e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy最新文献

{"title":"Energy consumption reduction for an ultra-low-cost artificial pancreas using an event-trigger MPC strategy","authors":"Jhon E. Goez-Mora, Pablo S. Rivadeneira","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work aims to evaluate the performance of an impulsive Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy with an event-triggered (ET) approach implemented in an artificial pancreas (AP) system to determine if insulin injection is necessary, avoiding the execution of the control algorithm and the use of hardware associated to that in each sampling period. The primary focus is addressing practical challenges such as energy autonomy and glucose regulation using real hardware, actuators, batteries, and virtual patients instead of relying solely on simulations. The proposed system integrates an ET-based MPC strategy with a custom-built ultra-low-cost insulin infusion mechanism driven by a stepper motor. The system is tested on two embedded systems, one with greater computing capacity, power consumption, and a 5000 mA battery (Raspberry Pi 3B) and another control unit with lower computing capacity and power consumption using a 1200 mA battery (Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W). Both are equipped with a power manager and integrated with a smart sensor that allows the control algorithm to not only not be executed during periods when injection is not required but also the device to remain off during periods of inactivity. Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing is conducted to analyze energy autonomy and blood glucose regulation (BG). The evaluation includes scenarios with parametric variations, unannounced meals, and noise measurement, comparing the ET approach to the standard time-trigger (TT) strategy. The ET-based approach achieved significant energy savings compared with the TT strategy, extending battery life by 45%–60%, corresponding to an additional 100–186 operational hours while maintaining BG levels within an average range of 112–126 mg/dL and a time-in-range percentage of approximately 80%. The number of controller calculations was reduced by up to 60% for model 3B. For the Zero 2 W, emulation time increased from 17 to 53 h under the ET strategy, maintaining the BG regulation obtained by the TT base strategy. The ET approach avoids calculating and dosing unnecessary insulin in each sampling period to achieve the control objective. The strategy compensated the reduced controller executions with higher insulin doses in extended time intervals, where peaks increased from approximately 1.3 units with TT strategy to 5.3 units with ET approach. Unlike other works, which show energy savings based on assumptions made by running simulations only, this work presents actual measurements of the energy consumed by the device during BG regulation. By strategically managing device shutdown periods, the ET controller activation effectively reduces computational demand and enhances energy autonomy. This approach significantly extends the operational duration of the AP system as a portable device while maintaining effective BG regulation. The results demonstrate the potential of ET-based MPC strategies to address the energy and performance trade-offs in practical AP applic","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100988"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electric motor modeling, analysis, and design for E-mobility applications: A state of the art","authors":"Lourembam Ranjita Devi ,&nbsp;Sreenu Sreekumar ,&nbsp;Rohit Bhakar ,&nbsp;Dileep G. ,&nbsp;Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transportation sector has steadily shifted towards Electro-Mobility (E-Mobility) to achieve net-zero carbon emissions. One of the most important components of E-mobility is the electric motor, which must be designed for high torque, a wide speed range, and high efficiency at all speeds. Hence, significant research has been conducted on modeling, analyzing, and designing various electric motors like Brushless DC Motors (BLDCM), Induction Motors (IM), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM), Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM), and Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRM) and Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors (PMaSynRM) for E-mobility applications. These motors face several challenges in modeling, analyzing, and designing, such as handling nonlinearity, accurate thermal modeling, and selecting suitable tools/materials. Also, new motors like Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Motors (PMSynRM) have been introduced by different EV manufacturers. Hardly any research or reviews are available for dynamic modeling, performance analysis, and design optimization of PMSynRM. Accurate dynamic modeling, performance analysis, and design optimization can support industry and academia in developing improved motor modeling and designs. There is little attention paid to research reviews in the above areas. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed review of the modeling, analysis, and design of various motors, including new motors used in E-mobility applications. Furthermore, this review investigates the research challenges and future scopes in modeling, analyzing, and designing. Also, various motors are compared in terms of speed, torque, torque ripple, efficiency, weight, and cost. The review concludes that identified research challenges should be immediately addressed to achieve targeted net-zero goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100985"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-synchronous oscillation damping of series-compensated DFIG wind farm using TID controller","authors":"Mahmoud A. El-Dabah ,&nbsp;Mohamed H. Abdo ,&nbsp;Mohamed Abdeen ,&nbsp;Salah Kamel","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Elevated levels of series compensation in transmission lines, especially those associated with wind farms, increase the likelihood of sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) phenomenon, which poses a significant threat to the stability of the system. Inserting a supplementary damping controller (SDC) into a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) controller is one of the best-used methods for enhancing the system stability and damping the SSO. In this paper, the tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller's ability to dampen the SSO and improve the system's stability will be investigated. The Gorilla Troops Optimizer (GTO) is utilized to determine the optimum values of the TID controller that achieve faster convergence. The controller, TID, is added to the rotor-side converter (RSC) inner current loops of DFIG. The effectiveness and capability of the developed method for mitigating the SSO have been tested by both the time-domain simulation and small-signal analysis at different SSO types (variable wind speeds, different compensation levels, and sub-synchronous control interaction). Compared to the traditional method (lead-lag compensators), the obtained results verify that the least SSO damping time and faster convergence have been achieved by the TID controller under all studied cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100994"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terminal-based method for efficient inter-turn fault localization and severity assessment in transformer windings","authors":"K. Lakshmi Prasanna ,&nbsp;Manoj Samal ,&nbsp;Mithun Mondal","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Early detection of Inter-Turn Fault (ITF) in power transformers is crucial for preventing extensive damage to the windings. However the existing methods based on calculation of fault factors, machine learning methods, and statistical indices require additional terminals or internal tap points, extensive training data and high computational demands, and limited applicability due to non-standardization and specific frequency band selection. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a novel, non-invasive method for identifying the location and severity of ITFs using only external terminal measurements. Our approach leverages a non-iterative subspace identification algorithm to estimate the pole-zero-gain model from the measured Driving Point Impedance (DPI) frequency response, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>(s), of a faulty transformer. By solving a matrix equation involving gain, <span><math><mi>K</mi></math></span>, series capacitance (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), and ground capacitance (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>), we determine the faulty capacitance, <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> for each winding section. The fault location is then identified by correlating the measured and estimated DPIs, with the section exhibiting the maximum correlation being deemed the faulty disc and its corresponding <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> is the faulty capacitance. This approach accurately identifies the faulty disc and determines the extent of insulation damage caused by the ITF, as validated through simulation and experimental results on various winding types. It paves the way for a more efficient and reliable diagnostic solution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100982"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143830204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous flux and temperature sensing for permanent magnet machine air gap by composite Terfenol-D fibre bragg grating sensor","authors":"Asep Andi Suryandi ,&nbsp;Aras Ghafoor ,&nbsp;Anees Mohammed ,&nbsp;Siniša Djurović","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article evaluates the feasibility of applying a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor integrated with Terfenol-D magnetostrictive composite powder material to facilitate simultaneous observation of thermal and magnetic conditions in permanent magnet (PM) motors for condition monitoring purposes. The sensor design, calibration and measurand interpretation methods are first presented. The paper then reports experimental tests performed on a purpose-built PM rotor test rig instrumented with the proposed FBG composite flux sensor. The experimental results demonstrate that the sensor's measurements contain simultaneously obtained information on the thermal and magnetic conditions in the sensor location. The multiphysical thermo-magnetic sensing can be clearly differentiated based on the electric machine application inherently different dynamics of individual physics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100990"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of reinforcement learning based robust μ-synthesis controller for single phase grid-connected VSI","authors":"P. Shambhu Prasad,&nbsp;Alivelu M. Parimi","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grid-connected voltage source inverters have been increasingly employed for a wide range of applications such as power conversion and conditioning, filtering, compensation, etc. The increased employment of the number of inverters due to excessive penetration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) also causes huge concern to the overall stability of the system in terms of voltage fluctuations caused due to changes in grid impedance. Most of the existing solutions offer complex findings when it comes to practice for weak grids and the presence of non-linear loads. In this paper, a <span><math><mi>μ</mi></math></span>-synthesis controller for change in the impedance issue statement has been designed to study a robust solution to the controller problem. The order of the controller has been reduced with a balanced model reduction approach. A novel methodology of tuning the weighting functions of the controller with advanced machine learning-based reinforcement learning has been adapted and performance specifications of the controller have been studied with tuned weighting functions. To investigate the controller efficacy on non-linear loads, the viability of the controller was validated with real-time implementation. The stable operating modes were demonstrated by hardware in loop simulation of the inverter, and the controller along with the non-linear load.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing inertia in parallel VSGs: A power distribution strategy with washout filtering and adaptive virtual impedance","authors":"Kali Charan Pradhan,&nbsp;Kanungo Barada Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the reactive power-sharing problem employing sustaining inertia for a parallel microgrid with varying line impedances, this research suggests an innovative and forthright stability analysis of a virtual synchronous generator's (VSG) washout filter-based decentralized adaptive virtual impedance regulator employing a state space analysis technique. Typically, traditional VSGs mimic the behavior of synchronous generators without concentrating on eliminating undesired low-frequency dynamics, which under some circumstances may cause their reaction to be less optimized or slower. In order to improve the dynamic response of the VSG, this paper integrates washout filtering techniques. This improves high-frequency control, which is crucial for maintaining system stability, and enables the system to react to high-frequency shocks more successfully. This technique enhances the system's ability to provide more precise and prompt control during fleeting events, such as malfunctions or sudden changes in generation or demand. Enhancing the system's transient response without requiring more physical inertia is one of the most important breakthroughs of the washout filter-based VSG. The state space analysis method has been used to tune some parameters for the system's stability. An adaptive virtual impedance regulator is adopted to atone for the line impedance, which does not require any physical line impedance information to suppress the current flowing between VSGs and lower reactive power-sharing faults. The proposed washout filter-based VSG has an inherent stability characteristic of reconstructing and compensating for frequency and voltage fluctuation during transient with supporting inertia to the system. MATLAB/Simulink initially simulates this control approach, ensuring its functionality in a controlled environment. It is additionally confirmed on the hardware-in-loop OPAL-RT 4510 digital simulator, validating its performance and reliability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100989"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143843926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of current challenges in the design of low-noise broadband planar amplifiers: Review","authors":"Moustapha El Bakkali ,&nbsp;Oumaima Douass ,&nbsp;Faouzi Rahmani ,&nbsp;Said El Khaldi ,&nbsp;Naima Amar Touhami","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review article presents a thorough and in-depth analysis of recent advancements in wideband low-noise planar amplifiers (LNAs). It systematically examines the key factors influencing LNA performance and efficiency, providing a detailed quantitative and qualitative evaluation of over 40 relevant studies. The paper assesses the impact of various substrate materials, including FR4 and multiple Roger's substrates (RO 4003c, RT 5880, RO 4350, RO 3003, and RO AD250c), on amplifier characteristics. Additionally, it explores a wide range of bandwidth enhancement techniques and transistor technologies, such as GaAs, InGaAs, GaN, InGaP, and SiGe. By offering a thorough comparative analysis, this work highlights current challenges, proposes practical design recommendations, and serves as a valuable reference for researchers and engineers working on the development of next-generation wideband LNAs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100986"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143776921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient voltage-mode all-pass filter design with second-generation voltage conveyor","authors":"Khushbu Bansal,&nbsp;Jitendra Mohan,&nbsp;Bhartendu Chaturvedi","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the growing demand for low-voltage, low-power circuits in modern electronics and communication systems, efficient phase-shifting networks are crucial. This paper presents an efficient voltage-mode first-order all-pass filter that is implemented with a second-generation voltage conveyor as the active building block, along with three passive elements exhibiting acceptable sensitivity. The main contributions involve detailed analyses of non-ideal and parasitic behavior to make the design feasible in real-time applications. To enhance IC fabrication feasibility, metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures take over passive resistors with built-in tunability. The design is verified using Cadence PSPICE simulations using 0.18 µm CMOS process with ± 0.9 V supply voltages, showing close conformity with theoretical predictions. The proposed circuit is further validated using Monte Carlo simulations for the effect of capacitor variations and temperature-induced deviations. Additionally, the viability of the proposed circuit is experimentally verified using AD844 ICs. Though the design presents better performance and tunability, slight variations based on temperature changes may be observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100987"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inverter-based resources dominated grid: Voltage and frequency stability in a weakly interconnected power system","authors":"Ndeye Khady Diop Dieng ,&nbsp;Martin Wolter Prof.Dr.-Ing.habil. ,&nbsp;Lamine Thiaw Professor ,&nbsp;Adamou Ousmane Manga Associate Professor","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2025.100984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As power systems transition toward sustainable generation, the growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBR) poses challenges to secure power system operations, especially in grids with limited capacity. In this study, the large signal stability of the Senegalese transmission network in a condition of inverter-dominated grid is evaluated. Two IBR penetration rate scenarios were investigated: a base case with 57.7 % based on 2021 peak IBR and a second scenario with 66.8 % in DigSILENT PowerFactory. The voltage stability at critical buses and the frequency response of the system were analyzed against the grid code. The system response following a balanced triphase short circuit fault, where the impact of fault-clearing time and reactive power operation mode of PV plants was investigated. The frequency response is assessed following largest power infeed loss by plants technology (IBR or synchronous generator). The results demonstrate that inverter-dominated grid mainly impact frequency stability rather than voltage stability, with the disconnection of weaker PV plants during faults leading to underfrequency load shedding. High IBR penetration primarily resulted in weakening the connection point of the PV electrically distant from conventional power plants during faults. A fault clearing time exceeding the low voltage ride-through of PV plant and the cessation of reactive power injection by PV caused the trip of weaker PV plants. In summary a secure power system operation at 57.7 % and 66.8 % is achievable under the condition that the fault does not result in a generation loss that exceeds 5.2 % of the total dispatched power.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100984"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}