leak versus no-leak conditions, followed by leak localisation in a regression stage.</div><div>The results showed that in the leak detection stage, ensemble and probabilistic classifiers, particularly Naive Bayes (test accuracy = 0.9873, F1 = 0.9788) and Random Forest (test accuracy = 0.9823, F1 = 0.9016), outperformed linear models by a substantial margin. In the localisation stage, the K-Nearest Neighbours Regressor (test R² = 0.9899, MAE ≈ 6.8 m) and Gradient Boosting Regressor (test R² = 0.9790, MAE ≈ 9.5 m) achieved the highest spatial prediction accuracy. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that frequency-domain feature engineering substantially enhances leak-detection sensitivity and spatial inference accuracy compared to time-domain methods. The proposed framework is computationally efficient, requiring only sparse pressure data, and can be integrated into real-time monitoring systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 205798"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145474389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical response of stratified methane hydrate reservoirs: Multiscale insights into dip angle effects on geomechanical stability","authors":"Bin Gong ,&nbsp;Ruiqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ruijie Ye ,&nbsp;Yujing Jiang ,&nbsp;Bowen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205791","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205791","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Submarine methane hydrate extraction poses significant risks of triggering geological hazards in stratified formations, where variations in sedimentary dip angles and interlayer heterogeneity substantially amplify instability potential. This study establishes a critical framework for evaluating dip angle influences on the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of heterogeneous hydrate-bearing sediments through an integrated discrete element modeling (DEM). Systematic simulations integrating dip angle (0–90°), hydrate saturation (13.3–40 %), and effective confining pressure (0.5–3 MPa) revealed three key findings: (1) Specimens exhibited dip-dependent strain-softening behavior accompanied by shear dilation, with softening magnitude decreasing by 38 % as dip angles increased from 0° to 90°; (2) A characteristic U-shaped strength profile emerged, showing minimum failure strength (4.2 MPa) at θ = 60° due to interlayer slip amplification; (3) Cohesion decreased linearly while internal friction angle followed a parabolic trend (minimum 28.6° at θ = 45°) with increasing dip angles. The multiscale analysis identified three distinct failure modes: 45° shear planes in low-angle formations (θ ≤ 30°), transitional landslides (θ = 45°), and catastrophic bedding-parallel failures (θ = 60°) associated with 62 % strength reduction. These findings provide mechanistic insights into stratum-controlled reservoir destabilization, offering quantitative guidelines for geohazard mitigation during hydrate exploitation in inclined sedimentary systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"145 ","pages":"Article 205791"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}