Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Phase I Clinical Study of a Multi-Kinase Inhibitor TG02 Capsule for the Treatment of Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas with Failed Temozolomide Treatment in Chinese Patients.","authors":"Cheng-Cheng Guo, Qun-Ying Yang, Shao-Yan Xi, Jian Zhou, Zhi-Huan Zhou, Xi Cao, Yi-Xiang Liao, Benjamin Xiao-Yi Li, Xiang-Rong Dai, Michael Wong, Yu-Jie Li, Xiao-Hui Yu, Zhong-Ping Chen","doi":"10.1159/000542365","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We report the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic characteristics and preliminary efficacy of a multi-kinase inhibitor (TG02 capsule) as a new therapy for patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, dose-escalation, open-label phase I study, which enrolled patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas who failed to temozolomide. Patients were assigned sequentially into different dose groups and received TG02 every 4 weeks. The dose was increased in a traditional 3 + 3 design. Primary endpoints were the dose-limited toxicity (DLT) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve patients (8 glioblastomas, 4 diffuse astrocytoma) were enrolled between May 2019 and November 2021. Three patients received 100 mg and 9 received 150 mg TG02 twice a week. The plasma concentration of TG02 reached the maximum at 2 h after administration, and the elimination half-life was about 7 h. No DLT occurred and MTD was not defined in this study. Eleven patients had one or more investigator-assessed treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The most frequent TRAEs were vomiting (91.7%) and diarrhea (75.0%), and 50% of the patients had grade 3 or 4 adverse events. There were no treatment-related deaths. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 1.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-4.24) and 9.63 (95% CI: 2.66-not estimated) months, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TG02 capsule 150 mg twice a week is safe and tolerable in Chinese patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. Patients who failed to temozolomide showed obvious tumor reduction when switching to TG02 capsule. The efficacy of recurrent gliomas warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Duodenum: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Yifan Hui, Fei Ke, Wei Lu, Wenli Qiu, Xia Zheng, Haibo Cheng","doi":"10.1159/000542485","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Duodenal squamous cell carcinoma is an exceedingly rare occurrence among gastrointestinal malignancies, and its diagnosis and treatment are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In this report, we present a case of duodenal squamous cell carcinoma with liver and adrenal metastasis. The patient was treated with gemcitabine and S-1, achieving a progression-free survival of 7 months and an overall survival of 9 months. Additionally, we review the features and treatment approaches reported in previous cases of primary duodenal carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clearly, further case reports, such as ours, can contribute to a deeper understanding that is essential for characterizing this entity and establishing management guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting Reprisal of Solid Cancer Treatment and 60-Month Survival after Medical Intensive Care: A Single-Centre Cohort Study.","authors":"Victoria Ferrari, Lucas Morand, Hervé Hyvernat, Renaud Schiappa, Jean Dellamonica, Nihal Martis","doi":"10.1159/000542101","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Our study aimed to identify relevant features associated with the reprisal of antineoplastic treatment in patients with solid cancers after unplanned admittance to the intensive care unit (ICU) and to assess 60th-month survival in patients with solid neoplasms admitted to the ICU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This single-centre retrospective study of critically ill patients with active cancers was performed over a 13-year period (2005-2018). Patients' characteristics, overall survival, and antineoplastic treatment reprisal were extracted from digital medical files and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>134 patients were included in the study. Solid neoplasms were mostly localised to the head and neck (n = 53) followed by lung cancers (n = 29). Sepsis was the leading cause of ICU admission (62.1%) with 41/82 patients presenting with septic shock. Antineoplastic treatments were resumed in 40 patients. An age ≤60 years and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) ≤1 were found to be predictors for treatment reprisal, with odd ratios of, respectively, 2.83 (95% CI, 1.15-6.99) and 5.45 (95% CI, 2.01-14.82); area under the ROC curve of 72% (95% CI, 63-81%). Survival after the immediate discharge from the ICU was 101/134 (75%) and the 60-month survival rate was 29% and significantly higher in the treatment-reprisal group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age and ECOG PS were found to be predictors for treatment reprisal in patients with solid neoplasms admitted to the ICU. The latter benefits from better long-term survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Sex-Dependent Differences for Dosing Selection and Optimization of Chemotherapeutic Drugs.","authors":"Claire Seydoux, Myriam Briki, Anna D Wagner, Eva Choong, Monia Guidi, Sandro Carrara, Yann Thoma, Françoise Livio, François R Girardin, Catia Marzolini, Thierry Buclin, Laurent A Decosterd","doi":"10.1159/000542461","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite major advances in cancer treatment in the past years, there is a need to optimize chemotherapeutic drug dosing strategies to reduce toxicities, suboptimal responses, and the risk of relapse. Most cancer drugs have a narrow therapeutic index with substantial pharmacokinetics variability. Yet, current dosing approaches do not fully account for the complex pathophysiological characteristics of the patients. In this regard, the effect of sex on anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs' disposition is still underexplored. In this article, we review sex differences in chemotherapeutic drug pharmacokinetics; we suggest a novel approach that integrates sex into the traditional a priori body surface area (BSA) dosing selection model, and finally, we provide an overview of the potential benefits of a broader use of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in oncology.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>To date, anticancer chemotherapeutic drug dosing is most often determined by BSA, a method widely used for its ease of practice, despite criticism for not accounting for individual factors, notably sex. Anatomical, physiological, and biological differences between males and females can affect pharmacokinetics, including drug metabolism and clearance. At equivalent doses, females tend to display higher circulating exposure and more organ toxicities, which has been formally demonstrated at present for about 20% of chemotherapeutic drugs. An alternative could be the sex-adjusted BSA (SABSA), incorporating a 10% increase in dosing for males and a 10% decrease for females, though this approach still lacks formal clinical validation. Another strategy to reduce treatment-related toxicity and potentially enhance clinical outcomes could be a more widespread use of TDM, for which a benefit has been demonstrated for 5-fluorouracil, busulfan, methotrexate, or thiopurines.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The inclusion of sex besides BSA in an easy-to-implement formula such as SABSA could improve a priori chemotherapy dosing selection, even though it still requires clinical validation. The a posteriori use of TDM could further enhance treatment efficacy and safety in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142603190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Pathologic Complete Response in HR+/HER2- Breast Cancer: Impact of Tumor Ki67 and ER Status.","authors":"Goncagul Akdag, Sedat Yildirim, Akif Dogan, Zeynep Yuksel Yasar, Hamit Bal, Oguzcan Kinikoglu, Sila Oksuz, Ugur Ozkerim, Salih Tunbekici, Hacer Sahika Yildiz, Ezgi Turkoglu, Ozkan Alan, Sermin Coban Kokten, Deniz Isik, Ozlem Nuray Sever, Hatice Odabas, Mahmut Emre Yildirim, Nedim Turan","doi":"10.1159/000537874","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000537874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is extensively employed in breast cancer (BC), primarily for aggressive subtypes like triple-negative and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive BC and in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/HER2- BC with high-risk features. In ER+/HER2- BC, pathological complete rates are much lower (&lt;10%), while axillary dissection rates are higher. This study focuses on hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/HER2- BC patients undergoing NAC, examining its impact on pathological complete response (pCR) rates, with specific attention to tumor Ki67 and ER status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective data analysis from Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital included HR+/HER2- BC patients who received NAC. Clinicopathological factors, NAC response, and surgical outcomes were assessed. Statistical analyses evaluated the association between Ki67, ER status, and pCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 203 patients, 11.8% achieved pCR. Ki67 (p &lt; 0.001) and ER percentage (p &lt; 0.001) significantly correlated with pCR. Higher Ki67 was associated with increased pCR likelihood (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05). A Ki67-pCR probability curve revealed a cutoff of 23.5%. ER%-pCR analysis showed decreasing pCR rates with higher ER percentages. Multivariate analysis confirmed Ki67 (p = 0.003, HR: 1.02) and ER percentage (p = 0.019, HR: 0.97) as independent predictors of pCR probability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consideration of Ki67 and ER percentage aids in NAC decisions for HR+/HER2- BC, identifying patients with high NAC response rates, facilitating axillary preservation, and potentially avoiding axillary dissection. The pCR rates in patients with Ki67 ≤24 are particularly low, especially in patients with a high ER percentage. In these cases, upfront surgery and adjuvant treatment should be considered instead of NAC.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"141-149"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139899430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Practical Approach.","authors":"Valeria Tomarchio, Luigi Rigacci","doi":"10.1159/000533766","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Positron emission tomography (PET) with the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), implemented with low-dosage computer tomography, is to be considered as the most important evolution of imaging in the management and assessment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>According to Lugano response criteria, FDG-PET is mandatory to define metabolic response to frontline therapy and moreover it is important in the definition of nonresponders or refractory disease patients. Refractory disease is reported in about 15% of patients, with some variations based on the choice of first-line chemotherapy, and particularly in advanced stages, up to 40% eventually relapse within 3 years.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The aim of this review was to highlight a practical way to use FDG-PET in the subset of HL, with some notes of its use in first-line patients, and particularly centered on relapsed or refractory setting with a final focus of the evaluation of response by FDG-PET in the new treatment era of immunocheckpoint inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10242171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Use of Abemaciclib and Radiotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Edy Ippolito, Francesco Pantano, Sonia Silipigni, Rita Alaimo, Jessica Infante, Elena Onorati, Claudia Talocco, Carlo Greco, Michele Fiore, Marco Donato, Giuseppe Tonini, Rolando Maria D'Angelillo, Sara Ramella","doi":"10.1159/000538847","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is little evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of the combination of abemaciclib plus radiotherapy (RT). The majority of studies investigated the combination of RT with palbociclib or ribociclib reporting that hematological toxicity is common. Given the unique toxicity profile of abemaciclib with greater gastrointestinal toxicity compared to hematological toxicity, we wanted to evaluate the toxicity of the combination with RT in metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with histologically proven metastatic or locally advanced BC treated with RT and concurrent abemaciclib were selected. Toxicity was assessed according to the NCI-CTCAE V4.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two metastatic sites were treated in 19 patients and analyzed. All patients received abemaciclib during the RT course. A total of 68% of patients received a full dose of abemaciclib during RT. Also, 71.9% of patients received a palliative intent (median dose = 30 Gy, range = 8-30 Gy), and 26.3% were treated for 9 oligo-metastatic or oligo-progressive sites of disease with stereotactic body RT (median dose = 30 Gy, range 21-30 Gy, given in 3-5 fractions). Overall, the rate of G3 toxicity was 15.7%. The rate of G3 hematological toxicity was 10.6% (2/19 patients, one G3 neutropenia and one G3 anemia). No patient presented diarrhea, including those treated for RT sites close to the bowel. One patient developed G3 skin toxicity. Pain significantly improved after RT (mean value NRS pre-RT = 3.9, SD = 3.07; mean value NRS after RT = 0.9, SD = 0.46; p < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abemaciclib and concomitant RT seem well tolerated showing acceptable toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"237-243"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daptomycin-Induced Eosinophilic Pneumonia: A Case Report and Systematic Review.","authors":"Andrea Di Lorenzo, Lorenzo Vittorio Rindi, Laura Campogiani, Alessandra Imeneo, Grazia Alessio, Pier Giorgio Pace, Alessandra Lodi, Benedetta Rossi, Angela Maria Antonia Crea, Pietro Vitale, Dimitra Kontogiannis, Vincenzo Malagnino, Massimo Andreoni, Marco Iannetta, Loredana Sarmati","doi":"10.1159/000535190","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535190","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP) is a rare respiratory condition caused by eosinophil accumulation in the pulmonary tissue that can be related to drug administration. Daptomycin, an antibiotic active against gram-positive bacteria, is one of the leading causes of AEP among drugs. In order to raise awareness of this rare syndrome, in our work we have described a case of an 82-year-old male with Enterococcus faecalis endocarditis treated with daptomycin, who developed a daptomycin-induced AEP. We have performed a systematic review of the literature for all similar reported cases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. To conduct the analysis, the terms \"daptomycin AND eosinoph* AND pneum*\" were entered into the databases Medline, CINAHL, and Embase on April 13, 2023. We considered all relevant records documenting AEP after daptomycin use. No restrictions in terms of year or language were made. A formal appraisal of observational studies was performed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. All results and data were reported by means of tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our search identified 93 relevant records, published between 2007 and 2023. A total of 120 patients were considered. Patients who experienced AEP were mostly males (n = 88, 73.3%) with a mean age of 68.28 years (SD 11.54). Daptomycin was most frequently prescribed for osteoarticular infections (n = 75, 62.5%) and to treat gram-positive cocci infections. The most frequently isolated pathogen was methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Daptomycin was mostly used with off-label indications (n = 89, 74%). Symptoms of AEP were usually reported after a mean of 21.75 days of treatment (range 3-84) and typically included fever, dyspnea, dry cough, and acute respiratory failure. Reported treatment strategies invariably included daptomycin withdrawal, respiratory support, and corticosteroid treatment. One hundred and sixteen patients fully recovered. A fatal outcome was described in 4 patients. Suggestive symptoms and imaging raised suspicion for AEP, confirmed with bronchoalveolar lavage in 57.5% of the cases.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Daptomycin-induced AEP is a rare but potentially fatal complication, mostly reported after long treatment with daptomycin. Clinicians should be aware of this syndrome, as it could be initially misdiagnosed for an acute infectious respiratory syndrome, resulting in a delay in its diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, since the risk of developing AEP is increased by longer drug exposure, caution should be used when discussing the use of daptomycin in longer treatment regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"85-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107590368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kodamaea ohmeri Leg Skin Ulcer Infection in an Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report.","authors":"Angelo Aita, Diana Lelli, Giovanni Gherardi, Claudio Pedone, Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi","doi":"10.1159/000536588","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000536588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Kodamaea ohmeri is an emerging fungus recognised as an important pathogen in immunocompromised hosts, responsible for life-threatening infections.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a case of a 69-year-old immunocompetent man with a long history of leg skin ulcers infected by K. ohmeri. This is the first case of leg wounds infected by K. ohmeri in an immunocompetent patient. The infection was successfully treated with voriconazole 200 mg daily.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Though rare, K. ohmeri should be considered in patients with skin ulcers that are poorly responsive to medical treatment, even if not immunocompromised.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"100-103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Secondary to Blinatumomab Therapy: A Case Report.","authors":"Yue Yin, Kaini Shen, Hanyu Li, Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000538256","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>With the increasing use of blinatumomab in relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including minimal residual disease (MRD)-positive cases, awareness of its adverse effects has gradually improved. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) associated with blinatumomab therapy is rare.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We present a case of PCP in a patient undergoing blinatumomab therapy. A 70-year-old female diagnosed with Philadelphia-like CRLF2 overexpression B-cell precursor ALL received blinatumomab as consolidation therapy after achieving complete remission with prior induction chemotherapy. On the second day of blinatumomab infusion, she developed intermittent low-grade fever, and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed subtle infiltrates and nodules. Despite empiric trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) prophylaxis, she progressed to significant shortness of breath and type I respiratory failure, with increased lactate dehydrogenase and β-D-glucan assays. Chest CT showed diffuse ground-glass opacities with scattered small nodules. The dry cough prompted next-generation sequencing of peripheral blood, which tested positive for pneumocystis jirovecii without evidence of other pathogens. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with PCP. The first cycle of blinatumomab had to be discontinued, and therapeutic dosages of TMP-SMX and dexamethasone were administered, resulting in full recovery and stable condition during follow-ups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PCP is rare in B-cell precursor ALL patients receiving blinatumomab therapy but manifests with early onset and rapid disease progression. Despite prophylaxis, PCP infection cannot be ignored during blinatumomab therapy. Therefore, heightened attention is warranted when using blinatumomab therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"104-107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11152014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140173876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}