Gas Science and Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Cybersecurity and cyber-attacks in the growing natural gas and hydrogen Industry: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities","authors":"Haoming Ma ,&nbsp;Yang Lu ,&nbsp;Zuhao Kou ,&nbsp;Zhenqian Xue ,&nbsp;Wei Yu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang ,&nbsp;Peng Deng ,&nbsp;Chaojie Di ,&nbsp;Yuanrui Zhu ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Zhangxing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The natural gas and hydrogen industries are increasingly integral to the global transition toward a decarbonized energy future. With the integration of digital technologies such as Industrial Control Systems (ICS), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), these industries have enhanced operational efficiency and scalability. However, this digital evolution has concurrently expanded the cyber-attack surface, exposing critical infrastructure to sophisticated threats ranging from ransomware to advanced persistent threats (APTs). This review article summarizes the evolving cybersecurity landscape in the natural gas and hydrogen industries, emphasizing the vulnerabilities introduced by digital transformation and the rising frequencies of cyber intrusions. It investigates historical cyber-attacks, threat vectors, and their economic, operational, and environmental impacts. The article also discusses advanced security frameworks, the role of AI and machine learning in threat detection, and innovations such as blockchain and digital twins. Finally, forward-looking strategies and actionable recommendations are presented to foster cyber resilience in the context of the emerging hydrogen economy. This systematic review underscores the rising importance of integrating cybersecurity into energy system design, policy, and operations to safeguard infrastructure in a highly interconnected digital and renewable energy transition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CO2 hydrate slurry rheology, flow, and modeling: A comprehensive review","authors":"Fuqiao Bai,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Chen,&nbsp;Yingda Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ hydrate technology is attracting growing interest across a range of established and emerging fields, including offshore oil and gas flow assurance, secondary refrigeration, and carbon capture and sequestration. In most of these applications, CO₂ hydrates exist in the form of a slurry, with solid hydrate particles dispersed in a liquid medium. The rheological and flow behaviors of CO₂ hydrate slurries are critical to their successful applications. Compared to natural gas hydrates, CO₂ hydrate research is relatively recent. Existing reviews primarily focus on thermodynamics and formation kinetics of CO₂ hydrate, with limited attention to flow-related properties. To address this gap, we present a comprehensive review of four key areas central to CO₂ hydrate slurry flow: (1) rheology, (2) interfacial tension between CO₂ hydrate and the dispersion medium, (3) flow modeling, and (4) practical applications. We conclude with a discussion of the current challenges and future research directions. The insights provided in this review aim to support the development of efficient and scalable CO₂ hydrate technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205748"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An MILP framework for gas supply chain infrastructure planning with endogenous logistics schemes","authors":"Yoga Wienda Pratama ,&nbsp;Nadhilah Reyseliani ,&nbsp;Widodo Wahyu Purwanto","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205742","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205742","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) framework to minimise the costs of gas supply chains. Distinct from existing approaches in the literature, which often rely on pre-defined logistics schemes and treat storage sizing at receiving terminals in isolation, this framework integrates these into a single optimisation model. By setting these elements as decision variables, the framework allows for simultaneous optimisation of shipping strategies and receiving terminals design. Here, the liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain in Indonesia's Maluku Islands was used as a case study. Additionally, the framework was applied to the Finnish coastline and the Caribbean Islands, which differ substantially in terms of demand levels, distances between locations, and geographical contexts, to demonstrate its applicability to problems with differing characteristics. The results show that clustering demands to increase project sizes can lead to significant cost reductions. However, the marginal gains of these economies of scale diminish rapidly as project size grows, especially with longer shipping distances. Finally, the proposed framework was also shown to provide substantially lower-cost solutions compared to methods that rely on pre-determined shipping strategies or optimise shipping and storage capacities separately.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205742"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility and economic analysis of hydrogen seasonal storage in depleted gas reservoirs: A case study in Alberta","authors":"Xiao Yang ,&nbsp;Wei Cao ,&nbsp;Shuaichen Liu ,&nbsp;Ning Qi ,&nbsp;Shengnan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) in depleted gas reservoirs is a promising solution to address seasonal energy imbalances in regions like Alberta, where surplus renewable electricity in summer contrasts sharply with high winter demand. At present, most existing studies are based on synthetic reservoir models and do not adequately account for geological heterogeneity, operational constraints observed in field conditions, or the integrated optimization of technical performance and economic viability. This study investigates the feasibility and economic potential of UHS in a near-depleted gas reservoir within the Edson Formation, Alberta. Multiple hydrogen-related mechanisms, including permeability hysteresis, structural trapping, diffusivity, solubility, and the effect of cushion gas are explicitly simulated, offering a more realistic assessment of storage dynamics. A novel multi-objective Sparrow Search Algorithm (MOSSA) combined with Pareto non-dominated ranking is developed to simultaneously maximize hydrogen recovery factor and Net Present Value (NPV), incorporating both integer and continuous operational variables such as well count, location, injection rates, and conversion timing. Results show that optimal well configurations improve hydrogen recovery by up to 10 % over the base case, with economic scenarios achieving projected revenues exceeding CAD 23.78 million in the tenth year. Sensitivity analysis reveals that pressure and well scheduling significantly affect performance, while storage mechanisms exert minimal impact. This research provides a technically and economically robust framework for large-scale UHS deployment in real field settings, addressing key knowledge gaps and supporting Alberta's transition to a low-carbon energy system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205743"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic feasibility and environmental benefits of green hydrogen production in Southeast Asia using solar and wind energy","authors":"Prangon Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Prithibi Das ,&nbsp;Rahbaar Yeassin ,&nbsp;Ephraim Bonah Agyekum ,&nbsp;Tariq Alkhrissat ,&nbsp;Omar Farrok","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global energy transition requires innovative solutions to reduce carbon emissions and combat climate issues. Green hydrogen provides a vital approach to reducing carbon emissions in high-energy industries. While many studies evaluate hydrogen viability in individual countries, a regional assessment for Southeast Asia is lacking. This study fills that gap by assessing the potential for green hydrogen production across eleven Southeast Asian countries, considering both photovoltaic and wind energy resources. By integrating climate data, energy models, and cost analyses, the study examines hydrogen yield, the levelized cost of hydrogen, and carbon dioxide reduction potential. The results reveal variations in renewable resource availability, with East Timor, Laos, and the Philippines having the best conditions for hydrogen production. Wind-powered electrolysis proves to be more economical than solar-based systems, with the Philippines exhibiting the most competitive levelized cost of hydrogen. The sensitivity analysis highlights the impact of degradation, discount rates, and the combined influence of capital, operation, and maintenance costs on production expenses. Additionally, enhancing electrolyzer efficiency presents a potential avenue for cost reduction. The findings underscore the need for strong policy frameworks, financial incentives, and infrastructure investments to support hydrogen adoption. With advancements in technology, policy, and investment, Southeast Asia could become a major green hydrogen supplier, enhance regional energy security, and contribute to global decarbonization goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205741"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Liquefied Natural Gas supply chain robustness through digital twin-driven machine learning models: A special case of cryogenic heat exchanger","authors":"Mariem Mhiri ,&nbsp;Hajer Mkacher ,&nbsp;Maryam Al-Khatib ,&nbsp;Mohamed Kharbeche ,&nbsp;Ahmed AlNouss ,&nbsp;Mohamed Haouari","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) supply chain plays a critical role in the global energy sector but remains vulnerable to technical disruptions that compromise operational stability. Equipment failures pose significant risks, leading to production halts and quality degradation. This paper proposes a proof-of-concept resilience-enhancing framework to mitigate minor disruptions that, if left unaddressed, could escalate and impact LNG production continuity. Focusing on the Cryogenic Heat Exchanger (CHE) as a case study, an essential component of liquefaction, the framework integrates digital twins (DT), machine learning (ML), and predictive model to enable real-time monitoring, early failure detection, and proactive mitigation. First, randomly online simulated data on critical parameters (temperature, pressure, and flow rate) is collected using IoT sensors. Next, this data is processed through Aspen HYSYS-based and ML-driven DT to assess the system performance and predict potential failures, respectively. Finally, a Vector Autoregressive model is employed to forecast future operating conditions based on recent observations, capturing system dynamics and correlations. The resulting forecasts will feed the ML model to predict the next operational state. The framework is validated through an extensive computational study on randomly generated scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed system monitoring enhances LNG supply chain robustness, achieving early failure detection averaging 57.21% and significant downtime reduction reaching 31.57% on average compared to corrective maintenance strategies. These findings underscore the framework’s potential to improve operational efficiency and stability in LNG production, offering a scalable solution for supply chain robustness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sealing and permeability reduction during coal seam grouting based on computed tomography imaging technique","authors":"Xiangyun Su ,&nbsp;Dongyang Han ,&nbsp;Fan Wu ,&nbsp;Yueping Qin ,&nbsp;Shibin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sealing pores and fractures in coal seams through grouting is essential for improving gas extraction efficiency. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive approach involving grouting tests, X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning experiments, and three-dimensional (3D) model reconstruction to investigate the impact of ultrafine cement slurry on the mitigation of drilling air leakage. Pore network models were constructed to analyze the pore size distribution, porosity, connectivity, and fractal dimension. The sealing effect was quantitatively evaluated by the variation of permeability parameters before and after grouting. The results show that: (i) The ultrafine cement with a particle median diameter of 3.22 μm effectively reduces air leakage. Grouting distinctly decreases the sizes of pores and fractures, with the cement slurry playing a key role in sealing fractures. (ii) After grouting, parameters including pore radius, porosity, and connectivity of coal distinctly decreased. The connected porosity in different regions is reduced by 0.57 %, 1.96 %, 1.09 %, and 4.72 %, respectively. (iii) The permeability of the four models decreased by 62.38 %, 62.56 %, 59.93 %, and 71.07 % after grouting, respectively. This research aims to provide a foundation for the grouting sealing engineering test of drilling gas extraction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205736"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan oligosaccharide derivatives as green corrosion inhibitors for 20# steel in 25 °C carbon dioxide environments","authors":"Shitao Liu,&nbsp;Jun Zhou,&nbsp;Guangchuan Liang,&nbsp;Xidi Lyu,&nbsp;Ye Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A vanillin-based chitosan oligosaccharide quaternary ammonium salt (QCO) was synthesized, and its corrosion inhibition performance on 20# steel in a 25 °C 3.0 wt% NaCl CO₂ saturated solution was studied. The adsorption energy of the inhibitor was calculated through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. QCO showed good corrosion inhibition effects on 20# steel, reaching a maximum inhibition rate of 92.8 % with 100 ppm. Surface studies conducted using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) - Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) revealed the adsorption protective film on the steel surface. MD results suggested that increasing the concentration of QCO within a certain range can enhance the efficiency of corrosion inhibition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205738"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of hydraulic fluctuations on the microstructure and mechanical properties of coal","authors":"Yiyu Lu ,&nbsp;Shipu Miao ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Lu ,&nbsp;Junping Zhou ,&nbsp;Baixue Wang ,&nbsp;Jiankun Zhou ,&nbsp;Shirong Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing periodic hydraulic fluctuations, Pulse Hydraulic Fracturing (PHF) effectively enhances fracture network development in low-permeability coal seams and helps coalbed methane (CBM) extraction. However, the influence of hydraulic fluctuations on structural evolution in coal remains unclear. This study systematically investigates microstructural and mechanical property alterations through X-ray diffraction (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), and Brazilian tensile strength (BTS) tests. The results demonstrate that after hydraulic fluctuation action, coal's microstructure significantly improved. The clay mineral content in coal decreased by 16.30 %, mainly through physical processes including dissolution, transfer, and detachment caused by hydraulic fluctuations. Pore structure evolution showed a 6.45 % porosity increase accompanied by a 50.95 % expansion in macropore proportion and corresponding micropore reduction. Fractal dimensions of pores decreased, indicating smoother pores conducive to CBM transport. Conversely, hydraulic fluctuations weakened the mechanical properties of coal, inducing reductions of 39.76 %, 35.23 %, and 37.50 % in UCS, elastic modulus (E), and tensile strength (TS), respectively. We found that changes in coal porosity and macropore proportion constitute primary factors governing mechanical strength degradation. The theoretical relationship between pore structure and mechanical strength of coal under hydraulic fluctuations was established and a hydraulic fluctuations damage factor <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>D</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></mrow></math></span> was obtained. Furthermore, the mechanism of hydraulic fluctuations on coal structure was analyzed according to dynamic impact and fatigue damage effects, and a conceptual model was proposed to explain the structural evolution mechanism of coal under hydraulic fluctuations. This research can provide theoretical support for the exploration of PHF-enhanced <span>CBM</span> extraction technology in low-porosity coal seams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shale permeability evolution during lifetime gas production considering bedding orientation: Relative contributions of poroelasticity and gas dynamics","authors":"Yufei Chen ,&nbsp;Weimeng Chen ,&nbsp;Qiangui Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangyu Fan ,&nbsp;Changbao Jiang ,&nbsp;Chuanyao Zhong ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jgsce.2025.205737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gas recovery and permeability evolution in shale reservoirs with various bedding orientations during the lifetime gas production are dynamically controlled by the coupling of poroelasticity and gas dynamics, however, the relative contributions of both effects to shale permeability still remain unclear. In this study, we experimentally and theoretically investigated the changes in shale permeability using shale samples with four separate bedding angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°), under both constant effective stress and constant confining pressure conditions. Results show that an increase in bedding angle generally enhances the effect of poroelasticity on shale permeability but suppresses that of gas dynamics. Also, utilizing the effective stress coefficient <em>χ</em> would unify the permeability evolutions at relatively high pore pressures (approximately &gt; 6 MPa). A theoretical permeability model was derived and it could reasonably match the permeability data. Most importantly, poroelasticity and gas dynamics contribute oppositely to the overall shale permeability evolution and an almost 25-percent contribution of gas dynamics would result in a permeability rebound. We further provided a new method to evaluate the deformation-induced reduction of gas dynamics effect on gas flow and this reduction increases with increasing pore pressure but decreasing bedding angle. Finally, we determined the critical pore pressure below which the gas flow behavior in shale reservoirs will transform from poroelasticity-to gas dynamics-dominated to enhance the apparent permeability. This parameter, approximately ranging from 6.5 to 9 MPa, increases in deep- but decreases in inclined-shale reservoirs. The present study aims to provide a theoretical support for the high-efficiency development and high-precision production prediction of shale gas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100568,"journal":{"name":"Gas Science and Engineering","volume":"143 ","pages":"Article 205737"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144695046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}