Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control最新文献

{"title":"Eye movement abnormalities in myotonic dstrophy","authors":"M Versino,&nbsp;A Romani,&nbsp;R Bergamaschi,&nbsp;R Callieco,&nbsp;S Scolari,&nbsp;R Poli,&nbsp;S Lanfranchi,&nbsp;G Sandrini,&nbsp;V Cosi","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00082-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00082-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>We studied saccade and </span>smooth pursuit eye movements<span><span> in 31 patients suffering from myotonic dstrophy (MD). On the basis of mean value comparisons, saccades were slower and hypometric and smooth pursuit eye movements performed worse in MD patients than in controls. On an individual basis, saccade duration was prolonged in 67.7%, saccades were hypometric in 19.4%, saccade latency was delayed in 9.7%, and the smooth pursuit performance index was decreased in 9.7% of patients. Eye movement abnormalities did not correlate with those detectable by visual, brain-stem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials. We attempted to classify eye movement abnormalities as myogenic or neurogenic on the basis of differences in combination of eye movement abnormalities and the occurrence of D5/D35 dissociation; the latter consists of a prolonged duration for large (35°) but not for small (5°) saccades. Since D5/D35 dissociation occurred in 26/33 multiple sclerosis patients with increased saccade duration, we considered it to be a neurogenic pattern attributable to a </span>central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. A prolonged duration without dissociation especially in combination with saccade </span></span>hypometria, is interpreted as a myogenic pattern, although the lack of dissociation may also occur with CNS impairment in case of a marked increase in saccade duration. Accordingly we classified the oculomotor abnormalities detected as neurogenic in 11 MD patients and as myogenic in another 10, but in some subjects belonging to the second group concomitant CNS impairment is not to be excluded.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 2","pages":"Pages 184-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00082-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20654729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of chronic administration of l-DOPA on event-related desynchronization of mu rhythm preceding voluntary movement in Parkinson's disease","authors":"L Defebvre ,&nbsp;J.L Bourriez ,&nbsp;Ph Derambure ,&nbsp;A Duhamel ,&nbsp;J.D Guieu ,&nbsp;A Destee","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00085-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00085-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The spatiotemporal pattern of event-related desynchronization (ERD) during the motor preparation period preceding a self-paced voluntary wrist-flexion was compared in two groups of 10 right and 10 left hemiparkinsonian patients, before and after chronic administration of </span><span>l</span><span>-DOPA. ERD was computed in the 9–11 Hz frequency band from 11 source derivations covering the medial frontocentral, central and parietocentral areas, during two successive left and right experimental conditions (100 self-paced wrist flexions). In the two groups ERD appeared with a shorter latency over the contralateral primary sensorimotor area, when the movements were performed with the akinetic hand. After </span><span>l</span><span>-DOPA administration, earlier ERD onset before the movement was observed in both groups over the contralateral and ipsilateral central and parietocentral areas. A medial frontocentral ERD distribution was also observed before the onset of movement, especially in the right hemiparkinsonian group. Delayed ERD onset, which shows that programming of movement is affected in Parkinson's disease, may be partially corrected by </span><span>l</span>-DOPA therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 2","pages":"Pages 161-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00085-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20656110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A simple method for recording motor evoked potentials of lingual muscles to transcranial magnetic and peripheral electrical stimulation1","authors":"A Ghezzi,&nbsp;S Baldini","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00008-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00008-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Motor evoked potentials were recorded from lingual muscles by means of clip electrodes applied on the lateral side of the tongue, following </span>transcranial magnetic stimulation and peripheral </span>electrical stimulation of the 12th cranial nerve at the mandible jaw. Using a circular coil, the stimulation of the cerebral cortex elicited a response of about 8 ms: its amplitude was higher in the right tongue placing the coil over the </span>contralateral hemisphere, 4 cm from the vertex, with coil currents flowing counterclockwise. Coil position and current flow direction did not significantly modify the characteristics of responses recorded from the left side. The separate stimulation of either hemisphere was better obtained using an 8-shaped coil. The latency of the motor response measured 7.7–8.0 ms, the amplitude was greater on stimulation of the contralateral than the ipsilateral hemisphere and was larger recording from the right (3.3±1.1 mV) than from the left (1.2±0.7 mV) side.</p><p>Positioning the circular coil over the parieto-occipital skull, a response of 4.1±0 3 ms was obtained, reflecting the intracranial activation of the hypoglossal nerve. The peripheral stimulation at the mandible elicited a response of 3.2±0.5 ms. The method described appears simple and reliable, potentially helpful in clinical practice.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 2","pages":"Pages 114-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00008-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20655592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Locomotor training in paraplegic patients: a new approach to assess changes in leg muscle EMG patterns","authors":"Th Erni,&nbsp;G Colombo","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00005-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00005-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This study describes an amplitude independent assessment of changes in leg muscle EMG patterns in both complete and incomplete paraplegic patients during the course of locomotor training. The approach expresses the change as an approximation of the patients' gait EMG pattern compared with that of healthy subjects. The variation ratio (</span><em>VR</em>), coefficient of variation (<em>CV</em>) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (<em>R</em>), are used as measures of the dissimilarity/similarity of a set of wave forms. These parameters were evaluated for their ability to assess changes in the EMG pattern of the patients with respect to that of healthy subjects. The VR showed the best correlation to our data and was therefore considered to represent the optimum variable in the assessment of changes in EMG patterns.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 2","pages":"Pages 135-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00005-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20656107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waveform and habituation of sympathetic skin response","authors":"Minoru Toyokura","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00004-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00004-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The aim of this study was to investigate the relation of sympathetic skin response (SSR) waveform variation to latency, amplitude, and habituation. Twenty SSRs were recorded from the palm skins of 50 normal subjects by electrical stimulations. Reproducibility of SSR waveforms was also evaluated (</span><em>n</em>=35). Waveforms were classified as one of two types, namely, the P type, in which the positive component was larger than the negative, and the N type, in which the negative component was larger than the positive. During successive stimulations, 14 of the 50 subjects had only P type waveforms (P pattern), 9 others only the N type (N pattern), and the remaining 27 both the P and N types (M pattern). The P pattern had a larger amplitude and shorter latency than the N pattern. Twenty-seven of the 35 subjects had the same SSR pattern in two tests conducted on different days. Habituation with time was more pronounced for the M pattern than for the other two patterns. It was suggested that changes in SSR waveform during successive stimulations reflected habituation. Most subjects with the M pattern had a distinct attribute in the development of habituation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 2","pages":"Pages 178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00004-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20656112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Number and relative size of thenar motor units in ALS patients: application of the adapted multiple point stimulation method","authors":"F.C Wang,&nbsp;P.J Delwaide","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00071-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00071-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>In the present study, the adapted multiple point stimulation (AMPS) method was first applied to median innervated thenar muscles in 22 </span>amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients who did not received any treatment. In all patients, a motor unit number estimate (MUNE) and an average surface-recorded motor unit action potential (S-MUAP) size have been derived even if the denervation was severe; and the results were reproducible. The thenar MUNE was less than the normal lower limit for age in 17 patients, and the mean MUNE (67.1±90.6) was significantly different from that estimated in control subjects (263.3±116.8). The mean S-MUAP size in the 22 ALS patients was 352.9±328.4 </span><em>μ</em>V·ms versus 94.1±30.3 <em>μ</em>V·ms in healthy volunteers. A control AMPS was achieved in 8 patients after 2 and 6 months of a glutamate-release antagonist (riluzole) treatment. The mean loss of motor units, based on control thenar MUNEs realized after 6 months of treatment, was 53%. In conclusion, we propose AMPS as a manageable, reproducible and non-invasive procedure which permits one to quantify peripheral denervation and to appreciate the effectiveness of collateral reinnervation in ALS patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 1","pages":"Pages 36-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00071-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21835029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phasic and tonic reflexes evoked in human antagonistic wrist muscles by tendon vibration","authors":"F.W.J Cody,&nbsp;Natasha C Henley,&nbsp;Lisa Parker,&nbsp;Gillian Turner","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00063-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00063-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The electromyographic reflex responses of the voluntarily contracting wrist flexor and extensor muscles to periods of vibration-evoked enhanced, Ia-dominated afferent discharge from flexor carpi radialis (FCR) were studied in normal human subjects. Three main response phases were characterised, namely, (i) phasic `on' responses elicited at the commencement of stimulation, (ii) tonic response levels occurring during prolonged stimulation and (iii) phasic `off' responses elicited at the termination of stimulation. The phasic `on' reflex responses of FCR and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) comprised, respectively, a peak of autogenetic excitation of group mean latency 18.8 ms and a trough of reciprocal inhibition of group mean latency 38.0 ms. Prolonged (2 s) trains of FCR (agonist) vibration evoked a phase of tonic reflex excitation in FCR whose mean level was significantly increased, by 20%, above pre-stimulus activity and which did not change over the 0.5–2.0 s vibration period. Progressive reduction of the duration (from 2000 ms to 100 ms) of vibration trains demonstrated that phasic disfacilitatory `off' troughs regularly occurred, with a consistent latency (mean 24.2 ms), on withdrawal of each period of enhanced Ia-input. This indicates that the responsible excitatory reflex mechanism was operational for the entire duration of each of the vibration periods tested. The extra latency (on average 5.4 ms) of phasic `off' relative to `on' responses may be attributed to factors (e.g. 5–10 ms duration of unitary muscle action potentials and </span>afterdischarge in reflex pathways) which inevitably delay the appearance of overt disfacilitatory reductions in EMG rather than the involvement of different reflex pathways. Thus, short-latency, possibly monosynaptic, reflex excitation contributed throughout the entire tonic excitatory response. Sustained FCR (antagonist) vibration produced a significant tonic reciprocal inhibitory reflex depression, by 7% pre-stimulus EMG, of ECR activity which remained steady during the 0.5–2.0 s vibration period. The absence of well-defined phasic disinhibitory `off' responses in ECR suggests that the contribution of oligosynaptic reflex inhibitory mechanisms to the tonic suppression of activity occurring during continuing vibration is relatively small.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 1","pages":"Pages 24-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00063-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21835028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soleus H-reflex to S1 nerve root stimulation","authors":"Yu Zhu ,&nbsp;Arnold Starr ,&nbsp;Scott Haldeman ,&nbsp;Jay K Chu ,&nbsp;Richard A Sugerman","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00058-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00058-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>H-reflexes in normals were elicited by percutaneous electrical and magnetic stimulation of proximal nerve roots at the cauda equina. H-M interval to S1 nerve root stimulation at the level of the S1 foramen was 6.8±0.33 ms, with side to side difference of 0.16±0.13 ms. Compression/ischemia of the sciatic nerve in the mid-thigh abolished the H-reflex to stimulation of the tibial nerve at the popliteal fossa when the H-reflex to S1 nerve root stimulation was preserved. The length of the S1 nerve root in human cadavers was measured to be 17.5±03 cm, providing an estimated dorsal root conduction velocity of 67.3 m/s and a ventral root conduction velocity of 54 m/s. We conclude that the H-M interval to S1 root stimulation can provide reliable measures of conduction within the spinal canal including proximal afferents, anterior horn cells and ventral roots.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 1","pages":"Pages 10-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00058-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21835728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decrease in nerve temperature: a model for increased temporal dispersion","authors":"G.J.M Rutten,&nbsp;R.D.A Gaasbeek,&nbsp;H Franssen","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00049-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00049-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>A decrease in nerve temperature causes a proportional decrease in conduction velocity which, in percentage terms, is equal for all nerve fibers. The absolute decrease in conduction velocity is larger for faster conducting nerve fibers. This results in a compression and a shift to lower values of the conduction velocity distribution and an increase in temporal dispersion. The purpose of this study was to determine if these effects could be detected by a combination of two collision techniques designed to obtain the motor conduction velocity distribution and </span>refractory period<span> distribution. In 12 healthy volunteers we measured the conduction velocity distribution in the median nerve at nerve temperatures of 25 and 40°C. The results showed that our method could detect the predicted changes in conduction velocity distribution and temporal dispersion. We conclude that temperature change is a model that can be used to study temporal dispersion. This may be a first step towards distinguishing between the effects of conduction block and (abnormal) temporal dispersion in demyelinated nerve fibers.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 1","pages":"Pages 15-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00049-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21835729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetry of cortical excitability revealed by transcranial stimulation in a patient with focal motor epilepsy and cortical myoclonus","authors":"Maurizio Inghilleri ,&nbsp;Donatella Mattia ,&nbsp;Alfredo Berardelli ,&nbsp;Mario Manfredi","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00062-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00062-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>Motor cortex excitability was analyzed with transcranial stimulation in a patient with motor </span>focal epilepsy and cortical myoclonus originating from the right motor cortex. The motor threshold to single transcranial magnetic shocks, but not to electric stimuli, was higher in the epileptic motor cortex than the normal left motor cortex. Single magnetic shocks elicited a short cortical silent period (50 ms) in the epileptic motor cortex. Paired magnetic stimuli also showed reduced cortico-cortical inhibition. These findings reveal an asymmetry in </span>cortical excitability presumably due to impaired inhibition in the epileptic motor cortex</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 1","pages":"Pages 70-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(97)00062-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"21835033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}