Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring: A Driver to Precision Medicine for Patients with Hematological Malignancies.","authors":"Jannik Stemler, Roger M Brüggemann, Nick A de Jonge","doi":"10.1159/000547073","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000547073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Targeted therapies have revolutionized the treatment of hematological malignancies, offering improved efficacy with fewer off-target effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. However, significant pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) variability exists among patients receiving these therapies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) measures drug exposure and thereby helps to adjust the dose of a drug to maintain its concentration within a target range. It is frequently applied for drugs with characteristics like PK variability or narrow therapeutic window, among others, to ensure optimal therapeutic outcome while minimizing adverse effects. Many molecular targeted agents (MTAs) for malignancies, especially tyrosine kinase inhibitors, exhibit significant variability in exposure, and yet are still dosed with a \"one-size-fits-all\" approach. While this is partially culprit to regulatory approval requirements of MTA, it contradicts principles of targeted therapy. PK/PD variability necessitates a personalized approach to dosing in order to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize toxicity. TDM provides an avenue to refine dosing strategies based on individual patient characteristics.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Through incorporation of TDM, treatment of hematological malignancies could move toward target concentration-driven dosing in clinical trials and regulatory frameworks. Establishing target concentrations for MTA requires solid exposure-response and exposure-toxicity analyses in the population of interest. To establish such reference ranges, large populational analyses are necessitated, underlining the importance of the incorporation of such endpoints into phase III trials. Economic restrictions, sample transportation logistics, turnaround times, and interpretation may hinder the application of a TDM-guided dosing approach in routine care. Ultimately, personalized TDM-guided dosing could improve patient outcomes and quality of life through minimizing toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"193-199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144820732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Modulates Therapeutic Responses in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.","authors":"Yi-Li Chen, Chen-Wei Chou, I-Hsiu Liu, Yuh-Harn Wu, Cheng-Yi Chen","doi":"10.1159/000545341","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the primary types of liver cancer, and the mortality trend of HCC patients is estimated to continue rising in the future. Chemotherapy drugs or targeted therapies are considered primary treatment modalities for intermediate-stage or advanced-stage HCC. Although these drugs can extend the survival rate of HCC patients, prolonged treatment often raises concerns about drug resistance or cancer recurrence, leading to undesirable therapeutic outcomes. Drug treatments generally involve promoting cytotoxicity and inhibiting oncogenic signaling pathways, and the response of cancer cells to drug-induced stress situations may potentially impact the effectiveness of treatment. The unfolded protein response (UPR) acts as a cellular stress response mechanism, activating pathways such as DNA repair and autophagy to help cellular survival when cells are damaged. It has also been shown that under sustained or excessive stress, UPR can control cell fate toward programmed cell death, such as apoptosis. Previous studies have found that activation of UPR plays an essential role in cancer cell growth and drug resistance. Various molecules or signaling pathways regulated by the UPR assist cancer cells in responding to anticancer drugs, enabling their survival during treatment.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>The present review illustrated genetic molecules or signaling pathways controlled by the UPR and investigates their influence on liver cancer drugs. Moreover, the review also summarizes the partial effects of UPR, including lipid droplet formation and inflammatory stimulation, and their roles in HCC development and drug resistance, respectively.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Unraveling and targeting ER stress provide potential therapeutic strategies for HCC treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"177-192"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144783626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase I Clinical Study of a Multi-Kinase Inhibitor TG02 Capsule for the Treatment of Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas with Failed Temozolomide Treatment in Chinese Patients.","authors":"Cheng-Cheng Guo, Qun-Ying Yang, Shao-Yan Xi, Jian Zhou, Zhi-Huan Zhou, Xi Cao, Yi-Xiang Liao, Benjamin Xiao-Yi Li, Xiang-Rong Dai, Michael Wong, Yu-Jie Li, Xiao-Hui Yu, Zhong-Ping Chen","doi":"10.1159/000542365","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542365","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>We report the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic characteristics and preliminary efficacy of a multi-kinase inhibitor (TG02 capsule) as a new therapy for patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas in China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, dose-escalation, open-label phase I study, which enrolled patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas who failed to temozolomide. Patients were assigned sequentially into different dose groups and received TG02 every 4 weeks. The dose was increased in a traditional 3 + 3 design. Primary endpoints were the dose-limited toxicity (DLT) and the maximum tolerated dose (MTD).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve patients (8 glioblastomas, 4 diffuse astrocytoma) were enrolled between May 2019 and November 2021. Three patients received 100 mg and 9 received 150 mg TG02 twice a week. The plasma concentration of TG02 reached the maximum at 2 h after administration, and the elimination half-life was about 7 h. No DLT occurred and MTD was not defined in this study. Eleven patients had one or more investigator-assessed treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs). The most frequent TRAEs were vomiting (91.7%) and diarrhea (75.0%), and 50% of the patients had grade 3 or 4 adverse events. There were no treatment-related deaths. The median progression-free survival and overall survival were 1.77 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-4.24) and 9.63 (95% CI: 2.66-not estimated) months, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TG02 capsule 150 mg twice a week is safe and tolerable in Chinese patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas. Patients who failed to temozolomide showed obvious tumor reduction when switching to TG02 capsule. The efficacy of recurrent gliomas warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"74-84"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142667286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downregulation of Rad51 Expression and Activity Potentiates the Cytotoxic Effect of Osimertinib in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.","authors":"Jen-Chung Ko, Jyh-Cheng Chen, Ching-Hsiu Huang, Pei-Jung Chen, Qiao-Zhen Chang, Bo-Cheng Mu, Jun-Jie Chen, Tzu-Yuan Tai, Kasumi Suzuki, Yi-Xuan Wang, Yun-Wei Lin","doi":"10.1159/000540867","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osimertinib (AZD9291) is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown significant clinical benefits in patients with EGFR-sensitizing mutations or the EGFR T790M mutation. The homologous recombination (HR) pathway is crucial for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Rad51 plays a central role in HR, facilitating the search for homology and promoting DNA strand exchange between homologous DNA molecules. Rad51 is overexpressed in numerous types of cancer cells. B02, a specific small molecule inhibitor of Rad51, inhibits the DNA strand exchange activity of Rad51. Previous studies have indicated that B02 disrupted Rad51 foci formation in response to DNA damage and inhibited DSBs repair in human cells and sensitized them to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. However, the potential therapeutic effects of combining osimertinib with a Rad51 inhibitor are not well understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the downregulation of Rad51 expression and activity can enhance the osimertinib-induced cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the MTS, trypan blue dye exclusion and colony-formation ability assay to determine whether osimertinib alone or in combination with B02 had cytotoxic effects on NSCLC cell lines. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure the amounts of Rad51 mRNA. The protein levels of phosphorylated AKT and Rad51 were determined by Western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that osimertinib reduced Rad51 expression by inactivating AKT activity. Rad51 knockdown using small interfering RNA or AKT inactivation through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or si-AKT RNA transfection enhanced the cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of osimertinib. In contrast, AKT-CA (a constitutively active form of AKT) vector-enforced expression could mitigate the cytotoxic and cell growth inhibitory effects of osimertinib. Furthermore, B02 significantly enhanced the cytotoxic and cell growth inhibitory effects of osimertinib in NSCLC cells. Compared to parental cells, the activation of AKT and Rad51 expression in osimertinib-resistant cells could not be significantly inhibited by osimertinib treatment. Moreover, the increased expression of Rad51 is associated with the resistance mechanism in osimertinib-resistant H1975 and A549 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, the downregulation of Rad51 expression and activity enhances the cytotoxic effect of osimertinib in human NSCLC cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"12-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Imatinib: Is There a Rationale for Also Quantifying Its Active Metabolite?","authors":"Clara Eschalier, Thierry Lafont, Sabrina Marsili, Malika Yakoubi, Aurélie Brice, Fabienne Thomas, Mélanie White-Koning, Ben Allal, Etienne Chatelut","doi":"10.1159/000541936","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Therapeutic drug monitoring of imatinib is widely performed to individualize imatinib dosage. While N-desmethyl imatinib is an active metabolite of imatinib, its concentrations are not routinely determined.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib trough plasma concentrations at steady-state were obtained from 295 patients with either chronic myeloid leukemia or gastrointestinal stromal tumor to see whether N-desmethyl imatinib provided additional information. Pharmacokinetic data were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effect approach. Correlations between several pharmacokinetic metrics of drug exposure were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean value of the N-desmethyl imatinib/imatinib ratio of trough concentrations was 0.31 with half of the values between 0.23 and 0.37. N-desmethyl imatinib and total (i.e., N-desmethyl imatinib plus imatinib) trough plasma concentrations or area under the curve values were closely correlated with imatinib values. The distribution of imatinib or total concentrations between patients requiring imatinib dosage adjustment, or not, was similar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results do not clearly support routine N-desmethyl monitoring since it does not provide additional information to imatinib data.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"26-36"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Duodenum: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Yifan Hui, Fei Ke, Wei Lu, Wenli Qiu, Xia Zheng, Haibo Cheng","doi":"10.1159/000542485","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000542485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Duodenal squamous cell carcinoma is an exceedingly rare occurrence among gastrointestinal malignancies, and its diagnosis and treatment are not well understood.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In this report, we present a case of duodenal squamous cell carcinoma with liver and adrenal metastasis. The patient was treated with gemcitabine and S-1, achieving a progression-free survival of 7 months and an overall survival of 9 months. Additionally, we review the features and treatment approaches reported in previous cases of primary duodenal carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clearly, further case reports, such as ours, can contribute to a deeper understanding that is essential for characterizing this entity and establishing management guidelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"102-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142616061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Infection Caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in Immunocompromised Patient Confirmed by Whole Genome Sequencing.","authors":"Dijana Varda Brkić, Jakša Babel, Ana Budimir, Iva Butić, Marija Gužvinec, Dragan Jurić, Ivana Ferenčak, Selma Bošnjak, Ivana Mareković","doi":"10.1159/000539977","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nocardia spp. is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing localized and disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. It is critical for serious infections to have an early and accurate identification of this pathogen in order to enable timely and focused combination antimicrobial treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe the case of an 87-year-old patient previously treated for myasthenia gravis with corticosteroids and azathioprine. Patient was admitted at the emergency department with clinical signs of sepsis with cellulitis of right hand associated with injury acquired after gardening and trimming roses and did not respond to empirical antimicrobial treatment. Computerized tomography revealed pulmonary infiltrates with inflammatory etiology. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica was cultivated from blood culture, skin swab, abscess aspirate, and endotracheal aspirate and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rRNA sequencing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Susceptibility testing was performed with E-test (bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France), and corresponding resistance genes were detected by WGS. Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin was detected by both methods. Despite all interventions and the patient receiving antimicrobial treatment including imipenem-cilastatin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the course and outcome of infection were unfavorable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We would like to emphasize the need to consider the possibility of disseminated Nocardia infection in immunocompromised patients, especially in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid treatment with skin infections and/or cavitary lung lesions, especially if these do not improve with standard antimicrobial treatment. Precise species identity provides a critical guide for physicians in the choice of targeted treatment. Thanks to MALDI-TOF MS, Nocardia spp. identification is now available in routine lab work. WGS is still inevitable for the identification of uncommon and novel species due to the high sequence similarities between closely related species and the genetic diversity of that genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Population Pharmacokinetics Models, and External Validation of High-Dose Methotrexate in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.","authors":"Natalia Maximova, Pasquale Fabio Calabrò, Alice Cangialosi, Antonello Di Paolo, Natalia Maximova","doi":"10.1159/000543181","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000543181","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>High-dose methotrexate (MTX) is used to treat pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The drug has a low therapeutic index and a highly interindividual variability in systemic exposure. These characteristics necessitate dose adjustments and therapeutic drug monitoring protocols, while population pharmacokinetic (POP/PK) models may enable more precise drug dosing. Therefore, we assessed the performance of external POP/PK models in ALL children receiving high-dose MTX.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively harvested clinical and laboratory data from ALL children during their first two cycles of chemotherapy. A POP/PK model was elaborated using the Monolix suite 2024R1. External models were selected from PUBMED based on strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, and their fit to the actual data was assessed by calculating bias (percentage prediction error [PE%]) and precision (percentage root mean squared error [RMSE%]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-seven ALL children participated in the study (18 males, median age 5.1 years, range 1.7-15.2 years), and six external POP/PK models were chosen. Except for one model (median PE% value, -97.45%), all models exhibited acceptable bias (median PE% values, -4.17%-2.67%), despite none of them demonstrating good precision (median RMSE% values, 89.19%-120.40%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>External models should be accurately evaluated before they are implemented in clinical practice, even when patients share very similar characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"109-118"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryoablation Combined with Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Inhibitor Pembrolizumab for Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Li Wang, Kai Yang, Xinxin Xie, Hailiang Wei, Pengli Wang, Shaohui Wang, Pengli Wang","doi":"10.1159/000545185","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000545185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cryoablation combined with pembrolizumab treatment versus cryoablation alone in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted from February 2018 to October 2021. A total of 90 patients with NSCLC (AJCC stage IIIB/IV) were included, with 36 patients receiving cryoablation combined with pembrolizumab (group A) and 54 patients receiving cryoablation alone (group B). The primary outcome measures included objective response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS), immune responses, and adverse events serving as secondary endpoints. Risk factors for OS and PFS were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No treatment-related deaths were observed. Group A demonstrated a higher ORR (75.0% vs. 61.1%), longer median OS (28.1 months vs. 24.2 months), and longer median PFS (12.8 months vs. 8.4 months) compared to Group B. Additionally, group A showed significant increases in CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells, and elevated levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-6, TNF-β, and interferon-γ. The multivariate analysis showed the combination of cryoablation and pembrolizumab was an independent prognostic factor for OS and PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cryoablation combined with pembrolizumab significantly improves clinical outcomes in advanced NSCLC patients compared to cryoablation alone, highlighting the potential of this combination therapy in enhancing antitumor immunity and prolonging survival.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"126-136"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143623574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carnitine Levels Decrease during Oxaliplatin Infusion: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Lianne P W van Geffen, Floortje Mols, Veerle C M Geurts, Gerard Vreugdenhil","doi":"10.1159/000546614","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000546614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><p>Introduction: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy. Low carnitine levels might negatively affect the development of CIPN. However, little is known of the course of carnitine levels during and directly after chemotherapy administration. Intervention studies using carnitine to prevent CIPN were contradictory, possibly due to different timing and route of carnitine supplementation. Better understanding of carnitine courses might improve future studies. This study aimed to investigate whether oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy administration affects blood and urinary levels of carnitine. We hypothesized that oxaliplatin increases renal excretion of carnitine, thereby causing a carnitine deficiency, which might contribute to the development of CIPN.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten patients, starting their first cycle of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy, were enrolled in this observational pilot study. Blood and urinary samples were taken before, during and after infusion of oxaliplatin. Primary endpoints were changes in plasma and urinary concentrations of free carnitine and carnitine esters during administration of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study showed a significant decrease of both free carnitine and carnitine esters in plasma 2 h after the start of infusion of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Moreover, a non-significant increase in urine carnitine concentration was seen during the chemotherapy infusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The altered plasma and urinary concentrations of carnitine support our hypothesis that oxaliplatin causes increased renal excretion of carnitine, thereby lowering blood-carnitine levels and increasing urinary carnitine levels. With continued loss of carnitine over several chemotherapy cycles, this may result in the development of carnitine deficiency, which could contribute to the development of CIPN. These preliminary results provide a basis for hypothesis generation; larger longitudinal studies are required to confirm these findings and to determine the clinical relevance. </p>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"153-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12187101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144141677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}