Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Biochar and Iron oxide nanoparticle-impregnated alginate beads as adsorbents for enhanced ex situ bioremediation of petroleum-contaminated freshwater","authors":"Anwuli U. Osadebe ,&nbsp;Chimezie J. Ogugbue ,&nbsp;Gideon C. Okpokwasili","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nutrient washout remains a key drawback of nutrient supplementation during bioremediation interventions in aquatic systems. This study assessed the adsorption and controlled release properties of biochar‑iron oxide nanoparticle (IONPs) beads laden with bacteria and nutrients for treatment of petroleum spills in freshwater ecosystems in a bid to counter the challenge of nutrient washout. The IONPs synthesised from phytoextracts were decorated on biochar made from cow bones at 500 °C. The composite produced was embedded in an alginate matrix with degradative bacteria and inorganic nutrients via physical crosslinking. Swelling indices revealed better release properties for the monoammonium phosphate nutrients with the beads that had the biochar‑iron oxide nanocomposite incorporated (BCNP). The 15-min swelling indices (SI₁₅) for the beads ranged from 0.13 to 2.00. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that adsorption was physical in nature and higher at lower adsorbate concentrations with significant differences (<em>p</em> ≤ 0.05) between the three groups of adsorbents. The BCNP bead showed the greatest sorption levels (71.69%) compared to the plain biochar beads (57.83%) and the biochar powder (46.12%). Based on the adsorption parameters obtained, it was concluded that the adsorption data were more suited to the Freundlich isotherm model and the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The study developed a slow-release nanocomposite that could counter the challenge of nutrient washout associated with bioremediation in aquatic ecosystems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259018262400002X/pdfft?md5=a9ee5e4bb6089f9204d1f10803ade3ca&pid=1-s2.0-S259018262400002X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139633383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels, distribution, origins, and human health risk evaluation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater around a petroleum depot wastewater discharge point","authors":"S.A. Ganiyu ,&nbsp;A.E. Komolafe ,&nbsp;K.A. Basheeru ,&nbsp;R.A. Lasisi ,&nbsp;A.A. Adeyemi","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is an attempt to assess the influence of the oil storage depot discharges on proximate water sources in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. Fifteen priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were examined in a total of 15 water samples (10 groundwater +4 surface water samples) utilizing gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, after extraction of the waters with dichloromethane and clean-up of the extracts. Results revealed that values of overall PAHs in groundwater (GW) and surface water (SW) varied from 0.01 to 3.45 mg/L (mean = 0.42 mg/L) and 0.01 to 0.09 mg/L (mean = 0.05 mg/L), correspondingly. The highest value of ∑15 PAHs (3.45 mg/L) was observed at 24 m to the discharge point. The ring wise distribution pattern of the PAHs in collected water samples follows the order: 2–3 rings &gt;5–6 rings &gt;4 – ring PAHs and low molecular weight (LMW) PAHs accounted for 90.73% relative to HMW (9.27%) in groundwater samples. The diagnostic ratios suggested that the PAHs pollution in water were likely from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, vehicle emissions and released petroleum effluents from nearby depot. The concentration of carcinogenic PAHs in GW and SW ranged from <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>to <span><math><mn>9</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> mg/L and <span><math><mn>1</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>to <span><math><mn>7</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> mg/L, correspondingly, which highlights possible human health risks. The values of hazard index (HI) for the studied samples via the oral ingestion and dermal exposure pathways are less than unity, suggesting no adverse non-carcinogenic health effects. The calculated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for adults and children are in the 10⁻²–10⁻³ range, implying noteworthy possible carcinogenic health effects to human beings, with children being the most susceptible. Correspondingly, dibenzo [a, h] anthracence (DahA) and Benzo [a] pyrene (BaP) were established to be of greater carcinogenic threats in the waters taken from the study location. The study advocates complete discontinuance of discharge release into the neighboring environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 303-314"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000250/pdfft?md5=9765d6e97610c309817471801f9475c5&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000250-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141713324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The immobilization and adsorption mechanisms of agro-waste based biochar: A review on the effectiveness of pyrolytic temperatures on heavy metal removal","authors":"Obey Gotore ,&nbsp;Tirivashe Philip Masere ,&nbsp;Macdonald Tatenda Muronda","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The multifunctional properties of biochar make it a promising adsorbent of heavy metals for environmental bioremediation. Pyrolytic temperature is a key factor that impacts the properties, performance, and mechanisms of agro-wastes-derived biochar because of the physiochemical transformation of its structural composition. It has been deliberated that increased pyrolysis temperatures strongly enhance specific surface area, pH, and high microporosity as well as carbon and ash content with low cation exchange capacity and volatiles content. The reason for different properties from different pyrolysis is related to the variations in the lignin-cellulose structures as well as moistures in different agro-waste biomasses. Biochar has been considered a low-cost material that has shown its convenient applicability in rural areas of developing countries where environmental contamination of heavy metals is emerging. A wide range of pyrolytic temperatures has shown distinctive properties and characteristics of biochar from different biomass and their capacities to remove heavy metals. Higher pyrolysis temperatures can exhibit higher specific surface areas, enhanced functional groups, and stability than modified biochar. Different pyrolysis temperatures exhibited diverse adsorption capacities on biomass such as rice husk and corncob, as efficiency increases with temperatures on selective heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)], cadmium [Cd(II)] and zinc [Zn(II)]. This review aimed to understand the physiochemical and structural properties, and the transformation of pristine biochar that can enhance the environmental bioremediation of heavy metals. The deliberations on the mechanisms of diverse biomasses obtained from different pyrolysis for decision-making processes as well as production costs were reviewed. The authors propose future investigations on heavy metal immobilization to unlock the full potential of biochar in environmental bioremediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 92-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000079/pdfft?md5=48777372c8beb679563bc4a0df9fe78a&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential strategies for bioremediation of microplastic contaminated soil","authors":"Charu Thapliyal ,&nbsp;Anshu Priya ,&nbsp;Salam Bhopen Singh ,&nbsp;Vivekanand Bahuguna ,&nbsp;Achlesh Daverey","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The escalating production and ubiquitous presence of plastics and their degradation products, such as microplastics and nanoplastics, pose a significant environmental threat. Microplastics enter the soil through various pathways, including agricultural practices, plastic degradation, and wastewater disposal. Herein, we discussed the harmful effects of microplastics on the physicochemical properties of soil, plant growth, terrestrial fauna, and microbial activity, potentially affecting the stability and nutrient cycle of the soil ecosystem. This review delves into recent advances in potential microplastic bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation strategies utilized by plants and their associated microbes to accumulate, immobilize, and even degrade microplastics. Rhizosphere microorganisms play a crucial role in the degradation of microplastics, potentially utilizing them as a carbon source. Soil animals like earthworms, snails, and mealworms can also contribute significantly to bioremediation by ingesting and degrading microplastics through their gut microbiota. Various soil microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, can degrade different microplastics with the help of enzymes such as laccase, esterase, peroxidase, oxidoreductase, and hydrolases and depolymerise the larger polymer chains into smaller units that ultimately mineralize them into CO_2, H₂O, and CH₄. Genetic engineering and synthetic biology are also used to create strains with enhanced microplastic degrading and mineralization capabilities. It holds promise for efficient bioremediation but requires further research for real-world application and scalable implementation. Overall, this review comprehensively highlights the potential of bioremediation approaches and future recommendations for tackling microplastic pollution. Further research and development are crucial for enhancing biodegradation efficiency and scaling up this strategy for environmental protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 117-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000092/pdfft?md5=bf2f73c4a9132606f2abb6573ee6e802&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000092-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140948283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced chromium (VI) removal: A remediation study employing nano zero-valent iron supported by sawdust","authors":"Tasrina Rabia Choudhury ,&nbsp;Fathiya Naushin Jahan ,&nbsp;Snahasish Bhowmik ,&nbsp;Sheikh Fahim Faysal Sowrav ,&nbsp;Mohammad Nurnabi","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enceco.2024.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The rapid expansion of industry leads to the emission of heavy metals into the environment, posing a significant global concern presently. The management of heavy metals holds particular significance due to their resilience and persistence in the environment. Removal technologies of heavy metals include physical and chemical treatments. Chromium (VI) was utilized as a representative of heavy metals in this research. Sorption experiments were conducted using a composite material consisting of supported nano zero-valent iron on sawdust, designated as NZVI/SD. The NZVI/SD composite was prepared through a two-step process involving the impregnation of sawdust with ferrous sulfate, followed by a chemical reduction using Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). The adsorbent was characterized with the help of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical test. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated under various conditions, including different pH values, adsorbent dosages, initial metal ion concentrations, contact times, and varying temperatures. The optimal conditions for employing NZVI/SD for the removal of Cr(VI) were observed at a pH of 3.0, an adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g/L, an initial metal ion concentration of 61.45 mg/L, a contact time of 180 min, and a temperature of 50 °C. Sorption of Cr(VI) on NZVI/SD followed Langmuir Isotherm model. The maximum monolayer sorption capacity on NZVI/SD was 39.8 mg/g at 298 K temperature (equilibrium pH of 3.0) estimated from the Langmuir isotherm. Kinetics and thermodynamic studies on the sorption of Cr (VI) on NZVI/SD were done to understand the sorption mechanism. Sorption kinetics of Cr (VI) on NZVI/SD confirmed that pseudo second order reaction kinetics was followed concluding that the rate of adsorption depends on the analyte and the available free site of adsorbent. By employing the Langmuir isotherm model and Van't Hoff equation, the determination of thermodynamic parameters such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy change, and entropy change of the adsorption process was facilitated. It was found that the sorption of Cr(VI) was spontaneous (∆G° = −10.36 kJ.mol⁻¹) on NZVI/SD and the process was endothermic (∆H = +4.609 kJ/mol). NZVI/SD can be effectively regenerated by elution with 1 M NaOH for 4 h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000055/pdfft?md5=e8ab02845d09b3bd8580dca3f828595f&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000055-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140141490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources and pathways of human exposure to perchlorate in the United States: A comparison of environmental monitoring and biomonitoring approaches","authors":"Kurunthachalam Kannan ,&nbsp;Qian Wu ,&nbsp;Zhong-Min Li","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perchlorate is a widespread environmental pollutant and a known thyroid hormone disruptor. Little is known about the sources and pathways of human exposure to perchlorate. We measured perchlorate in drinking water, foodstuffs, indoor dust and urine collected from various locations in the United States, with a vast majority of them from New York State. The highest concentration of perchlorate was found in indoor dust, at a geometric mean (GM) concentration of 280 ng/g, followed by foodstuffs including beverages (1.77 ng/g) and drinking water (0.09 ng/mL). Among nine categories of foodstuffs analyzed, perchlorate concentrations as high as 839 ng/g were found in vegetables. The estimated average perchlorate exposure dose for adults from various sources was 141 ng/kg body weight (BW)/day. Previously reported perchlorate concentrations in breast milk from the United States in 2007 were used for the estimation of exposure doses in infants, and were 1580, 1230, and 1010 ng/kg BW/day for 0–3, 3–6, and 6–12 months of age, all exceeded the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) chronic reference dose (700 ng/kg BW/day). Breastfeeding was the dominant exposure pathway accounting for &gt; 90% of perchlorate exposure among infants &lt; 1 year, whereas milk, vegetables, and beverages were the dominant exposure sources (73–83%) for age groups &gt; 1 year. Perchlorate was detected in all human urine collected from Albany, New York (<em>N</em> = 31) at a GM concentration of 2.30 ng/mL. The GM perchlorate exposure doses calculated from urinary concentrations, through a reverse dosimetry approach, were 46.1 and 37.8 ng/kg BW/day for age groups 16–21 and &gt; 21 years, respectively, which were similar to those calculated from external sources of exposure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 363-369"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259018262400033X/pdfft?md5=c9f2b7a2998307dc64774211ab894367&pid=1-s2.0-S259018262400033X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic degradation of diverse azo dyes using Eucommia ulmoides bark-mediated gold nanocatalyst","authors":"Hong Wan ,&nbsp;Sania Habib ,&nbsp;Huihong Liu ,&nbsp;Sakil Mahmud","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the absence of any hazardous substances, colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized through the reduction and stabilization of corresponding metal cations by a simple <em>Eucommia ulmoides</em> bark extract (EUBE). Employing these AuNPs as catalysts, at least ten distinct azo compounds were catalyzed and analyzed. The findings reveal outstanding catalytic performance across a diverse range of azo dyes, regardless of structural complexity, the count of azo bonds, the presence of various functional groups in the side chains, differences in molecular weight, degrees of water solubility, ionic characteristics of the dyes, and the particular class of dyes, whether reactive or acidic. Regardless of these varieties, azo dyes achieved over 90% degradation within 16 min, following a first-order pseudo-kinetic reaction. This report systematically explains the mechanics of AuNPs synthesis using EUBE and the step-by-step azo dye degradation. It signifies an advancement in azo-contaminated wastewater treatment, transcending the varied types and structural complexities of azo compounds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 171-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000158/pdfft?md5=47501cc02a2ee6ad56d291c05d38dc60&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141143546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbe-pesticide interactions: Soil enzyme analysis and bacterial degradation of chlorpyrifos","authors":"M. Srinivasulu ,&nbsp;Naga Raju Maddela ,&nbsp;M. Subhosh Chandra ,&nbsp;P. Chandramati Shankar ,&nbsp;V. Rangaswamy ,&nbsp;Ram Prasad","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With the objective of understanding microbe—pesticide interactions in soil, the effect of pesticides alone and in combination on the activities of amylase, cellulase, and invertase was assessed in black, and red soils collected from the groundnut (<em>Arachis hypogaea</em> L.) cultivated fields of Andhra Pradesh, India. In addition, the potential bacteria that can break down chlorpyrifos was identified using biochemical assays and a partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Soil enzymes were analyzed using standard procedures described elsewhere. The activities of amylase, cellulase, and invertase were solely dependent on the dose of pesticides used in the current study. Enzyme activities were significantly increased at the level of 2.5 or 5.0 kg ha^–1, whereas increases in the concentration of pesticides at 7.5–10 kg ha⁻¹ were lethal to the enzyme activities in both soils at 10-day incubation. The effective combination for the increase in the activities of amylase, cellulase, and invertase were monocrotophos + mancozeb. Mineral salts medium with 50 ppm chlorpyrifos as a carbon source had the greatest growth of the bacteria (i.e. <em>Pseudomonas citronellolis</em> strain CF3) at 14th h of incubation with OD value of 0.24 at 660 nm, and the same strain could eliminate 75% of the chlorpyrifos within 24 h from the medium. Based on the present study it was concluded that insecticides used alone or in combination with fungicides at specific doses (2.5 or 5.0 kg ha⁻¹) improved the amylase, cellulase, and invertase activities, which are involved in the carbon cycle in soils. <em>Pseudomonas citronellolis</em> strain CF3 is a potential bacterium in the remediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 180-191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000122/pdfft?md5=440c5472472a8ab4fae70e2de61ba535&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141138905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of changes in governance for anticoagulant rodenticide use on non-target exposure in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes)","authors":"S. Campbell ,&nbsp;S. George ,&nbsp;E.A. Sharp ,&nbsp;A. Giela ,&nbsp;C. Senior ,&nbsp;L.M. Melton ,&nbsp;F. Casali ,&nbsp;M. Giergiel ,&nbsp;D. Vyas ,&nbsp;L.A. Mocogni ,&nbsp;M. Galloway","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wildlife is at risk of exposure to rodenticides used in pest management. An industry-led stewardship scheme introduced new rules on use and sale of products across the UK in 2016, with the aim of reducing this risk. To determine if the scheme had achieved this, exposure to second generation anticoagulant rodenticides (SGARs) was measured in foxes. Liver samples from 406 foxes collected between 2011 and 2022 were analysed and the percentage presence and concentrations of SGARs, where present, from pre-stewardship and post-stewardship samples were compared. There was no statistically significant change in the percentage of foxes exposed to bromadiolone, difenacoum or summed SGAR residues after the introduction of stewardship. The percentage of foxes exposed to brodifacoum increased significantly post-stewardship, from 18% to 43%. There were no significant changes of either summed or individual SGAR concentrations post-stewardship.</p><p>These findings suggest that the industry-led stewardship scheme has not yet had the intended impact of reducing SGAR exposure in non-target wildlife, and they highlight a substantial increase in foxes encountering brodifacoum, together with weak statistical evidence of an increase in the percentage of foxes exposed to multiple SGARs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000018/pdfft?md5=23ec2c687f45b1ff4bef9aa59a343274&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between metal exposure and oxidative stress in preschool children and the moderating role of urinary creatinine","authors":"Mei Liu ,&nbsp;Yanfang Cheng ,&nbsp;Jia He ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Juntao Li ,&nbsp;Lei Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enceco.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The association between childhood metal exposure and oxidative stress levels is of paramount importance, as children are a susceptible group to metal toxicity and elevated oxidative damage has been linked to a variety of diseases. Despite the fact that urinary creatinine is commonly used to account for variations in urine dilution, it may introduce analytical bias if creatinine excretion is influenced by the same factors that affect urinary metal excretion or if metal exposure compromises kidney function. In this study, we evaluated the individual and joint association between urinary metal ion concentrations and the oxidative stress biomarker 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine in preschool children and assessed the moderation role of urinary creatinine. Multiple linear regression showed that copper and selenium were negatively correlated with 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine, arsenic and antimony were positively correlated with 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine. Restricted cubic spline demonstrated the non-linear relationship between lithium, nickel, arsenic, tin, and antimony and 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine. Bayesian kernel machine regression and quantile g-computation analyses showed a positive association between urinary metal ion concentration and 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine levels, with selenium being the most significant metal ion contributing to elevated oxidative stress levels. Moderation analyses revealed that the association between urinary metal ions and 8-hydroxy-2′ -deoxyguanosine is more significant at high urinary creatinine levels. The results indicated the importance of adequately accounting for urinary creatinine levels to avoid overestimation of metal exposure and distortion of the true association between metal exposure and oxidative damage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100480,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology","volume":"6 ","pages":"Pages 338-346"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182624000316/pdfft?md5=6574433c5e934dafe073ab9967b44688&pid=1-s2.0-S2590182624000316-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}