Decoding Infection and Transmission最新文献

{"title":"Advances and challenges in the prevention, control and research of echinococcosis in China","authors":"Hongrang Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Wang ,&nbsp;Shuai Han ,&nbsp;Ning Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Echinococcosis is a group of chronic zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of <em>Echinococcus</em> tapeworms, which infect both humans and animals. Due to the complex life cycle, broad geographic distribution and wide range of host species of <em>Echinococcus</em>, controlling and eliminating echinococcosis remains highly challenging. Source control and the interruption of transmission pathways are critical but difficult, which always impede prevention and control efforts. Therefore, accurate detection, differentiation, diagnosis, and effective treatment, along with real-time monitoring of infections across various hosts, are essential prerequisites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current epidemiological status of echinococcosis, research progress, prevention and control measures, and the main challenges in efforts from control toward elimination of the disease in China, with the aim of providing reference for further optimization of present control strategies and surveillance methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100041"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to Chikungunya fever in China: are we ready?","authors":"Xiaohong Zhou ,&nbsp;Xiang Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chikungunya fever (CHIK) is caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne RNA virus of the Alphavirus genus (family Togaviridae). CHIK has been imported and caused several local epidemic in China in recent years. This article describes the epidemiology of CHIK, and proposes the interventions as a response to this emerging infectious disease in China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100058"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Alongshan virus: A comprehensive review of its pathogenic characteristics, epidemiology, and detection strategies","authors":"Sunjie Yang ,&nbsp;Zedong Wang ,&nbsp;Ruixin Guo ,&nbsp;Yong Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alongshan virus (ALSV) is an emerging tick-borne segmented RNA virus belonging to the <em>Flaviviridae</em> family, first identified in Northeastern China in 2017. ALSV is currently classified within the Jingmenvirus group, which includes other segmented flavi-like viruses. Since its discovery, ALSV has been detected in various regions, including China, Russia, and several European countries, highlighting its expanding geographic distribution. This review summarizes the latest research progress on ALSV, focusing on its pathogenic characteristics, pathogenicity, epidemiological features, and detection methods. ALSV exhibits a segmented genome, unique structural and nonstructural proteins, and potential neurotropism, with clinical symptoms resembling other tick-borne diseases. Detection methods, including nucleic acid detection and high-throughput sequencing, have advanced ALSV research, though challenges remain in standardization and clinical application. Understanding ALSV's ecological characteristics, transmission mechanisms, and public health impact is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies. This review provides valuable insights for healthcare institutions and policymakers to mitigate ALSV's risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rabies in Africa: Vaccination coverage and strategies for elimination by 2030","authors":"Abdullahi Tunde Aborode ,&nbsp;Oche Joseph Otorkpa ,&nbsp;Omobolaji Omokorede Ayeseni ,&nbsp;Sedoten Oluwaseun Ogun ,&nbsp;Chibuzor Stella Amadi ,&nbsp;Sharmistha Roy ,&nbsp;Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba ,&nbsp;Kenechukwu Obumneme Samuel Nwosu ,&nbsp;Oluwafunto Adepeju Aladekomo ,&nbsp;Barakat Olajumoke Kolawole ,&nbsp;Tolulope Tiwa Ogundipe ,&nbsp;Seto Charles Ogunleye ,&nbsp;Segun Olapade ,&nbsp;Bakare-Abidola Taiwo ,&nbsp;Isreal Ayobami Onifade","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rabies remains a significant public health threat in Africa, and disproportionately impacts vulnerable populations to cause thousands of deaths annually. Rabies is a preventable disease and control efforts include a global target of rabies elimination by 2030. But, challenges impede this goal, such as limited access to vaccines, insufficient public awareness, and weak healthcare infrastructure. This review evaluates the barriers to vaccination coverage, including logistical constraints in vaccine delivery, high costs, and the lack of sustained funding. Additionally, the review discusses innovative strategies and best practices for rabies control, such as community-based education programs, and the integration of One Health approaches. This study synthesizes current evidence, to emphasize the urgent need for coordinated efforts, increased investment, and policy reforms to achieve sustainable rabies elimination in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143903719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide identification of characteristic nucleotide fragments for surveillance and subtype typing of influenza A viruses","authors":"Jingze Liu ,&nbsp;Xu Zhang ,&nbsp;Shicheng Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Influenza A viruses, members of the Orthomyxoviridae family, are major causative agents of past flu pandemics and can infect a wide range of hosts depending on their hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene combinations. This study aimed to identify genome-wide characteristic nucleotide fragments for rapid detection and subtype typing of influenza A viruses from large-scale genomic data.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Complete influenza genome sequences were analyzed to identify candidate characteristic fragments specific to influenza A viruses. The fragments were evaluated based on conservation probability, coverage, and specificity across different viral species, subtypes, and hosts. High-coverage fragments were selected for further analysis. Multiplex PCR primers were then designed based on the selected fragments, and their predictive performance was assessed via in silico PCR.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Characteristic fragments from the M gene (20–40 bp) distinguished influenza A viruses with &gt;92 % coverage and &gt;99 % specificity. Forty-four fragments from the HA gene were identified across 26 subtypes, indicating the HA gene's utility for subtype differentiation. Regarding host specificity, canine-derived strains contained unique 20–40 bp fragments, the avian-specific fragment was 20 bp, and no such fragments were detected in other hosts. The designed primers achieved &gt;98 % predicted accuracy for universal detection (M gene) and for H1N1- and H3N2-specific subtypes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Genome-wide screening of influenza A virus sequences identified highly conserved and subtype-specific nucleotide fragments that enable rapid detection and precise subtyping. These findings provide a valuable resource for molecular surveillance and diagnostic assay development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100056"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144865678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic insights into disease vectors: Divergent evolution of mosquitoes, tsetse flies, sand flies and kissing bugs","authors":"Lifeng Du ,&nbsp;Jingwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vector-borne diseases pose major global health challenges, with mosquitoes, tsetse flies, and sand flies serving as key insect vectors. This review explores the genomic basis of hematophagy, reproduction, and vector competence across these species. Comparative analyses reveal significant differences in genome size, transposable element content, chemosensory gene repertoires, immune pathways, and symbiotic associations. Mosquitoes possess large, transposable elements (TEs)-rich genomes and expanded antiviral gene families, supporting broad arbovirus transmission. Tsetse flies exhibit compact genomes with viviparous adaptations and obligate symbiosis aiding trypanosome transmission. Sand flies display streamlined genomes with species-specific immune responses and salivary factors that facilitate Leishmania infection. Kissing bugs, with moderate fecundity, lineage-specific immune adaptations, transmit <em>Trypanosoma cruzi</em> across species. These findings highlight how genomic architecture shapes vectorial capacity, offering insights for targeted disease control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144722295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent cholera outbreaks in Nigeria: A review of the underlying factors and redress","authors":"Ikechukwu Emmanuel Onwunta ,&nbsp;Gerald Obinna Ozota ,&nbsp;Chizaram Adaeze Eze ,&nbsp;Izuchukwu Favour Obilom ,&nbsp;Onyeka Chinenye Okoli ,&nbsp;Cynthia Nneka Azih ,&nbsp;Christabel Ogechukwu Okoye ,&nbsp;Ebube Lilian Agbo","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cholera outbreaks remain a matter of public health since this outbreak of the epidemic is experienced almost every year. In June 2024, the African Region had registered 7964 new cases of cholera across 11 countries, and 1094 of them were from Nigeria. Although several advancements have been made towards reducing cholera outbreaks, its recurrence in 2024 highlights the challenges in its management. This study explores the underlying factors responsible for recurring cholera outbreaks in Nigeria and formulates practical recommendations for its prevention and control in the long term. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Google Scholar and PubMed, including studies that discussed cholera outbreaks, contributing factors, and control strategies, especially in Nigeria. The implications and challenges of recurrent cholera outbreaks in Nigeria were also examined from the literature, and recommendations were given. The study identified some of the implications of these outbreaks on the country, including increased mortality rates, the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant <em>Vibrio cholerae</em> strains, and socioeconomic implications. The major challenges hindering effective cholera management were found to be vaccination uptake, late diagnosis and management, unpreparedness of the healthcare system, environmental factors and lack of government will. Mitigating these drivers of recurring outbreaks in Nigeria is crucial to creating more targeted and more efficient prevention and control measures. Recommendations have been made to combat this menace and achieve long-term eradication in Nigeria, which include enhancing the infrastructure for water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), expanding the reach of vaccinations, surveillance and rapid response systems and resolving socioeconomic and environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100042"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sexual development in apicomplexan parasites: past and future","authors":"Yongle Song ,&nbsp;Haiqiong Yu ,&nbsp;Shenquan Liao ,&nbsp;Minna Lv ,&nbsp;Xuhui Lin ,&nbsp;Haiming Cai ,&nbsp;Xiangjie Chen ,&nbsp;Yibin Zhu ,&nbsp;Jianfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Nanshan Qi ,&nbsp;Juan Li ,&nbsp;Mingfei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sexual development is an important process in eukaryotic organisms that involves the fusion of gametes to produce genetically diverse offspring. In apicomplexan parasites, sexual development is crucial for their life cycle and transmission. This paper reviews historical advancements in the understanding of sexual development in these parasites and discusses future research directions. Key discoveries related to gamete production, fertilization, and the formation of infectious stages are explored. Additionally, potential avenues for further investigation are proposed, including the molecular mechanisms governing sexual development, the role of host factors, and the influence of environmental cues. This review aims to help future research and improve our understanding of the complex sexual development processes in apicomplexan parasites by highlighting past achievements and outlining future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The prevalence, impact, and control measures of brucellosis in Nigeria: An analytical study","authors":"Joshua Femi Oluwadele ,&nbsp;Anthony Ekeocha ,&nbsp;Ezekiel Olukunle Akinwumi","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aimed to assess the prevalence, economic impact, and control measures of brucellosis in livestock and humans across four Nigerian states (Lagos, Kano, Oyo, and Kaduna) from 2018 to 2020.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Data were collected through stratified random sampling, alongside secondary sources such as government reports and hospital records. Serological tests, including the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), were employed to detect <em>Brucella</em> antibodies in livestock and human samples. A total of 1200 livestock samples (400 per state) and 600 human samples (150 per state) were tested.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study revealed an increasing prevalence of brucellosis, with Kano and Kaduna exhibiting the highest incidence rates of 19 % and 16 %, respectively. Economic losses due to brucellosis were substantial, particularly in Kano, where losses amounted to $2.5 million annually; primarily from livestock value depreciation, veterinary expenses, and reduced productivity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings underscore the necessity for a comprehensive approach to controlling brucellosis, including enhanced surveillance, vaccination programs, and public health education. A One Health approach is crucial to control the spread of the disease and reduce both its economic and public health impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach to disease modeling: The SEIVR model with a vulnerable compartment","authors":"Santosh CJ,&nbsp;Anurag Shakya","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The SEIR model is a cornerstone in epidemiology and offers insights into the spread of infectious diseases. It extends the basic SIR model to include an Exposed (E) compartment, to account for the incubation period of diseases. However, the traditional SEIR model falls short in addressing varying disease severity, particularly the need for hospitalization, which is crucial for understanding the full impact of a disease outbreak.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study aims to increase the predictive power of the traditional SEIR model by introducing a Vulnerable (V) compartment, thus creating the SEIVR model. This new compartment captures individuals who are exposed to a transmitted disease and require hospitalization to recover, thereby providing a more nuanced view of disease progression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>To develop the SEIVR model, we modified the SEIR framework to include the Vulnerable (V) compartment. We used differential equations to describe the transitions between compartments. Parameter estimation was performed using least squares fitting, and the model was rigorously validated against real-world data to ensure its accuracy in predicting hospitalizations and healthcare demands.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The SEIVR model accurately predicted the progression of disease and its impact on healthcare resources. Model predictions closely mirrored the observed data, thus showcasing its effectiveness in estimating new cases, hospitalizations, and recoveries. This validation underscores the capability of the model to provide a realistic representation of disease dynamics to inform public health interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>With the addition of the Vulnerable compartment, the SEIVR model offers a more precise and comprehensive understanding of disease dynamics. It excels in predicting new cases, hospitalizations, and recoveries, making it an invaluable tool for public health planning and resource allocation. This model is particularly beneficial for diseases which may require hospitalization, such as COVID-19, thus enhancing the accuracy of predictions of healthcare demand.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}