Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control最新文献

{"title":"Delayed focal involvement of upper motor neurons in the Madras pattern of motor neuron disease","authors":"R Massa ,&nbsp;A Scalise ,&nbsp;C Iani ,&nbsp;M.G Palmieri ,&nbsp;G Bernardi","doi":"10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00029-7","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00029-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>We report the case of a young man from the south of India, initially presenting the typical signs of benign monomelic amyotrophy (BMA) in the left upper limb. After several years, the involvement of other limbs and the appearance of </span>bulbar signs<span><span> suggested the possible diagnosis of the Madras pattern of motor neuron disease (MMND). Serial </span>motor evoked potential<span> (MEP) recordings allowed detection of the onset of a focal involvement of upper motor neurons<span> (UMN) controlling innervation in the originally amyotrophic limb. Therefore, serial MEP recordings can be useful for the early detection of sub-clinical UMN damage in motor neuron disease presenting with pure lower motor neuron (LMN) signs.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 523-526"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00029-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galvanic stimulation evokes short-latency EMG responses in sternocleidomastoid which are abolished by selective vestibular nerve section","authors":"S.R.D. Watson ,&nbsp;P. Fagan ,&nbsp;J.G. Colebatch","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00033-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00033-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong>: To describe vestibulocollic responses in sternocleidomastoid (SCM) evoked by transmastoid galvanic (DC) stimulation.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong><span><span>: We studied the averaged responses in the unrectified EMG of SCM to transmastoid galvanic stimulation (5 mA/2 ms) and also to 100 dB clicks. Two patients with Meniere's disease were studied both before and after unilateral selective </span>vestibular nerve section.</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Transmastoid galvanic stimulation produced a positive-negative biphasic EMG response at short latency in the SCM ipsilateral to the side of cathode placement, which resembled that which followed vestibular activation by loud clicks (p13/n23). Selective unilateral vestibular nerve section abolished this galvanic-evoked response.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong><span>: Galvanic-evoked vestibulocollic responses can be recorded in SCM. This is a new method of studying vestibular reflex<span> function which may have application in the clinical assessment of vestibular disorders.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 471-474"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00033-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"H-reflex modulations during voluntary and automatic movements following upper motor neuron damage","authors":"Charles T. Leonard ,&nbsp;Pamela M. Diedrich ,&nbsp;Tamaki Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Toshio Moritani ,&nbsp;James A. McMillan","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00052-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00052-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objectives</strong><span><span>: It is not known whether similar mechanisms account for the impairments of voluntary movement and automatic postural responses of individuals with spasticity secondary to damage to the sensorimotor cortex and its projections (i.e. </span>upper motor neuron syndrome (UMN)).</span></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><span>: The present study examined changes in soleus H-reflexes preceding and during voluntary tibialis anterior (TA) muscle contraction of standing subjects and during balance platform induced postural perturbations that elicited similar TA muscle contractions. Twenty-two subjects (12 non-disabled; 4 with spastic-type cerebral palsy; 6 with adult-onset cerebral vascular accident) participated in the study. Data were analyzed using ANOVAs and Tukey HSD post-hoc comparison tests to assess the timing and magnitude of soleus H-reflex amplitude changes relative to the onset of TA muscle activation.</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Results indicated that, regardless of the level of TA activation, soleus H-reflexes of subjects with UMN involvement did not demonstrate inhibition either during voluntary movements or during automatic postural perturbations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong><span>: These findings indicate that postural reflexes, as well as volitional movements, are impaired following UMN damage and that deficits in neural pathways subserving reciprocal inhibition contribute to the impairments.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 475-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00052-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00057-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00057-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 531-538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00057-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137082040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced excitability of the cortico-spinal system during the warning period of a reaction time task","authors":"T. Touge ,&nbsp;J.L. Taylor ,&nbsp;J.C. Rothwell","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00050-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00050-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Seven subjects made a wrist flexion movement as rapidly as possible in response to a cutaneous shock on the opposite hand. In some trials, an auditory warning signal was given 0.5s beforehand. In random trials, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to elicit EMG responses (MEPs) in forearm flexor and extensor muscles 0–500ms before the cutaneous shock. H-reflexes were elicited in flexor muscles<span><span> at the same intervals. The warning stimulus reduced reaction time from about 400ms to 200ms. MEPs in the flexor muscles were significantly suppressed from 125ms after the warning stimulus until the time of the cutaneous shock whilst MEPs in the extensors, and H-reflexes in the flexor were either unaffected, or reduced by a smaller amount at a later time. Responses in relaxed contralateral muscles were unchanged. If the task was changed to a choice reaction, in which the imperative stimulus (but not the warning signal) indicated whether to flex or extend the wrist, then there was no change in the MEPs or H-reflex in the warning period. A similar effect was seen if the duration of the warning period was extended from 0.5 to 2s in a simple reaction (flexion) task. We conclude that increased excitability of the corticospinal output is not required to speed up reaction times. The time taken to discharge cortical output elements is relatively unimportant compared with the time needed to process the </span>sensory input and link it to the motor output.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 489-495"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00050-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00058-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00058-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 539-542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00058-7","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137082038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00056-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00056-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 527-530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00056-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137082039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can medical audit change electromyographic practice?","authors":"N.B Finnerup ,&nbsp;B Johnsen ,&nbsp;A Fuglsang-Frederiksen ,&nbsp;M de Carvalho ,&nbsp;P Fawcett ,&nbsp;R Liguori ,&nbsp;W Nix ,&nbsp;I Schofield ,&nbsp;A Vila","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00051-4","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00051-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Considerable variation in EMG practice has been described previously. Since 1992, 7 clinical neurophysiologists from 6 European countries prospectively collected electromyographic (EMG) examinations. The aim of this study was to examine whether several years of mutual influence among physicians using medical audit resulted in a more uniform EMG practice. We studied whether there was a change in the number of examinations per patient and the techniques used from the first 12 to the last 12 EMG examinations on patients with polyneuropathy. For F-wave studies and motor nerve studies, there was a clear change towards a more uniform practice. For sensory </span>nerve conduction studies and muscle studies, there were only minor changes. With regard to examination techniques, there was a reduction in the use of more time-consuming examination techniques (near-nerve sensory studies and quantitative muscle studies). It seems possible to change the EMG practice of individual physicians by international collaboration and medical audit. However, until now most changes have been minor and large differences in European EMG practices persist. The diversity of practices suggests a need for studies on the optimal application of existing examination techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 496-501"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00051-4","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body position can be monitored in 3D using miniature accelerometers and earth-magnetic field sensors","authors":"Bob Kemp,&nbsp;Ad J.M.W. Janssen,&nbsp;Bob van der Kamp","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00053-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00053-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objectives</strong><span>: The study and diagnosis of movement disorders can be improved by monitoring body position simultaneously with the EMG.</span><strong>Methods</strong>: We developed a monitor of the 3-dimensional (3D) orientation of body parts that can be applied in long-term ambulatory recordings in the daily life of a patient. The 3D sensor combines miniature sensors for earth's gravity and magnetism. It measures 60×50×10 mm and draws less than 1 mA of current from ±5 V battery power. The non-horizontal direction of earth magnetism, as well as torque (pronation) of the body part, is corrected mathematically.<strong>Results</strong>: This results in a measurement of the 3D orientation of a body part in terms of vertical inclination and horizontal azimuth.<strong>Conclusions</strong>: Calibration measurements indicate that this method is fairly accurate and practically applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 484-488"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00053-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditioning of the masseter inhibitory reflex by homotopically applied painful heat in humans1","authors":"O.K. Andersen ,&nbsp;P. Svensson ,&nbsp;J. Ellrich ,&nbsp;L. Arendt-Nielsen","doi":"10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00007-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00007-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>During contraction of the jaw-closing muscles, afferent input from the intraoral and perioral region can elicit two bilateral suppression periods (SP1 and SP2, respectively) in the masseter electromyogram (EMG). Non-painful electrical stimulation<span> 2 cm from the left labial commissure was used in the present study to evoke these trigeminal inhibitory reflexes. The subjects maintained a level of 50% of their maximum masseter EMG. The degree of suppression was quantified as the percentage suppression of the mean EMG activity in a fixed post-stimulus interval (SP2, 40–90 ms). Further, brief (200 ms) painful radiant heat conditioning stimuli were delivered to the ipsilateral cheek, in order to investigate the influence of nociceptive input on the (non-nociceptive) trigeminal masseter inhibitory reflex. Nine different conditions combining radiant heat and electrical stimuli were used. Twelve stimuli were presented for each condition. The radiant heat preceded the electrical test stimuli by fixed inter-stimulus intervals (ISI), ranging from 100 ms to 500 ms. At 250–350 ms ISIs, the bilateral SP2 suppression was significantly reduced to less than 10%, in comparison to an average suppression degree of 32.5% without conditioning stimuli. The subjects perceived the heat stimulus before the electrical stimulus for a majority of the 12 pairs of stimuli at these ISIs. No differences were found in the VAS ratings for the different conditions. For the </span></span>contralateral SP1, larger suppression was seen for the 300 ms ISI compared with stimulation without conditioning heat stimuli. Onset and offset for the SP1 was, however, only detected in three subjects using a criteria of 20% suppression of the pre-stimulus activity. A pre-pulse inhibitory effect onto inter-neurons in the SP2 pathways or habituation of the same inter-neurons by the heat stimuli are suggested as possible explanations for the interaction between the non-nociceptive and nociceptive input in the present study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 508-514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00007-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}