e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy最新文献

{"title":"Off-grid PV/biomass/DG/battery hybrid renewable energy as a source of electricity for a farm facility","authors":"Michael Uzoamaka Emezirinwune ,&nbsp;Isaiah Adediji Adejumobi ,&nbsp;Oluwaseun Ibrahim Adebisi ,&nbsp;Festus Gboyega Akinboro","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reliable, cost-effective energy systems are pivotal for sustainable development in the agricultural sector. Using the energy balance analysis of the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER), this study presents a techno-economic assessment of a hybrid renewable energy system for a farm facility. The energy system components considered in the analysis include solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, diesel generators, biomass, and battery storage. The results shows that ten feasible energy systems can technically power the typical farm facility, with a PV-Biomass-DG battery being the best in terms of the total net present cost. The PV-Biomass-DG-battery systems consist of 561.023 kW of PV, 88 kW of diesel generator, 10 kW of biomass, 81 kW of converter, and 584 batteries operated in a load-following mode. When the cost of energy (COE) of EA1 0.206325 $/kWh is compared to EA7 0.407681 $/kWh, a difference of $0.201356 will be saved for every kWh. Also, a comparison of the operating cost of EA1, $65,713.23 and the operating cost of EA7 $212,027.4 showed a margin of $146,314.17 being saved. Energy systems EA3 and EA4 had the lowest carbon dioxide production levels of 15.8 kg annually, respectively. The simple payback period metrics increased from EA1 to EA6 between 2.97 years to 6.99 years. The result of the study shows that adopting a low-carbon energy transition is technically and economically viable for the agricultural sector, especially in developing countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100808"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on safe reinforcement learning for autonomous vehicle control in dynamic environments","authors":"Rohan Inamdar,&nbsp;S. Kavin Sundarr,&nbsp;Deepen Khandelwal,&nbsp;Varun Dev Sahu,&nbsp;Nitish Katal","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To operate safely in a dynamic environment, autonomous vehicles must possess the same level of predictive driving abilities as human drivers and must be capable of anticipating the future actions of other dynamic objects in the environment, especially those of neighboring vehicles. The development of safe autonomous vehicles (AVs) poses a challenging task as it requires algorithms that can make real-time decisions in unpredictable circumstances. Reinforcement learning (RL) presents a promising approach for AV control, as it utilizes trial and error to enable optimal decision-making. However, traditional RL algorithms are unsuitable for safety-critical applications, as they may explore unsafe actions, potentially resulting in accidents. Safe reinforcement learning (SRL) algorithms have been developed to address this issue, prioritizing safe and reliable decisions. These algorithms incorporate constraints to prevent unsafe actions or utilize techniques to estimate action risk and avoid actions deemed excessively risky. Despite computational challenges, SRL holds significant promise for AV control, and is likely to play a crucial role in developing safe and reliable systems. SRL methods are critical for the general adoption of autonomous vehicles by guaranteeing their safety and reliability. These algorithms utilize methods like uncertainty and risk estimation along with penalty functions, to avoid excessively risky actions and have the potential to significantly reduce accidents and build public trust in autonomous driving. However, there are challenges that need to be addressed, such as the dynamic nature of real-world traffic, high computational costs, and the diversity of road design; and these varying conditions make the designing, testing, and validating of SRL algorithms difficult. Despite these challenges, SRL presents a promising solution, through integrating new sensing technologies and machine learning techniques, to develop safe, efficient, and environmentally friendly transportation systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100810"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142444831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on modulation techniques of Quasi-Z-source inverter for grid-connected photovoltaic systems","authors":"Bikash Gyawali ,&nbsp;Aidha Muhammad Ajmal ,&nbsp;Wenjie Liu ,&nbsp;Yongheng Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic (PV) is a promising way to meet the increasing global energy demand due to its sustainability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. For the wide-scale adoption of PV systems, converters with reliable input sources, stable control strategies and appropriate modulation techniques must be designed. In the literature, various modulation techniques have been developed that help to boost the voltage of the PV modules by implementing shoot-through (ST) in which the upper and lower switches of an inverter conduct simultaneously and short-circuit occurs. Various optimised modulation techniques have been implemented to enhance its performance. Among those, the quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI) has attracted much attention due to its ability to achieve higher conversion ratios for grid-connected PV applications. In this paper, a detailed comparison of the modulation schemes for the qZSI PV systems has been done to understand the trade-off and select the most suitable approach. Upon the selection of the space vector modulation with unique switching sequences and rearranging upper ST and lower ST states, the inverter can achieve ST with reduced switching losses. Furthermore, a 600 VA three-phase grid-connected system utilizing a three-level neutral-point-clamped qZSI topology is modulated and simulated. It has been demonstrated that the constant boost control offers good performance in terms of reduced voltage stresses on switches, lower total harmonic distortion, and hence, higher efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of a low-cost current perturbation-based improved PO MPPT approach using Arduino board for photovoltaic systems","authors":"Abdelkhalek Chellakhi ,&nbsp;Said El Beid ,&nbsp;Mouncef El Marghichi ,&nbsp;El Mahdi Bouabdalli ,&nbsp;Ambe Harrison ,&nbsp;Hassan Abouobaida","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In photovoltaic (PV) systems, the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy by the PV module is influenced by various factors, including sunlight intensity and temperature. To achieve optimal performance, it is crucial to accurately track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV module. Among the numerous MPP tracking (MPPT) techniques that have been developed, the perturbation and observation (PO) method has gained significant attention due to its simplicity and reliability. However, the fixed perturbation step size used in the traditional PO algorithm can result in poor tracking capability, excessive ripple, and drift, leading to high power loss and low tracking efficiency. To address these limitations, this paper proposes an improved version of the PO strategy that introduces an adaptable step-magnitude mechanism, utilizing current perturbation instead of the voltage perturbation typically employed in the classical PO method. This enhanced indirect PO approach maintains low complexity and can be easily implemented on a cost-effective Arduino Uno board. A streamlined C++ code integrates the improved PO MPPT strategy with a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller, eliminating the need for separate PID blocks and further reducing system complexity. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed technique, comparative analyses are conducted against the traditional PO algorithm, particle swarm optimization (PSO), fuzzy logic control (FLC), and a recently introduced approach, the zone voltage (ZV) method. Simulation results using Proteus software demonstrate that the improved PO approach outperforms the other techniques in various aspects, including achieving the highest static and dynamic tracking efficiencies of 99.38% and 99.88%, respectively, negligible power loss and fluctuations, the fastest convergence speed, and the shortest tracking time of 0.19 seconds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100807"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence computational techniques of flywheel energy storage systems integrated with green energy: A comprehensive review","authors":"Abdelmonem Draz ,&nbsp;Hossam Ashraf ,&nbsp;Peter Makeen","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the operation of the electric power grid has become more efficient and resilient due to the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs). Solar and wind energy are being incorporated aggressively into the main grid, while other RESs like biomass and geothermal energy are also on the rise. However, the intermittent nature of these RESs necessitates the use of energy storage devices (ESDs) as a backup for electricity generation such as batteries, supercapacitors, and flywheel energy storage systems (FESS). This paper provides a thorough review of the standardization, market applications, and grid integration of FESS. It examines the components of FESS, including the electric motor/generator set, power converters, bearings, and control techniques. The paper also highlights the application of modern artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies in optimizing FESS operations, referencing over 240 recent publications in reputable journals. Metaheuristic optimizers, machine learning techniques, and well-matures software's are the main AI aspects discussed in this paper. Additionally, it explores the use of FESS in commercial sectors such as marine, space, and transportation, and its integration with RESs for participating in green energy. Finally, the paper emphasizes the role of AI in enhancing the synergy between FESS and RESs to contribute to a more sustainable and secure energy future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142438348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimization of HESS control for optimal frequency regulation in a power system with RE penetration","authors":"Ousama M.T. Ajami ,&nbsp;Rodney H.G. Tan ,&nbsp;Mithulan Nadarajah ,&nbsp;Farah Adilah Jamaludin ,&nbsp;Adlan Bagus Pradana","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100805","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100805","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Concerns over fossil fuel emissions and their hazardous effects have led to a shift away from conventional power plants and focus more on the expansion of renewable energy sources. This shift has resulted in reduced inertia and resulted in poor frequency control within electrical power systems. Hybrid Energy Storage Systems (HESS) have been proposed as an effective solution to enhance frequency stability and address the reduced inertia issue. This research evaluates three distinct control models for HESS, Incorporating Supercapacitor Energy Storage (SCES) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). To optimize the control parameters with the best objectives, all possible sets of objectives with four different optimization algorithms are studied. The three control models considered for the HESS incorporate Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) or Virtual Inertia (VI) control with independent or simultaneous optimization of control parameters. The performances of the three control models are evaluated based on three test scenarios incorporating uncertainties, reduced inertia, and uniform and random load disturbances. The findings indicate that the Independently Optimized Virtual Synchronous Generator HESS (IO VSG-HESS) achieves the best settling time post-contingency but offers the least improvement in frequency nadir with an average of 0.31 %. Conversely, the Simultaneously Optimized Virtual Inertia And Virtual Synchronous Generator Controlled HESS (SO VI-VSG-HESS) excel in mitigating small frequency fluctuations with an average improvement in frequency standard deviation of 87.65 %. The Simultaneously Optimized Virtual Synchronous Generator Controlled HESS (SO VSG-HESS) provides the best frequency nadir, with an average improvement of 0.63 %, but with a slight increase in settling time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100805"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photo-voltaic system with battery employing parallel converters operation for charging stations and distributed loads amidst anomalous grid","authors":"Kripa Tiwari,&nbsp;Bhim Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, solar photovoltaic array-based generation unit is connected to non-ideal distribution network and powering plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging infrastructure and other local loads connected to AC common bus while ensuring reliable operation of parallel connected voltage source converters under dynamics. A photovoltaic array connected via voltage source inverter, which feeds power to loads and battery is used to act as power management entity and provides reactive power and harmonic power support via converter. In context of widespread incorporation of PEVs and renewable energy sources (RES) into grid, inherent intermittency and dynamic behavior pose significant challenges in establishing a resilient and flexible control framework. Consequently, a solution is proposed that employs dual low pass filter integrated along an adaptive noise elimination filtering algorithm, serving as a primary processing stage. Additionally, integrator-based frequency locked loop control strategy is implemented in conjunction to mitigate power quality concerns, regulate voltage levels, and correct power factor discrepancies. Furthermore, system ensures continuous operation, providing uninterrupted power to local loads even during fluctuating conditions while simultaneously functioning as a seamless PEV charging station. Additionally, a comparative analysis of controller performance is summarized in a tabular format, alongside a power quality assessment. The analysis includes the evaluation of total harmonic distortion (THD) for both grid currents and grid voltages, which are measured at 2.36 % and 3.60 %, respectively. These values are well within the limits established by IEEE 519 standard, demonstrating compliance with the required power quality criteria. This RES based charging structure topology is tested using a hardware prototype under dynamics and impactful performance is observed through obtained results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrification of Transportation: Policy Framework, Technical Aspects and Challenges in Pakistan - A Case Study","authors":"Arsalan Masood ,&nbsp;Syed Zulqadar Hassan ,&nbsp;Tariq Kamal ,&nbsp;Salman Khan ,&nbsp;Syed Asad Abbas Rizvi ,&nbsp;Salman Salman","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pakistan faces severe air pollution and high dependency on imported fossil fuels for transportation, urgently needing solutions. Electrification of transportation could address these issues, but Pakistan lacks a clear roadmap for adopting electric vehicles. This paper examines the electrification of transportation in Pakistan, focusing on policies, technical aspects, and standards. It looks at best practices from developed countries and discusses incentives offered by the Pakistani government to boost electric vehicle adoption. The study also explores challenges and opportunities in adopting electric vehicles within existing power systems. A SWOT analysis is included, highlighting strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to electric vehicle policies and market integration in Pakistan. By reviewing these factors, the paper provides insights into the obstacles and potential benefits of electric vehicle adoption. It also suggests ways for developing nations like Pakistan to encourage widespread use of electric vehicles, aiming to reduce fossil fuel dependency and meet environmental goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100803"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient energy management and cost optimization using multi-objective grey wolf optimization for EV charging/discharging in microgrid","authors":"Swati Sharma,&nbsp;Ikbal Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100804","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The depletion of conventional energy sources coupled with the rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) has significantly underscored the necessity for electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) with advanced energy supply management within microgrids. Effective energy management of EVs and EVSEs is imperative to satisfy EV owners and stabilize microgrids. This paper introduces multi-objective grey wolf optimization (MOGWO) to optimize EVSE and EV charging costs. MOGWO achieves substantial cost savings through dynamic pricing based on time of day, state-of-charge and hour-based scheduling which promotes off-peak charging thereby enhancing system efficiency and reducing costs. The algorithm also provides flexibility for trip interruptions and outperforms other optimization algorithms in minimizing EV charging/discharging costs by achieving reductions of up to ₹488 and obtaining average grid efficiency up to 76.41 % during charging and 87.41 % during discharging. Integrating Vehicle-to-Grid and Grid-to-Vehicle systems enhances microgrid resilience and delivers economic benefits to EV owners. The cost optimization for EV charging/discharging has been executed using MATLAB 2023a software to determine the most cost-effective charging paths by considering energy availability and grid conditions. The evolving sustainable energy landscape combined with MOGWO paves the way for smarter and more resilient microgrids in the era of electrified transportation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100804"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of shear horizontal one port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator for optimal liquid sensing based on finite element method","authors":"Yih Bing Chu","doi":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prime.2024.100799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the numerical study using finite element method for optimal liquid sensing performance of one port surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator. Simulation shows that the extend of IDT-reflector gap can be optimized to contain most of the piezoelectric displacement. Various settings of liquid placement on the mentioned region yield distinct resonant frequency responses of the SAW sensor. For concentrated liquid with higher order of viscosity, magnitude of S-Parameter and phase of the propagating SAW can be applied to sense the liquid solutions. Based on the results, optimal liquid sensing performance of the device can be achieved when liquid droplet sized about 10 % of the aperture is placed in the middle position of the IDT-reflector gap conditioned at 1.5 λ. Using the formulated strategy, the one port SAW device distinguishes well 0 % to 100 % glycerine concentrations compared to limited detection range reported in the previous study. The finding includes equation of liquid turnover viscosity before shift in direction of the changes in S-Parameter measurement. The derived parameters can be set as reference to design the microfludic cell or lab-on-chip based on the one port SAW configuration for optimized liquid sensing performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100488,"journal":{"name":"e-Prime - Advances in Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Energy","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142428704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}