Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Neonicotinoids and their metabolites in vegetables and fruits in Shenzhen: Human exposure and health risks","authors":"Xulong Chen ,&nbsp;Chengwen Liu ,&nbsp;Yan Ouyang ,&nbsp;Minhua Yu ,&nbsp;Leyi Chen ,&nbsp;Jiayi Liu ,&nbsp;Bingyi Fu ,&nbsp;Jiajun Cao ,&nbsp;Fu Wang ,&nbsp;Liping Sun ,&nbsp;Shaoyou Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are widely present in vegetables and fruits, and their metabolic processes result in the presence of metabolites (m-NEOs) in vegetables and fruits as well. The toxicity of m-NEOs to the human body is comparable to or even greater than of the parent neonicotinoids (p-NEOs). However, research on m-NEOs in vegetables and fruits remains limited. Herein, we analyzed 8 NEOs and 7 m-NEOs in 490 vegetable samples and 149 fruit samples gathered from Shenzhen, China. Then we calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI), as well as the hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) for both children and adults in order to evaluate the potential health risks. Thiamethoxam (THM) and imidacloprid (IMI) were the most frequently detected NEOs in vegetables (70.6 %) and fruits (68.5 %), respectively, with THM exhibiting the highest average concentration (37.52 μg/kg) in vegetables and clothianidin (CLO) showing the highest average concentration (9.55 μg/kg) in fruits. Further analysis revealed that the concentrations of m-NEOs in vegetables and fruits were lower than those of NEOs. However, significant positive correlations (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) were observed between m-NEOs and their respective p-NEOs, probably as a result of the conversion of p-NEOs through metabolism in both vegetables and fruits. Cumulative risk assessment indicated that the median HI values for both children and adults were generally below the safety threshold (4.92 × 10⁻⁴ to 3.02 × 10⁻³), but maximum HI values associated with vegetable consumption exceeded the acceptable daily intake for both children and adults. While the HI values in vegetables and fruits mainly primarily stemmed from NEOs, the potential health risks posed by m-NEOs warrant ongoing assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 417-428"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of high-precision scale dispersant concentrations on microbial community and new implications for dispersant application after marine oil spills","authors":"Ranran Dong ,&nbsp;Xianghui Kong ,&nbsp;Haoshuai Li ,&nbsp;Peiyan Sun ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Mutai Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The usage of dispersant presents a difficult choice: the uncertainty of beneficial biodegradation of spilled oil against what could be a greater environmental impact from the finely dispersed oil. Here, we evaluated the effect of dispersant on the microbial community at a high-precision concentration (0.1–20 % (v/v), 10 gradients) to elucidate the uncertainty of beneficial biodegradation and proposed the associated mechanism. Results at the phylum, class, and genus level revealed no significant changes in microbial diversity and structure at low-concentration dispersants (0.1–3 %), but significant changes at high-concentration dispersants (5–20 %). For beneficial biodegradation, 4 oil-degrading bacteria and 3 non-oil-degrading bacteria exhibited strong positive (R² &gt; 0.72) and negative (R² &gt; 0.73) correlations at 0.1–3 % low-concentrations. More importantly, oil-degrading bacteria abundance exceeded 75.9 % in the total abundance proportion (70.1 %) of them. This indicated low-concentration dispersants can promote biodegradation. In the high-concentrations, similar but opposite results were shown. Therefore, dispersant concentration dominates biodegradation of spilled oil. Finally, we proposed the associated “bacterial peaking” mechanism and clarified that biodegradation increases under the drive of the affected bacteria and reach a peak at low-concentration dispersants, but decline rapidly at high-concentrations. This study provided a new insight to understand the usage of dispersant on biodegradation of spilled oil in the sea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 591-600"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil contamination and transfer dynamics of trace metals to plants and snails in a large urban dumpsite in Northwest Morocco","authors":"Abdellali Benhamdoun ,&nbsp;Hafid Achtak ,&nbsp;Abdelhakim Lahjouj ,&nbsp;Mohamed Techetach ,&nbsp;Abdallah Dahbi","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil contamination by trace metals (TMs) has long been a major environmental issue, posing serious threats to ecosystems and human beings. This study aims to evaluate the contamination levels of soils, plants (<em>Malva sylvestris</em> and <em>Nicotiana glauca</em>), and snails (<em>Otala</em> spp. and <em>Theba pisana</em>) by Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, and Zn at a large urban dumpsite in Northwest Morocco, as well as to explore the transfer dynamics of these TMs through these dumpsite components. The results revealed high average contents of the TMs in the dumpsite soil, reaching 7.76, 38.91, 29.76, 136.77, and 477.78 mg/kg for Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, and Zn, respectively, thus exceeding the corresponding FAO and WHO limits. Plants, particularly <em>Malva sylvestris</em>, showed high average Zn and Cu contents of 398.43 and 64.22 mg/kg (d.w.), respectively. Although <em>Malva sylvestris</em> and <em>Nicotiana glauca</em> are not TMs accumulator species, they translocated these TMs from the soils to their aerial parts, demonstrating their adaptability to polluted environments. Meanwhile, snail species inhabiting the dumpsite accumulated high TM levels, reaching up to 18.32 and 23.02 mg/kg (d.w.) for Cd and Cr, respectively in <em>Otala</em> spp. Although the snail species were TMs macroconcentrators, they maintained normal functions, further demonstrating their resilience in heavily TMs-contaminated environments. According to multiple linear regression (MLR) results, TM contents in the snail soft tissues were explained mainly by the TM contents in the <em>Malva sylvestris</em> leaves rather than those in the soils. These findings highlight the complex dynamics of TMs transfer within dumpsite systems and raise the urgent need for effective waste management strategies to mitigate the environmental and health risks associated with TM pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 601-613"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143705421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring sustainable strategies for mitigating microplastic contamination in soil, water, and the food chain: A comprehensive analysis","authors":"Udaratta Bhattacharjee ,&nbsp;Kamal Narayan Baruah ,&nbsp;Maulin P. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the origins, distribution, and composition of microplastics (MPs) from their primary sources such as synthetic textiles, packaging, industrial effluents and adopting appropriate mitigation strategies is a challenging task. Annually, hundreds of millions of tonnes of plastic are produced for various societal applications, with a portion inevitably making its way into the environment and the food chain. MPs primarily from fibre, fragments and beads, accumulates in urban and agricultural zones where they can disrupt local food chains. This can happen through ingestion by smaller organisms, which are then consumed by larger predators, thereby introducing contaminants in the food web. Although much of the research on MPs has concentrated on marine environments, there remains a substantial lack of understanding soil and terrestrial ecosystems, which also serve as important sources and transport pathways by wind, water currents, and human activities for plastics entering the water bodies. In soil environments, the diverse physical and chemical properties of various soil types can complicate the detection and quantification of MPs. In this regard, techniques such as spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography–mass spectrometry are used. Additionally, the interactions between MPs and soil microorganisms can influence their behaviour and consequence, making it difficult to predict their ecological impacts. Nevertheless, varying environmental conditions, such as temperature and salinity, can affect the degradation and accumulation of MPs, adding another layer of complexity in the marine environments. This review provides a comprehensive overview of microplastic pollution, highlighting its widespread impact on soil ecosystems, marine environment and food chain. Further, the article suggests a cost effective, efficient, and sustainable strategy to intercept MPs infiltration in the food chain and establish practical data applicability in real-life scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 453-461"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143474459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Canna indica and Acorus calamus for surfactant removal in biochar augmented constructed wetlands","authors":"Swati Singh ,&nbsp;Sunil Kumar Suman ,&nbsp;Kasturi Dutta ,&nbsp;Achlesh Daverey","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surfactants get discharged indiscriminately in wastewater which increased several fold during COVID-19, raising environmental concerns. In this study, two locally available plant species <em>Canna indica</em> and <em>Acorus calamus</em> were compared for the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, − a chemical surfactant) removal in vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) augmented with biochar. The dose-response relationship was studied for 144 days in four phases by varying the SDS concentration at 10, 25, 50, and 100 ppm in wastewater. The mean SDS removal efficiencies varied from 85 % - 98 % during the different phases. The results suggested that planted artificial wetlands acted more stable than unplanted ones, although the removal efficiencies of the planted and unplanted were found similar (97.9 % - 98.4 %) in phase 4. Further, GC–MS analysis confirmed C₂ products formed during SDS degradation indicating mineralization of SDS. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) studies revealed no accumulation of SDS in the roots of both plants as BCF _(root) &lt; 1 whereas, the aerial part of <em>C. indica</em> showed bioaccumulation of SDS with BCF _(aerial) values nearly 1. TF for SDS was &gt;1 in the case of both plants, among which translocation of SDS in <em>C. indica</em> with biochar amendment (TF = 17.8) was found to be highest. TF values indicated that biochar may have supported the uptake and translocation of SDS in <em>C. indica</em> whereas biochar has not supported the pollutant transfer in <em>A. calamus</em>. In terms of plant health, <em>C. indica</em> showed better growth and higher biomass increase than the <em>A. calamus</em>. The results implicate that <em>C. indica</em> with biochar-amended CW systems has great potential and can be recommended for efficient removal and uptake of SDS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 130-140"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of nitrifying bacteria and exploring a novel approach for toxicity monitoring in water","authors":"Suleman Shahzad ,&nbsp;Syed Ejaz Hussain Mehdi ,&nbsp;Aparna Sharma ,&nbsp;Fida Hussain ,&nbsp;Anup Gurung ,&nbsp;Woochang Kang ,&nbsp;Min Jang ,&nbsp;Sang Eun Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel methodology has been developed to detect toxicity by harnessing the capabilities of nitrifying bacteria, ensuring the accurate identification of harmful chemicals in water. This innovative method leverages the inherent ability of bacteria to convert ammonia into nitrite and nitrate through oxidation, as demonstrated by the chemical reactions: 2 NH₄⁺ + 3 O₂ → 2 NO₂⁻ + 2 H₂O + 4H⁺ and 2 NO₂⁻ + O₂ → 2 NO₃⁻. Increased oxygen consumption and reduced pH levels are outcomes of the oxidation process, which are essential parameters in our evaluation of nitrifying bacteria toxicity using the test kit. The validation of the methodology was confirmed by conducting accurate measurements of oxygen consumption and pH fluctuations. Upon exposure to an experimental setting with a concentration of 100 mg/L of ammonia, it was noted that the oxygen consumption rate was around 3.2 mL. The presence of hexavalent chromium (Cr⁶⁺) and other metals have been shown to impede the process of nitrification, leading to lower oxygen consumption and a subsequent drop in pH levels. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were effectively isolated from a nitrifying bacteria master culture reactor. The metagenomics analysis indicated that the major isolated strains possess a sequence similarity of 99 % and 100 % with <em>Nitrosomonas europaea</em> and <em>Nitrobacter winogradskyi</em>, respectively. With its high sensitivity and cost-effectiveness, our nitrifying bacteria test kit is well-suited for the monitoring of toxic chemicals in water, making it an ideal tool for this purpose. This bioassay testing kit represents a notable progression in environmental protection, offering a strong and effective method for promptly identifying water pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 106-116"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142698830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Origin of biomarkers (PAH, n-alkane, hopane, estrane) in different colors of plastic resin pellets and surface sediments from coastal area of the Makuran-Oman Sea","authors":"Mozhdeh Malekolkalami,&nbsp;Alireza Riyahi Bakhtiari,&nbsp;Mohsen Mirzai,&nbsp;Rahil Nozarpour","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The unique attributes of the study area, situated near the Strait of Hormuz—an extensively utilized oil shipping corridor for Iran and neighboring Arabian nations—encompass oil extraction and exploitation, the establishment of an oil export hub, the advancement of petrochemical industries, as well as tourism and transportation activities. This research represents the first examination of the sources of plastic resin pellet release, addressing both local and non-local contributions. To conduct this study, samples of plastic resin pellet and coastal and intertidal surface sediments were collected from seven stations on the shores of the Oman Sea in Hormozgan province (Sirik, Garook, Ziarat, Karpan, Koohestak, Gohardo, and Kargan) with four replications to determine the origin and spatial distribution pattern of hydrocarbons and the diffusion source of plastic resin pellets (offshore or regional). Plastic resin pellets were separated based on color (white, yellow, brown, and black). Soxhlet was used to extract hydrocarbons, two stages of column chromatography were used to separate compounds, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used to identify and determine their concentration. The total n-alkanes concentration ranged from 2940 to 18,711 (μg/g) in coastal surface sediments, from 19,721–1678 (μg/g) in intertidal surface sediments, and from 11,481.50 to 55,601.41 (μg/g) in plastic resin pellets. A similar trend was found for the total PAH concentration which ranged from 135.57 to 3890.62 (ng/g) in coastal sediments, from 1820.28 to 6579.55 (ng/g) in intertidal sediments, and from 3714.19 to 66/1920451 (ng/g) in plastic resin pellets. According to the sediment pollution criteria, a high pollution level was assessed in most of the stations. In most of the surface sediments and plastic resin pellets, the presence of unresolved complex mixture (UCM), the carbon preference index (CPI) lower than 1, and the diagnostic ratios of PAH, hopane, and sterane compounds indicated petrogenic origin for hydrocarbons. The results of principal component analysis based on 16 diagnostic ratios of PAH, <em>n</em>-alkane, hopane, and sterane compounds showed that brown and black plastic resin pellets were placed in a different group than the coastal and intertidal sediments and white and yellow plastic resin pellets. Most likely, the diffusion source of brown and black plastic resin pellets is different and through open water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 117-129"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perinatal exposure to PBDE-47 decreases brain glucose metabolism in male adult rats: Associations with shifts in triiodothyronine and neurobehavior","authors":"Qian Sun ,&nbsp;Hui Gao ,&nbsp;Pei Li ,&nbsp;Luming Liu ,&nbsp;Chen Luo ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Aiguo Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Xia ,&nbsp;Shun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The brominated flame retardant 2, 2′, 4, 4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47) is well known as a developmental neurotoxicant, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that brain glucose metabolism perturbation plays a role in neural impairments. Nevertheless, whether this disturbance is involved in PBDE-47-induced neurotoxicity remains unknown.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To explore the impacts of perinatal PBDE-47 exposure on brain glucose metabolism, and its link to thyroid hormones (THs) levels as well as neurobehavioral changes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Female Sprague-Dawley rats were orally exposed to PBDE-47 at environmentally relevant levels (0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 mg/kg bw) from pre-pregnancy through weaning of offspring. The male offspring were continued to raise to 88 days after birth for follow-up experiments. Morris water maze and Open field tests were performed to assess the neurobehavioral alterations. The brain glucose metabolism was evaluated using ¹⁸F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography. Serum THs levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Perinatal exposure to PBDE-47 induced neurobehavioral impairments in adult male rats as evidenced by learning and memory impairments, hyperactivity and anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, positron emission tomography showed that the glucose metabolism in the whole and the specific brain regions were markedly declined. Interestingly, variations in brain glucose metabolism were associated with the increased serum triiodothyronine (T₃) levels, and both were linked to neurobehavioral disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Exposure to environmentally related levels of PBDE-47 at critical developmental stages lowers glucose metabolism in the whole brain and in various brain regions, which is associated with behavioral and cognitive deficits in adult male rats. Moreover, the association may be influenced by the disturbance of T₃ homeostasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 84-96"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with mortality and effect modification by folate biomarkers in a prospective population","authors":"Siyu Duan ,&nbsp;Kairong Wang ,&nbsp;Chenming Gu ,&nbsp;Junmin Zhu ,&nbsp;Yafei Wu ,&nbsp;Ya Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The associations of folate biomarkers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the general population remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether folate biomarkers are associated with PAHs, and whether folate biomarkers can mitigate adverse health outcome caused by PAHs. This prospective cohort study included 11,246 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which documented 1,303 deaths over a mean follow-up of 9.1 years. Multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between urinary individual PAHs and folate biomarkers. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95 % CIs for the associations of PAHs and folate biomarkers with CVDs mortality and all-cause mortality. We found negative associations between folate in red blood cells (RBC) and urinary 1-Hydroxyphenanthrene (percentage change for a 2·7 fold-increase in folate −4.19 %, 95 % CI -5.80 % to −2.56 %CI), 2-Hydroxyfluorene (−6.66 %, −7.84 % to −5.49 %), 3-Hydroxyfluorene (−5.78 %, −6.77 % to −4.78 %)) and 1-Hydroxynapthalene (−2.75 %, −3.48 % to −2.01 %). The associations between serum folate and PAHs were consistent with those observed for RBC folate, and negative associations were also found between serum folate and 2-Hydroxynapthalene (−4.10 %, −5.26 % to −2.94 %). Within the lowest quartile of folate levels in RBC, there are strong associations of 2-Hydroxyfluorene, 3-Hydroxyfluorene, 1-Hydroxynapthalene, and 2-Hydroxynapthalene with elevated risk of CVDs mortality [HRs (95 % CI) &gt;1]. As folate levels in RBC increase to the third and fourth quartiles, these associations no longer exist [HRs (95 % CI) &lt;1, <em>P</em>-interaction&lt;0.05]. The positive associations between urinary PAHs and CVDs mortality are also eliminated as serum folate levels rise [HRs (95 % CI) &lt;1, <em>P</em>-interaction&lt;0.05]. Furthermore, we also found higher levels of folate in both RBC and serum can greatly reduce the adverse impact of 1-Hydroxynapthalene on all-cause mortality. Consistent results were also validated in daily dietary folate and the folic acid supplement intake. Our study highlighted a robust negative relationship between urinary PAHs and folate. Additionally, folate was found to effectively mitigate mortality caused by PAHs, although we did not observe a direct reduction in mortality attributable to folate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 97-105"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The plastisphere ecology: Assessing the impact of different pollution sources on microbial community composition, function and assembly in aquatic ecosystems","authors":"Muneer Ahmad Malla ,&nbsp;N.L. Malambule ,&nbsp;Isaac D. Amoah ,&nbsp;Jonathan Featherston ,&nbsp;Arshad Ismail ,&nbsp;Faizal Bux ,&nbsp;Sheena Kumari","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In aquatic ecosystems microplastics (MPs) provide new habitat for microbes, forming the plastisphere. While, the effect of different pollution sources on microbiome compositions, functions and assembly processes remains largely cryptic, and hence requires further investigation. Thus, in this study microplastic and surrounding water samples were collected from four different locations and performed meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of different pollution sources on microbial community composition, function and assembly in plastisphere and surrounding environment. Results demonstrated that pollution source had a significant effect on microbial diversity (<em>p</em> = 0.0012) and composition (PERMANOVA <em>F =</em> 16.386; <em>R</em>^<em>2</em> = 0.15, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) in surface water and plastisphere. Specifically, plastisphere harboured distinct microbial community and recruited unique taxa compared to surface water, suggesting that microplastics serve as new ecological habitats. We observed a clear shift in microbial community composition, with Bacteroidetes being significantly higher in surface water significantly, whereas α- and β-Proteobacteria dominated the plastic surface (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). These change in microbial communities were more likely due to unique chemical properties and substrates enrichment on plastic surfaces and different pollution sources. Genes involved in metabolism, signaling, cell motility, vesicular transport energy production and defence were significantly enriched in plastisphere (<em>p</em> = 0.001). The environmental factors such as DO and salinity drive the microbial communities in plastisphere. Niche-based selection process govern assembly in plastisphere microbiome, while as stochastic processes dominated the assembly process in aquatic microbial communities. These finding suggest that trajectory, continued microplastic emission and transport in aquatic ecosystems could pose serious planetary and health issues.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"7 ","pages":"Pages 75-83"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}