Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"Downregulation of Rad51 Expression and Activity Potentiates the Cytotoxic Effect of Osimertinib in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells.","authors":"Jen-Chung Ko, Jyh-Cheng Chen, Ching-Hsiu Huang, Pei-Jung Chen, Qiao-Zhen Chang, Bo-Cheng Mu, Jun-Jie Chen, Tzu-Yuan Tai, Kasumi Suzuki, Yi-Xuan Wang, Yun-Wei Lin","doi":"10.1159/000540867","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Osimertinib (AZD9291) is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has shown significant clinical benefits in patients with EGFR-sensitizing mutations or the EGFR T790M mutation. The homologous recombination (HR) pathway is crucial for repairing DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Rad51 plays a central role in HR, facilitating the search for homology and promoting DNA strand exchange between homologous DNA molecules. Rad51 is overexpressed in numerous types of cancer cells. B02, a specific small molecule inhibitor of Rad51, inhibits the DNA strand exchange activity of Rad51. Previous studies have indicated that B02 disrupted Rad51 foci formation in response to DNA damage and inhibited DSBs repair in human cells and sensitized them to chemotherapeutic drugs in vitro and in vivo. However, the potential therapeutic effects of combining osimertinib with a Rad51 inhibitor are not well understood. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether the downregulation of Rad51 expression and activity can enhance the osimertinib-induced cytotoxicity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used the MTS, trypan blue dye exclusion and colony-formation ability assay to determine whether osimertinib alone or in combination with B02 had cytotoxic effects on NSCLC cell lines. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure the amounts of Rad51 mRNA. The protein levels of phosphorylated AKT and Rad51 were determined by Western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that osimertinib reduced Rad51 expression by inactivating AKT activity. Rad51 knockdown using small interfering RNA or AKT inactivation through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or si-AKT RNA transfection enhanced the cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects of osimertinib. In contrast, AKT-CA (a constitutively active form of AKT) vector-enforced expression could mitigate the cytotoxic and cell growth inhibitory effects of osimertinib. Furthermore, B02 significantly enhanced the cytotoxic and cell growth inhibitory effects of osimertinib in NSCLC cells. Compared to parental cells, the activation of AKT and Rad51 expression in osimertinib-resistant cells could not be significantly inhibited by osimertinib treatment. Moreover, the increased expression of Rad51 is associated with the resistance mechanism in osimertinib-resistant H1975 and A549 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, the downregulation of Rad51 expression and activity enhances the cytotoxic effect of osimertinib in human NSCLC cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated Infection Caused by Nocardia cyriacigeorgica in Immunocompromised Patient Confirmed by Whole Genome Sequencing.","authors":"Dijana Varda Brkić, Jakša Babel, Ana Budimir, Iva Butić, Marija Gužvinec, Dragan Jurić, Ivana Ferenčak, Selma Bošnjak, Ivana Mareković","doi":"10.1159/000539977","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Nocardia spp. is an opportunistic pathogen capable of causing localized and disseminated infections in immunocompromised hosts. It is critical for serious infections to have an early and accurate identification of this pathogen in order to enable timely and focused combination antimicrobial treatment.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe the case of an 87-year-old patient previously treated for myasthenia gravis with corticosteroids and azathioprine. Patient was admitted at the emergency department with clinical signs of sepsis with cellulitis of right hand associated with injury acquired after gardening and trimming roses and did not respond to empirical antimicrobial treatment. Computerized tomography revealed pulmonary infiltrates with inflammatory etiology. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica was cultivated from blood culture, skin swab, abscess aspirate, and endotracheal aspirate and identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), 16S rRNA sequencing, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Susceptibility testing was performed with E-test (bioMerieux, Marcy-l'Étoile, France), and corresponding resistance genes were detected by WGS. Resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin was detected by both methods. Despite all interventions and the patient receiving antimicrobial treatment including imipenem-cilastatin, amikacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the course and outcome of infection were unfavorable.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We would like to emphasize the need to consider the possibility of disseminated Nocardia infection in immunocompromised patients, especially in patients receiving long-term corticosteroid treatment with skin infections and/or cavitary lung lesions, especially if these do not improve with standard antimicrobial treatment. Precise species identity provides a critical guide for physicians in the choice of targeted treatment. Thanks to MALDI-TOF MS, Nocardia spp. identification is now available in routine lab work. WGS is still inevitable for the identification of uncommon and novel species due to the high sequence similarities between closely related species and the genetic diversity of that genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141916140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Pembrolizumab in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Cancer and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer.","authors":"Jingyun Yang, Weisheng Luo, Xiaocong Ma, Yinhang Cui, Jiacheng Xie, Chengzhen Pan, Ziyao Chen, Shuang Yang","doi":"10.1159/000540071","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Pembrolizumab has been approved for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer (GC) and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer. However, the results of several clinical trials are not entirely consistent, and the dominant population of first-line immunotherapy for advanced GC/GEJ still needs to be precisely determined.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced GC/GEJ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted computerized searches across multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase. We established the inclusion criteria to comprise randomized clinical trials examining the efficacy of pembrolizumab in late-stage GC/GCJ cancer. We conducted a meta-analysis of outcome measures using STATA 14.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of six studies involving 1,448 cases were included in this analysis. The results of the meta-analysis indicate that, when compared to chemotherapy, patients in the pembrolizumab group experienced a significant reduction in the risk of mortality in terms of overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.79, p &lt; 0.01). In terms of progression-free survival (PFS), pembrolizumab was associated with a similar PFS as compared to chemotherapy (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.73-1.07, p = 0.206). Subgroup analyses based on PD-L1 expression levels indicated a significantly longer PFS with pembrolizumab in subgroups of patients with PD-L1 CPS ≥10 but not in those with PD-L1 CPS ≥1 and PD-L1 CPS ≥5. Subgroup analyses based on distinct geographical regions revealed a comparable effect of PFS in patients residing in Asia or the USA Subgroup analysis based on tumor sites consistently demonstrated a similar effect of PFS in patients with EC/GEJ tumors and GC patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings demonstrated that pembrolizumab led to a significant extension in OS and objective response rate, along with a favorable tolerability profile compared to chemotherapy. Furthermore, the observed survival benefits were particularly pronounced in subgroup patients with a CPS of ≥10. Given the potential limitations inherent in our study, it is imperative to underscore the necessity for further large-scale RCTs to corroborate our results.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141554272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful Isavuconazole Treatment for Pulmonary Mucormycosis in a Patient Intolerant to Liposomal Amphotericin B with Pharmacokinetic Insights: A Case Report.","authors":"Takeo Yasu, Makoto Hoshino, Naoya Sakamoto, Masayuki Kobayashi","doi":"10.1159/000539652","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mucormycosis presents a diagnostic challenge characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates due to its swift and pervasive nature, which leads to extensive tissue destruction and dissemination. Immunocompromised individuals, notably those with hematological malignancies, are at a heightened risk. First-line antifungal agents include liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), posaconazole, and isavuconazole (IVZ), which offer advantages, such as minimal drug interactions and a favorable safety profile. However, the necessity and efficacy of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of IVZ remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report a successful case of IVZ therapy in a patient who was intolerant of L-AMB, highlighting the efficacy and pharmacokinetics of IVZ in treating pulmonary mucormycosis. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed steady plasma IVZ concentrations, emphasizing the importance of monitoring IVZ levels, particularly in patients undergoing renal replacement therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the efficacy of IVZ therapy for mucormycosis and the potential utility of TDM in a specific patient population. Further research is needed to elucidate the optimal IVZ dosing and monitoring strategies to ensure safe and efficacious treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141330479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent Use of Abemaciclib and Radiotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients: A Single-Center Experience.","authors":"Edy Ippolito, Francesco Pantano, Sonia Silipigni, Rita Alaimo, Jessica Infante, Elena Onorati, Claudia Talocco, Carlo Greco, Michele Fiore, Marco Donato, Giuseppe Tonini, Rolando Maria D'Angelillo, Sara Ramella","doi":"10.1159/000538847","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>There is little evidence regarding the safety and efficacy of the combination of abemaciclib plus radiotherapy (RT). The majority of studies investigated the combination of RT with palbociclib or ribociclib reporting that hematological toxicity is common. Given the unique toxicity profile of abemaciclib with greater gastrointestinal toxicity compared to hematological toxicity, we wanted to evaluate the toxicity of the combination with RT in metastatic breast cancer (BC) patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients with histologically proven metastatic or locally advanced BC treated with RT and concurrent abemaciclib were selected. Toxicity was assessed according to the NCI-CTCAE V4.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-two metastatic sites were treated in 19 patients and analyzed. All patients received abemaciclib during the RT course. A total of 68% of patients received a full dose of abemaciclib during RT. Also, 71.9% of patients received a palliative intent (median dose = 30 Gy, range = 8-30 Gy), and 26.3% were treated for 9 oligo-metastatic or oligo-progressive sites of disease with stereotactic body RT (median dose = 30 Gy, range 21-30 Gy, given in 3-5 fractions). Overall, the rate of G3 toxicity was 15.7%. The rate of G3 hematological toxicity was 10.6% (2/19 patients, one G3 neutropenia and one G3 anemia). No patient presented diarrhea, including those treated for RT sites close to the bowel. One patient developed G3 skin toxicity. Pain significantly improved after RT (mean value NRS pre-RT = 3.9, SD = 3.07; mean value NRS after RT = 0.9, SD = 0.46; p &lt; 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Abemaciclib and concomitant RT seem well tolerated showing acceptable toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141300152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Study of SRSF1 Regulates Abnormal Alternative Splicing of BCL2L11 and the Role in Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia.","authors":"Qirong Wang, Yu Duan, Zhifang Zan, Kai Yang, Jinjuan Wang, Fengfeng Jia, Yanhong Tan, Hongwei Wang, Li Li","doi":"10.1159/000539414","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Abnormalities in splicing factors, such as mutations or deregulated expression, can lead to aberrant splicing of target genes, potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Despite this, the precise mechanism underlying the abnormal alternative splicing (AS) induced by SRSF1, a splicing factor associated with poor AML prognosis, remains elusive.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using strict splicing criteria, we globally screened for AS events in NPMc-positive and NPMc-negative AML samples from TCGA. An AS network associated with AML prognosis was then established. Functional assays, including CCK-8, flow cytometry, and Western blot, were conducted on K562 and THP-1 cells overexpressing SRSF1. Cell viability following 72-h Omipalisib treatment was also assessed. To explore the mechanism of SRSF1-induced AS, we created a BCL2L11 miniGene with a site-specific mutation at its branch point. The AS patterns of both wild-type and mutant miniGenes were analyzed following SRSF1 overexpression in HEK-293T, along with the subcellular localization of different spliceosomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SRSF1 was significantly associated with AML prognosis. Notably, its expression was markedly upregulated in refractory AML patients compared to those with a favorable chemotherapy response. Overexpression of SRSF1 promoted THP-1 cell proliferation, suppressed apoptosis, and reduced sensitivity to Omipalisib. Mechanistically, SRSF1 recognized an aberrant branch point within the BCL2L11 intron, promoting the inclusion of a cryptic exon 3, which in turn led to apoptosis arrest.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overexpression of SRSF1 and the resulting abnormal splicing of BCL2L11 are associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis in AML.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141064304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-Analysis on the Therapeutic Effect of Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization Combined with Portal Vein Embolization.","authors":"Xin-Jie Liu, Ping-Wei Song, Li-Gang Wang, Hai-Ning Zou, Lin-Lin Zhang","doi":"10.1159/000539347","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to conduct a systematic review to explore the therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) combined with portal vein embolization (PVE) for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Chinese and English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP database) were searched from database inception to August 15, 2023. Studies comparing TACE combined with PVE versus TACE alone for patients with HCC were included. The degree of heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics and a Q test. The effect size was represented by risk ratio and mean difference (MD), and the effect size range was estimated using a 95% confidence interval (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight eligible studies were included in the systematic review, involving 689 participants. The results showed that the future liver residual (FLR) of patients treated with TACE combined with PVE was significantly higher than that of those treated with PVE alone (MD = 3.99%; 95% CI: 1.03-6.94). Furthermore, compared with PVE alone, TACE combined with PVE had a positive effect on disease-free survival (odds ratio [OR] = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.20-3.88), recurrence rate (OR = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.07-9.42), and complications (OR = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.30-0.96). There was no statistically significant impact on mortality with TACE combined with PVE treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combination of TACE with PVE can significantly reduce the FLR of patients with HCC, with higher disease-free survival, lower recurrence rate, and fewer complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141154576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hammersmith Score Optimises Patient Selection and Predicts for Overall Survival in Early-Phase Cancer Trial Participants Independent of Tumour Burden.","authors":"James Alexander Korolewicz, Bernhard Scheiner, Claudia A M Fulgenzi, Antonio D'Alessio, Alessio Cortellini, Chynna Pascual, Aman Mehan, Sarah Partridge, Dorothy M Gujral, Waleed Mohammed, Oreoluwa Mohammed, Aneta Grzesiak, Lauren Booker, Susan Cleator, Tzveta Pokrovska, Waqar Saleem, James Rackie, Yasmine Needham, Jonathan Krell, Iain McNeish, Laura Tookman, Won-Ho Edward Park, Muzamil Asif, Joanne S Evans, David J Pinato","doi":"10.1159/000539109","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>As tumour response rates are increasingly demonstrated in early-phase cancer trials (EPCT), optimal patient selection and accurate prognostication are paramount. Hammersmith Score (HS), a simple prognostic index derived on routine biochemical measures (albumin &lt;35 g/L, lactate dehydrogenase &gt;450 IU/L, sodium &lt;135 mmol/L), is a validated predictor of response and survival in EPCT participants. HS has not been validated in the cancer immunotherapy era.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analysed characteristics and outcomes of unselected referrals to our early-phase unit (12/2019-12/2022). Independent predictors for overall survival (OS) were identified from univariable and multivariable models. HS was calculated for 66 eligible trial participants and compared with the Royal Marsden Score (RMS) to predict OS. Multivariable logistic regression and C-index was used to compare predictive ability of prognostic models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 212 referrals, 147 patients were screened and 82 patients treated in EPCT. Prognostic stratification by HS identifies significant difference in median OS, and HS was confirmed as a multivariable predictor for OS (HR: HS 1 vs. 0 2.51, 95% CI: 1.01-6.24, p = 0.049; HS 2/3 vs. 0: 10.32, 95% CI: 2.15-49.62, p = 0.004; C-index 0.771) with superior multivariable predictive ability than RMS (HR: RMS 2 vs. 0/1 5.46, 95% CI: 1.12-26.57, p = 0.036; RMS 3 vs. 0/1 6.83, 95% CI: 1.15-40.53, p &lt; 0.001; C-index 0.743).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HS is a validated prognostic index for patients with advanced cancer treated in the context of modern EPCTs, independent of tumour burden. HS is a simple, inexpensive prognostic tool to optimise referral for EPCT.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140847152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of CYP2A6 Gene Polymorphism on the Efficacy and Safety of S-1 Therapy in Patients with Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Tao Dong, Yuanyuan Gu","doi":"10.1159/000538769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538769","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION\u0000The relationship of CYP2A6 polymorphisms with S-1 therapy outcomes in gastric cancer is unclear. This review aims to assess the association between CYP2A6 gene polymorphisms (CYP2A6*4, *7, *9, *10) and S-1 therapy outcomes in gastric cancer, aiming to identify predictive markers for S-1 efficacy and adverse reactions.\u0000\u0000\u0000METHODS\u0000We searched seven databases, using random or fixed effect models to calculate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) based on study heterogeneity.\u0000\u0000\u0000RESULTS\u0000A total of 1143 articles were retrieved from multiple online databases as of March 28, 2023. After screening, seven articles containing seven investigations were included in the meta-analysis. Our results revealed a significant association between the CYP2A6 polymorphism site and the overall survival (OS) of V/V patients compared to W/W or W/V patients (HR=2.73, 95%CI:1.45-5.14, P=0.002). S-1 was more beneficial for W/W or W/V patients than V/V patients in terms of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) (HR=3.15,95%CI:1.47-6.75, P=0.003). There was no association between CYP2A6 polymorphism and hematological adverse reactions (OR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.23-1.15, P=0.104).\u0000\u0000\u0000CONCLUSION\u0000CYP2A6 polymorphisms correlate with S-1 efficacy (OS, PFS) in gastric cancer, suggesting their potential as predictive markers. However, the generalizability of findings is limited by the small number of studies from Eastern countries and variations in chemotherapy regimens and detection methods. Further large-scale studies are needed to confirm these associations.","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140719583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography in Relapsed/Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Practical Approach.","authors":"Valeria Tomarchio, Luigi Rigacci","doi":"10.1159/000533766","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Positron emission tomography (PET) with the use of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), implemented with low-dosage computer tomography, is to be considered as the most important evolution of imaging in the management and assessment of classical Hodgkin lymphoma patients.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>According to Lugano response criteria, FDG-PET is mandatory to define metabolic response to frontline therapy and moreover it is important in the definition of nonresponders or refractory disease patients. Refractory disease is reported in about 15% of patients, with some variations based on the choice of first-line chemotherapy, and particularly in advanced stages, up to 40% eventually relapse within 3 years.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>The aim of this review was to highlight a practical way to use FDG-PET in the subset of HL, with some notes of its use in first-line patients, and particularly centered on relapsed or refractory setting with a final focus of the evaluation of response by FDG-PET in the new treatment era of immunocheckpoint inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":10047,"journal":{"name":"Chemotherapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10898808/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10242171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}