Electric motor modeling, analysis, and design for E-mobility applications: A state of the art

The transportation sector has steadily shifted towards Electro-Mobility (E-Mobility) to achieve net-zero carbon emissions. One of the most important components of E-mobility is the electric motor, which must be designed for high torque, a wide speed range, and high efficiency at all speeds. Hence, significant research has been conducted on modeling, analyzing, and designing various electric motors like Brushless DC Motors (BLDCM), Induction Motors (IM), Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM), Switched Reluctance Motors (SRM), and Synchronous Reluctance Motors (SynRM) and Permanent Magnet Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Motors (PMaSynRM) for E-mobility applications. These motors face several challenges in modeling, analyzing, and designing, such as handling nonlinearity, accurate thermal modeling, and selecting suitable tools/materials. Also, new motors like Permanent Magnet Synchronous Reluctance Motors (PMSynRM) have been introduced by different EV manufacturers. Hardly any research or reviews are available for dynamic modeling, performance analysis, and design optimization of PMSynRM. Accurate dynamic modeling, performance analysis, and design optimization can support industry and academia in developing improved motor modeling and designs. There is little attention paid to research reviews in the above areas. Therefore, this paper provides a detailed review of the modeling, analysis, and design of various motors, including new motors used in E-mobility applications. Furthermore, this review investigates the research challenges and future scopes in modeling, analyzing, and designing. Also, various motors are compared in terms of speed, torque, torque ripple, efficiency, weight, and cost. The review concludes that identified research challenges should be immediately addressed to achieve targeted net-zero goals.