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Ionization instability in non-equilibrium MHD generators 非平衡MHD发电机的电离不稳定性
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90025-0
M.S. Sodha , S.C. Kaushik , R.P. Sharma , B.K. Gupta, B.K. Sawhney
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引用次数: 4
Radiation effects on high efficiency silicon solar cells 辐射对高效硅太阳能电池的影响
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90023-7
W. Luft
{"title":"Radiation effects on high efficiency silicon solar cells","authors":"W. Luft","doi":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90023-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7480(77)90023-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The performance of 10 cell types from 3 manufacturers shows non-irradiated, glass-covered cell efficiencies ranging from 10.3 to 13.6% after prolonged photon illumination for cells having thicknesses from 215 to 370 μm.</p><p>Efficiencies after irradiation by 1-MeV electrons to a fluence of 10<sup>15</sup> e/cm<sup>2</sup> ranged from 8.0 to 9.2%. The degradation in power output as a result of 10<sup>15</sup> e/cm<sup>2</sup> irradiation ranged from 31 to 32% for cells with a 2 ohm-cm base resistivity and from 28 to 30% for 10 ohm-cm cells. Cells having a P<sup>+</sup> back surface field showed the highest degradation in each resistivity group.</p><p>Only a cell group using float-zone material showed significant photon degradation after electron irradiation. All other cell types showed annealing of electron irradiation damage of up to 5% after 3 × 10<sup>15</sup> e/cm<sup>2</sup> irradiation.</p><p>The solar absorptance for the high efficiency cells ranges from 0.78 to 0.93.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100466,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion","volume":"16 4","pages":"Pages 159-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-7480(77)90023-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137289134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forthcoming papers in energy conversion 即将发表的关于能量转换的论文
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90031-6
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引用次数: 0
Determination of solar cell equation parameters from empirical data 从经验数据确定太阳能电池方程参数
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90050-X
A. Braunstein, J. Bany, J. Appelbaum
{"title":"Determination of solar cell equation parameters from empirical data","authors":"A. Braunstein,&nbsp;J. Bany,&nbsp;J. Appelbaum","doi":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90050-X","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90050-X","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The determination of the solar cell equation parameters (<em>I–V</em> characteristic) from experimental data was achieved by the least square method, where all data points were considered. The five parameters of the cell equation were transformed to a three parameter equation, resulting in a simplified solution. In the fitting procedure of the calculated <em>I–V</em> characteristic to the experimentally measured points, the errors of the instrumentation were taken into account. The shunt resistance appeared to be important for a desired fitting accuracy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100466,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-7480(77)90050-X","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85393355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
List of contents to volume 17 and author index 第17卷的目录和作者索引
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90001-8
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引用次数: 0
Solar energy and the steam Rankine cycle for driving and assisting heat pumps in heating and cooling modes 太阳能和蒸汽朗肯循环驱动和辅助热泵加热和冷却模式
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90035-3
Noam Lior
{"title":"Solar energy and the steam Rankine cycle for driving and assisting heat pumps in heating and cooling modes","authors":"Noam Lior","doi":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90035-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90035-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Various methods for reducing the purchased, resource energy consumption of vapor-compression heat pumps in both heating and cooling modes are analyzed and compared to conventional systems. The results are presented in detailed system analysis curves for the relevant range of major design parameters. One of the methods studied is the application of a solar-powered, fuel-superheated Rankine cycle incorporating a steam turbine. This cycle would drive the heat pump in the cooling mode. Fuel-fired, it would drive the heat pump in the heating mode, with system performance augmented by utilizing the waste heat from the cycle, as well as by solar energy.</p><p>In the cooling mode, resource energy savings of 50–60% are obtained. In the heating mode, resource energy use is reduced 3 to 4 fold.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100466,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion","volume":"16 3","pages":"Pages 111-123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-7480(77)90035-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87506760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 54
On the relation between insolation and climatological variables—IV. Construction of a model year of solar intensity and climate 日照量与气候变量的关系——ⅳ。太阳强度和气候模型年的建立
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90065-1
Donald Rapp, A.A.J. Hoffman
{"title":"On the relation between insolation and climatological variables—IV. Construction of a model year of solar intensity and climate","authors":"Donald Rapp,&nbsp;A.A.J. Hoffman","doi":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90065-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90065-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Proper design and sizing of a solar energy heating and/or cooling system involves an assessment of the local availability of solar energy and its relationship to local climate.</p><p>A study is made of availability of solar energy at Fort Hood, Texas for the period 1961–1969. Hourly values of climatological variables were obtained from the National Climatic Center. These are combined with correlations of solar intensity with cloud cover and visibility to obtain hourly estimates of total insolation and normal incidence solar intensity. Monthly totals are calculated for each of the 108 months in 1961–1969, and average monthly solar intensities are obtained. For each month of the year, the month in the 1961–1969 period that most closely approximated the average solar intensities, as well as the average heating and cooling degree-days, is chosen to prepare an average model year. This average has hourly values of solar intensities as well as climatological variables. Hourly models are also prepared for the worst winter and summer months in the period. Finally, a study is made of correlations of solar availability with degree-days. It is found that there is very little correlation in winter, but in summer sunny days are highly correlated with hot days.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100466,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-7480(77)90065-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91407834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
On the theory of crude oil prices—II. Price elasticity of crude oil reserves 原油价格理论研究2。原油储量的价格弹性
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90079-1
Bijan Mossavar-Ramani, Jesse C. Denton
{"title":"On the theory of crude oil prices—II. Price elasticity of crude oil reserves","authors":"Bijan Mossavar-Ramani,&nbsp;Jesse C. Denton","doi":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90079-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-7480(77)90079-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>If recent trends are continued, the price of crude oil will be a strong driving force in changing the practice of energy conversion. This paper discusses the price elasticity of crude oil reserves. Following a presentation of an overview of historical crude oil prices at the well-head and proved reserves, correlations are examined between average well-head price and proved reserves by examining the impacts of price on the three basic industry operations: extraction, development and exploration. Within a given range, bound by natural and geological constraints, the inventory of proved reserves is price elastic. A market-induced increase in price, unrelated to rising costs, provides further incentives for the exploration of oil, finances improved engineering research and practices, permits greater average well depth, increases total number of producing wells drilled, and enhances quantities of commercially accessible oil in the wells. Thus, upward movement of price can serve to augment, and in a special sense, to generate recoverable oil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100466,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion","volume":"17 2","pages":"Pages 85-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-7480(77)90079-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91727727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Forthcoming papers in energy conversion 即将发表的关于能量转换的论文
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90084-5
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引用次数: 0
On the theory of crude oil prices—III. Implications of incorporating opportunity costs 原油价格理论研究3。纳入机会成本的影响
Energy Conversion Pub Date : 1977-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/0013-7480(77)90063-8
Bijan Mossavar-Ramani, Jesse C. Denton
{"title":"On the theory of crude oil prices—III. Implications of incorporating opportunity costs","authors":"Bijan Mossavar-Ramani,&nbsp;Jesse C. Denton","doi":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90063-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/0013-7480(77)90063-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>If recent trends are continued, the price of crude oil will be a strong driving force in changing the practice of energy conversion. The first paper in this series discussed the inclusion of an opportunity cost to a state or nation in the price of crude oil. The second paper discussed the price elasticity of crude oil reserves and concluded that a market-induced increase in price, unrelated to rising traditional costs, leads to increased proved reserves in a range governed by natural and geological constraints. This paper discusses some implications of incorporating opportunity costs into the price of crude oil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100466,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 159-162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1977-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/0013-7480(77)90063-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85266516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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