Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control最新文献

{"title":"Age-dependent changes in physiological threshold asymmetries for the motor evoked potential and silent period following transcranial magnetic stimulation","authors":"Kaoru Matsunaga,&nbsp;Takenori Uozumi,&nbsp;Sadatoshi Tsuji,&nbsp;Yoshiyuki Murai","doi":"10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00020-0","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00020-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective:</strong><span> To study the effect of age on the physiological threshold asymmetries for the motor evoked potential (MEP) and silent period (SP) following transcranial magnetic stimulation. </span><strong>Methods</strong><span>: We studied 63 right-handed subjects and 13 young left-handed subjects (19–39 years). The right-handers were classified into three age groups; 22 young (20–38 years), 20 middle-aged (40–58 years) and 21 old (61–82 years) subjects. We measured the MEP thresholds at rest and during voluntary contraction (VC), and the SP thresholds from the right and left abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles. We also measured the side to side differences of the F wave persistency and the F wave/M wave amplitude ratio from the same muscles. </span><strong>Results</strong>: Among young subjects, all of the MEP and SP thresholds for the right APB were significantly lower than those for the left APB in the right-handers, and the reverse was true in the left-handers. The results in the middle-aged right-handers were similar to those in the young right-handers, but in the old right-handers, none of the thresholds were different between the two sides. We did not find any asymmetries of the F wave in the subjects of any age group. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: We speculate that the age-dependent threshold asymmetries are preferentially related to functional asymmetries at the cortical level.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 502-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00020-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immediate effects of therapeutic facilitation on the gait of hemiparetic patients as compared with walking with and without a cane","authors":"Stefan Hesse,&nbsp;Matthias T Jahnke,&nbsp;Antje Schaffrin,&nbsp;Daniela Lucke,&nbsp;Frank Reiter,&nbsp;Matthias Konrad","doi":"10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00033-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00033-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objectives</strong><span>: Although the neurodevelopmental technique (Bobath) is the most widely used approach in the gait rehabilitation of hemiparetic subjects in Europe, there is little neurophysiological evidence for its presumed effects on gait symmetry and facilitation of paretic muscles during the therapeutic intervention. The study, therefore, investigated the immediate effects of gait entrainment by a physical therapist on the gait of hemiparetic subjects.</span></p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Cycle parameters, gait symmetry, hip joint movement and the electromyographic activity of several lower limb muscles were assessed in 22 patients during a classic intervention by five Bobath therapists and while walking with and without a cane.</p><p><strong>Results</strong><span>: Multivariate statistics revealed that, while being assisted by the therapist, patients walked faster (</span><em>P</em>=0.022), with a longer relative stance period of the affected leg (<em>P</em>=0.005), a higher symmetry (<em>P</em>=0.002), larger hip extension (<em>P</em>=0.001) and more activation (<em>P</em><span>=0.026) of the Mm. triceps surae, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and gluteus medius as compared to walking with and without a cane. Extensor spasticity of the plantar-flexor tended to increase (n.s.). In five subjects, no after-effect could be documented 1 h after a gait training of 30 min.</span></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The study confirmed a more balanced walking pattern in conjunction with facilitation of various weight bearing muscles during the therapeutic intervention. A prolonged single stance period of the affected leg, an unobstructed hip movement, enhanced weight acceptance and a faster gait seemed to be responsible for the observed immediate effects of the therapeutic intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 6","pages":"Pages 515-522"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S1388-2457(98)00033-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20905313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation between the size of motor units and the spectral characteristics of their action potentials","authors":"Kazuhiko Seki,&nbsp;Mitsuo Narusawa","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00047-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00047-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong>: The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the size of an individual motor unit on the spectral characteristics of its motor unit action potentials (MUAPs).</p><p><strong>Methods</strong><span>: In 4 human subjects, we first averaged the isometric force and the surface EMG signals triggered by the intramuscularly recorded action potentials of each motor unit during voluntary isometric contraction. Then, we obtained averaged twitch contraction curves, averaged MUAPs derived from surface EMG signals (S-MUAPs), and the power spectrum of the S-MUAPs. Finally, we tested for correlations among these results in each subject.</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: There was a positive correlation among the mean power frequency of the S-MUAPs, the maximal amplitude of the S-MUAPs, and the maximal twitch tension of their motor unit in each subject (<em>r</em>=0.58–0.85; <em>P</em>&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: Since the twitch tension and the amplitude of the S-MUAPs are well-known predictors of the size of motor units, we conclude that the spectral characteristics of the S-MUAPs reflect the size of the motor unit from which they originate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 5","pages":"Pages 436-443"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00047-2","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91764553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle is dependent on different motor images","authors":"Susumu Yahagi ,&nbsp;Tatsuya Kasai","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00041-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00041-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong><span>: We investigated changes in motor evoked potentials (MEPs) to explain why mental practice can improve motor performance.</span></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><span>: MEPs were recorded from right and left first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscles of 9 normal, right-handed subjects during different motor images of index finger movement: (1) rest, (2) flexion, (3) abduction, (4) extension. A paired </span><em>t</em> test was used to compare differences of stimulus intensities and MEP amplitudes among conditions.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: MEP amplitudes significantly increased in both FDI muscles during motor images of flexion and abduction but not of extension. Moreover, MEP amplitudes were larger in flexion than in abduction. These differences were proportional to the amount of real EMG discharge of FDI muscle in the selected direction of index finger movement. With regard to right-left differences, MEP amplitudes in the right FDI muscle were larger than those in the left.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong><span>: The primary motor cortex plays a role in the mental representation of motor acts. Furthermore, the amount of corticomotoneuronal cell activity is affected by the different motor images utilizing the same muscle. Right-left difference of MEP amplitude supports the view of left-hemisphere dominance for motor programming as an aspect of normal brain function among right-handers.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 5","pages":"Pages 409-417"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00041-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20759347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortical activation during fast repetitive finger movements in humans: steady-state movement-related magnetic fields and their cortical generators","authors":"C. Gerloff ,&nbsp;N. Uenishi ,&nbsp;T. Nagamine ,&nbsp;T. Kunieda ,&nbsp;M. Hallett ,&nbsp;H. Shibasaki","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00045-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00045-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong>: To study the cortical physiology of fast repetitive finger movements.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: We recorded steady-state movement-related magnetic fields (ssMRMFs) associated with self-paced, repetitive, 2-Hz finger movements in a 122-channel whole-head magnetometer. The ssMRMF generators were determined by equivalent current dipole (ECD) modeling and co-registered with anatomical magnetic resonance images (MRIs).</p><p><strong>Results</strong><span><span>: Two major ssMRMF components occurred in proximity to EMG onset: a motor field (MF) peaking at 37±11 ms after EMG onset, and a postmovement field (post-MF), with inverse polarity, peaking at 102±13 ms after EMG onset. The ECD for the MF was located in the primary motor cortex (M1), and the ECD for the post-MF in the </span>primary somatosensory cortex (S1). The MF was probably closely related to the generation of corticospinal volleys, whereas the post-MF most likely represented reafferent feedback processing.</span></p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong><span>: The present data offer further evidence that the main phasic changes of cortical activity occur in direct proximity to repetitive EMG bursts in the contralateral<span> M1 and S1. They complement previous electroencephalography (EEG) findings on steady-state movement-related cortical potentials (ssMRCPs) by providing more precise anatomical information, and thereby enhance the potential value of ssMRCPs and ssMRMFs for studying human sensorimotor cortex activation non-invasively and with high temporal resolution.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 5","pages":"Pages 444-453"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00045-9","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20761071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced baroreflex sensitivity and cardiorespiratory transfer in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","authors":"Dieter Linden,&nbsp;Rolf R Diehl,&nbsp;Peter Berlit","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00035-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00035-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Introduction</strong><span>: Clinically relevant autonomic disturbances have been reported for respirator-dependent ALS patients while subclinical involvement may be present in the early course.</span><strong>Methods</strong><span><span>: Eighteen patients with early-stage ALS and 18 age-matched controls were studied by means of standard autonomic tests (heart-rate response to deep breathing<span> and tilt-table testing), and spectral analysis of heart rate (HR) and </span></span>arterial blood pressure<span><span> (ABP), using the associated transfer function as a measure of baroreflex sensitivity for the mid-frequency band (MF band, 0.05–0.15 Hz) and as a measure of </span>cardiorespiratory transfer for the high-frequency band (HF band, 0.15–0.33 Hz).</span></span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Mean HR and ABP were increased in ALS, while results of standard autonomic tests were similar for ALS and controls. Transfer function analysis revealed reduced baroreflex sensitivity and diminished cardiorespiratory transfer during normal breathing.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong><span>: Cardiovascular autonomic functions<span> are intact in patients with ALS. There is evidence of sympathetic enhancement and vagal withdrawal, accompanied by reduced baroreflex sensitivity.These findings are similar to those reported for essential hypertension and may point to a common central autonomic derangement in both disorders.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 5","pages":"Pages 387-390"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00035-6","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20759343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human somatosensory evoked magnetic fields to vibratory stimulation of the index finger: is there frequency organization in SI?","authors":"Isao Hashimoto ,&nbsp;Takunori Mashiko ,&nbsp;Tomoaki Kimura ,&nbsp;Toshiaki Imada","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00043-5","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00043-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objective</strong>: Frequency organization in the human somatosensory cortex was studied.</p><p><strong>Design and methods</strong><span>: Somatosensory evoked magnetic fields (SEFs) from 12 subjects were measured following vibratory stimulation of the index finger by using a 122 channel whole head SQUID system. Sensory stimuli comprising a 40 ms vibration at frequencies of 50, 100, 200 and 400 Hz were delivered to the volar surface of the tip of the right index finger. Using a single dipole model, the sources of the magnetic fields were estimated and mapped onto magnetic resonance images of each subject. The analysis of variance test (ANOVA) was used for statistics.</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Source localization was determined on the main two peaks (M60 and M110) of the SEFs. All of the sources were located in the area 3b of somatosensory cortex (SI). There were no statistically significant differences between the locations of the dipoles evoked by different frequency stimulations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: These results demonstrate the absence of systematic frequency organization at the hand representation area of the SI cortex. We speculate that high frequency vibration above 100 Hz are coded by the fast-spiking interneurons which synapse with Pacinian pyramidal neurons in SI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 5","pages":"Pages 454-461"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00043-5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20761072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortico–cortical inhibition of the motor cortical area projecting to sternocleidomastoid muscle in normals and patients with spasmodic torticollis or essential tremor","authors":"Ritsuko Hanajima,&nbsp;Yoshikazu Ugawa,&nbsp;Yasuo Terao,&nbsp;Katsuyuki Sakai,&nbsp;Toshiaki Furubayashi,&nbsp;Katsuyuki Machii,&nbsp;Haruo Uesugi,&nbsp;Hitoshi Mochizuki,&nbsp;Ichiro Kanazawa","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00036-8","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00036-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objectives</strong><span><span>: To investigate whether the cortico–cortical inhibition originally reported for the human hand motor area is present in the motor cortex for sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) and to evaluate the amount of inhibition in </span>spasmodic torticollis<span> and essential tremor.</span></span></p><p><strong>Methods</strong><span><span>: Subjects were 14 normal healthy volunteers, 10 patients with spasmodic torticollis and 5 with essential tremor involving neck muscles. A paired-pulse </span>magnetic stimulation was performed for the SCMs and first dorsal interosseous muscles (FDIs).</span></p><p><strong>Results</strong>: In normal subjects, a subthreshold magnetic conditioning stimulus suppressed responses to a suprathreshold magnetic test stimulus when their interval was 1–5 ms in SCM. This indicates that the similar cortico–cortical inhibitory mechanism is present in the motor cortex for SCM as in the hand motor area. In the patients with spasmodic torticollis, the cortico–cortical inhibitory effect was reduced or absent in SCM, but normal in the FDI. In contrast, in patients with essential tremor, normal cortico–cortical inhibition was seen in both the SCM and FDI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: The cortico–cortical inhibitory mechanisms of the motor cortex for SCM can be studied by a paired-pulse magnetic stimulation method. Our result of reduced cortico–cortical inhibition in torticollis patients suggests abnormal excitability (hyperexcitable or disinhibited) of the motor cortex for SCM in spasmodic torticollis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 5","pages":"Pages 391-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00036-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20759344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of descending volleys evoked by transcranial magnetic and electric stimulation in conscious humans","authors":"V Di Lazzaro ,&nbsp;A Oliviero ,&nbsp;P Profice ,&nbsp;E Saturno ,&nbsp;F Pilato ,&nbsp;A Insola ,&nbsp;P Mazzone ,&nbsp;P Tonali ,&nbsp;J.C Rothwell","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00038-1","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00038-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Objectives</strong><span>: The present experiments were designed to compare the understanding of the transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation of the human motorcortex.</span><strong>Methods</strong><span><span>: The spinal volleys evoked by single transcranial magnetic or electric stimulation<span> over the cerebral motor cortex were recorded from a bipolar electrode inserted into the cervical epidural space of two conscious human subjects. These volleys were termed D- and I waves, according to their latency. Magnetic stimulation was performed with a figure-of-eight coil held over the right motor cortex at the optimum scalp position, in order to elicit motor responses in the </span></span>contralateral FDI using two different orientations over the motor strip. The induced current flowed either in a postero-anterior or in a latero-medial direction.</span><strong>Results</strong>: At active motor threshold intensity, the electric anodal stimulation evoked pure D activity. At this intensity, magnetic stimulation with the induced current flowing in a posterior-anterior direction evoked pure I₁ activity. When a latero-medial induced current was used, magnetic stimulation evoked both D and I₁ activity. Using electric anodal stimulation, at a stimulus intensity of 9% of the stimulator output above the active motor threshold (corresponding approximately to 1.5 active motor threshold), a small I₁ wave appeared only in subject 1. Using magnetic stimulation with a posterior-anterior induced current, at a stimulus intensity of 21% of maximum stimulator output above the active motor threshold (corresponding approximately to 1.8 times threshold in subject 1 and to two times threshold in subject 2), a small D wave appeared in subject 1 but not in subject 2.<strong>Conclusions</strong>: Present results demonstrate that, in conscious humans at threshold intensities, electric stimulation evokes D waves and magnetic stimulation (with a posterior-anterior induced current) evokes I waves, while magnetic stimulation (with a latero-medial induced current) evokes both activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 5","pages":"Pages 397-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00038-1","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20759345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and electrophysiological findings and follow-up in tarsal tunnel syndrome","authors":"M Mondelli ,&nbsp;F Giannini ,&nbsp;F Reale","doi":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00039-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00039-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span><span>The authors report clinical and electrophysiological findings in 59 patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS) and follow-up in 23 of them. The entrapment was prevalent in females; was bilateral in 6 patients and involved medial plantar in 7 and lateral </span>plantar nerves<span> in two cases. Eleven presented with other nerve entrapment syndromes or focal </span></span>mononeuropathies<span><span><span>, due to hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy or </span>systemic diseases<span>. The other 48 subjects had TTS without any other related entrapment syndromes: 23 were idiopathic cases, 13 had a history of local trauma, 3 had systemic diseases and the others had external or intrinsic compressions. The most frequent symptoms were paraesthesia or dysaesthesia<span> (86% of feet) and pain (55%). Hypoaesthesia of the sole and weakness of toe flexion were evident in 74% and 22% of feet, respectively. Absence of sensory action potential or slowing of sensory conduction velocity (SCV) of the plantar nerves were present in 77% of feet; significant differences of SCV between affected and unaffected plantar nerves and/or between distal sural and plantar nerves were evident in 14%. Abnormalities of plantar SCV were therefore absent in only 9% of feet. Distal motor latency was delayed in 55% and </span></span></span>electromyography showed neurogenic changes in 45% of sole muscles. Five cases (6 feet) underwent surgery with excellent or good results in 5, 4 of them also showing improvement in distal conduction of the plantar nerves. Nine were treated with local steroid injections, with good results shown in 6 patients. Nine other patients who did not receive any therapy showed a disappearance of symptoms or good outcome in 6 cases. The subjects with poor therapeutic results had S1 </span></span>radiculopathy<span> or systemic diseases. The authors underline that patients with connective tissue diseases should not be treated by </span></span>surgical decompression because they may have subclinical neuropathy. Some subjects with idiopathic or trauma-induced TTS recover spontaneously. Surgical release should be limited to cases with space-occupying lesions and when conservative treatments fail.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100400,"journal":{"name":"Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control","volume":"109 5","pages":"Pages 418-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1998-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/S0924-980X(98)00039-3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"20759348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}