日益增长的天然气和氢气行业的网络安全和网络攻击:挑战和机遇的系统回顾

IF 5.5 0 ENERGY & FUELS
Haoming Ma , Yang Lu , Zuhao Kou , Zhenqian Xue , Wei Yu , Kai Zhang , Peng Deng , Chaojie Di , Yuanrui Zhu , Hao Wang , Zhangxing Chen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

天然气和氢工业在全球向脱碳能源未来过渡的过程中日益不可或缺。随着工业控制系统(ICS)、监控和数据采集(SCADA)系统、物联网(IoT)设备和人工智能(AI)等数字技术的集成,这些行业提高了运营效率和可扩展性。然而,这种数字化演变同时也扩大了网络攻击的范围,使关键基础设施暴露在从勒索软件到高级持续性威胁(apt)的复杂威胁之下。这篇综述文章总结了天然气和氢气行业不断发展的网络安全格局,强调了数字化转型和网络入侵频率上升带来的漏洞。它调查了历史上的网络攻击、威胁载体及其经济、运营和环境影响。本文还讨论了先进的安全框架,人工智能和机器学习在威胁检测中的作用,以及区块链和数字双胞胎等创新。最后,提出了前瞻性战略和可操作的建议,以促进新兴氢经济背景下的网络弹性。该系统综述强调了将网络安全整合到能源系统设计、政策和运营中,以在高度互联的数字化和可再生能源转型中保护基础设施的重要性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cybersecurity and cyber-attacks in the growing natural gas and hydrogen Industry: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities
The natural gas and hydrogen industries are increasingly integral to the global transition toward a decarbonized energy future. With the integration of digital technologies such as Industrial Control Systems (ICS), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and Artificial Intelligence (AI), these industries have enhanced operational efficiency and scalability. However, this digital evolution has concurrently expanded the cyber-attack surface, exposing critical infrastructure to sophisticated threats ranging from ransomware to advanced persistent threats (APTs). This review article summarizes the evolving cybersecurity landscape in the natural gas and hydrogen industries, emphasizing the vulnerabilities introduced by digital transformation and the rising frequencies of cyber intrusions. It investigates historical cyber-attacks, threat vectors, and their economic, operational, and environmental impacts. The article also discusses advanced security frameworks, the role of AI and machine learning in threat detection, and innovations such as blockchain and digital twins. Finally, forward-looking strategies and actionable recommendations are presented to foster cyber resilience in the context of the emerging hydrogen economy. This systematic review underscores the rising importance of integrating cybersecurity into energy system design, policy, and operations to safeguard infrastructure in a highly interconnected digital and renewable energy transition.
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