Decoding Infection and Transmission最新文献

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Predicting HIV testing status in pregnant women using balanced machine learning models: Insights from Sierra Leone's demographic health survey 使用平衡机器学习模型预测孕妇的艾滋病毒检测状况:来自塞拉利昂人口健康调查的见解
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100078
Afeez A. Soladoye , David B. Olawade , Oluwakemi Jumoke Bello , Claret Chinenyenwa Analikwu , Raphael Igbarumah Ayo Daniel , Augustus Osborne
{"title":"Predicting HIV testing status in pregnant women using balanced machine learning models: Insights from Sierra Leone's demographic health survey","authors":"Afeez A. Soladoye ,&nbsp;David B. Olawade ,&nbsp;Oluwakemi Jumoke Bello ,&nbsp;Claret Chinenyenwa Analikwu ,&nbsp;Raphael Igbarumah Ayo Daniel ,&nbsp;Augustus Osborne","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Preventing vertical HIV transmission requires comprehensive testing programmes for pregnant women, yet coverage gaps persist across Sub-Saharan Africa. In Sierra Leone, approximately one-third of pregnant women remain untested for HIV, creating substantial public health challenges. Conventional predictive models often exhibit bias towards majority classes in imbalanced datasets, hindering accurate identification of untested women who require urgent intervention. This study addresses the critical need for diagnostic prediction models that can reliably identify pregnant women at risk of not being tested for HIV. This study develops and validates diagnostic machine learning prediction models to identify HIV testing patterns among pregnant women in Sierra Leone, emphasising class balance techniques to enhance minority class detection capabilities and improve targeted intervention strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analysed data from 990 pregnant women (aged 15-49) using the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey. Our preprocessing pipeline included categorical variable encoding, feature normalisation via Min-Max scaling, and implementation of Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) for dataset balancing. Model development employed four supervised learning algorithms: Random Forest, XGBoost, Logistic Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbors. Model performance was evaluated using macro-averaged metrics including precision, recall, F1-score, and accuracy, with 70-30 train-test split validation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Imbalanced dataset models demonstrated suboptimal performance with macro F1-scores between 0.46 and 0.57. Following SMOTE implementation, diagnostic performance improved substantially to 0.55-0.72. Random Forest achieved optimal macro F1-score (0.72), representing 56% improvement over standard approaches.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Class imbalance mitigation through SMOTE substantially enhances diagnostic prediction model performance for HIV testing status classification, facilitating targeted public health strategies in resource-constrained environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147396922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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Breaking barriers for key populations in the lenacapavir era 为lenacapavir时代的关键种群打破障碍
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100075
Victor Abiola Adepoju , Abdulrakib Abdulrahim , Safayet Jamil
{"title":"Breaking barriers for key populations in the lenacapavir era","authors":"Victor Abiola Adepoju ,&nbsp;Abdulrakib Abdulrahim ,&nbsp;Safayet Jamil","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite advances in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, key populations including men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers, transgender individuals, people who inject drugs, and adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) continue to experience disproportionately high rates of HIV infection and limited access to prevention services. The recent approval of lenacapavir, a twice-yearly long-acting injectable pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), offers a promising opportunity to overcome adherence challenges associated with daily oral PrEP. However, its successful implementation hinges on addressing the structural and social barriers that have historically excluded these populations from benefiting fully from HIV innovations. While lenacapavir's discreet, long-acting profile holds great promise, its rollout may be undermined by persistent issues such as stigma, criminalisation, lack of youth-friendly services, and health system mistrust. Many individuals from key populations still face legal and social conditions that deter them from accessing clinics, even for biannual injections. Without intentional equity-focused strategies, including peer-led service delivery, policy reform, and community-based outreach, these same barriers could restrict uptake and impact. Innovative solutions such as integrating lenacapavir into trusted drop-in centres, mobile clinics, or combined reproductive health services can enhance accessibility and privacy. Ensuring equitable rollout also demands investment in key population-led organisations, disaggregated data monitoring, and rights-based policy frameworks that affirm agency and safety. Lenacapavir could be a game-changer for HIV prevention, but only if systems evolve to meet the needs of those most affected. Equity must be a deliberate foundation, not a secondary consideration. If we prioritise dignity, inclusivity, and structural reform alongside scientific innovation, lenacapavir can do more than prevent infections; it can help transform global HIV prevention into a tool for justice. The era of long-acting PrEP must not replicate old exclusions but rather break new ground in empowering key populations worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease: A Case Report on Diagnosis, Management, and Recovery in an Elderly Patient COVID-19与慢性肾病:1例老年患者的诊断、治疗和康复
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100073
B. Naveena , E. Karthikeyan
{"title":"COVID-19 and chronic kidney disease: A Case Report on Diagnosis, Management, and Recovery in an Elderly Patient","authors":"B. Naveena ,&nbsp;E. Karthikeyan","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2025.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The case report concerns the management of a 71-year-old Indian woman with chronic kidney disease (CKD), cellulitis, and COVID-19. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary treatment are especially important since older adult patients with CKD are highly susceptible to severe COVID-19 because of their diminished self-immune defense and many comorbidities. The patient presented with fever, increased lower limb edema, and dyspnea. Laboratory, RT‒PCR, and chest computed tomography confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 and cellulitis. A multidisciplinary treatment plan was initiated, which included corticosteroids, antibiotics, anticoagulants, analgesics, diuretics, and supportive care. Day 1: The patient was hospitalized, and therapy was initiated. She also showed progressive improvement in fever, signs of respiratory illness, and inflammation of the legs on Days 2–5. On Day 6, a repeat CT of the chest revealed a trend toward recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia, with a severity score of 7/25. On Day 7, she was released in a stable state and on medications with a follow-up appointment. At discharge, she demonstrated great improvement in symptoms and the absence of acute complications. The patient was appreciative and relieved that the coordinated, timely services were provided to her, and the excellent communication between the healthcare team was reassuring to her during her time in the hospital. The case shows great awareness of and adherence to evidence-based management of COVID-19 in geriatric patients with CKD and other comorbidities. Early diagnosis, interdisciplinary care, and follow-up could be helpful in reducing complications and improving the clinical outcome of this high-risk population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145814455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Assessing Africa's readiness for Marburg virus outbreaks: A review of surveillance, response, and infrastructure needs 评估非洲对马尔堡病毒暴发的准备情况:对监测、应对和基础设施需求的审查
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100092
David B. Olawade, Navami Leena, Sandra Chinaza Fidelis, Olalekan John Okesanya, Chibuike S. Alisi, Eghosasere Egbon, Augustus Osborne
{"title":"Assessing Africa's readiness for Marburg virus outbreaks: A review of surveillance, response, and infrastructure needs","authors":"David B. Olawade,&nbsp;Navami Leena,&nbsp;Sandra Chinaza Fidelis,&nbsp;Olalekan John Okesanya,&nbsp;Chibuike S. Alisi,&nbsp;Eghosasere Egbon,&nbsp;Augustus Osborne","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marburg virus disease (MVD) poses a critical public health threat to Africa, with mortality rates ranging from 24 to 100% and limited treatment options. Recent outbreaks across multiple African countries highlight the continent's vulnerability to this deadly pathogen, necessitating comprehensive assessment of preparedness capabilities. This narrative review evaluated Africa's current readiness for MVD outbreaks by examining surveillance systems, healthcare infrastructure, response protocols, and identifying critical preparedness gaps. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Search terms included \"Marburg virus,\" \"Africa,\" \"outbreak,\" \"preparedness,\" \"surveillance,\" and \"response.\" Additional sources from WHO, Africa CDC, and national health ministries were included. Data extraction focused on epidemiological characteristics, preparedness measures, challenges, and recommendations. Analysis revealed significant preparedness gaps including inadequate surveillance systems in high-risk regions, limited laboratory diagnostic capacity, insufficient healthcare infrastructure in remote areas, inconsistent funding mechanisms, and weak cross-border coordination. Cultural barriers, lack of community awareness, and absence of licensed vaccines further compound these challenges. While some improvements have emerged from Ebola outbreak experiences, MVD-specific protocols and biosafety requirements remain underdeveloped. Africa requires urgent, coordinated action to strengthen MVD preparedness through enhanced surveillance networks, healthcare capacity building, community engagement programs, regional cooperation frameworks, and accelerated vaccine development. A multi-faceted approach combining infrastructure investment, policy development, and sustained international collaboration is essential to prevent widespread epidemics and protect public health across the continent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100092"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149043975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Clinical characteristics and host factors associated with drug-induced liver injury in 264 pulmonary tuberculosis patients from Hainan province, China 海南省264例肺结核患者药物性肝损伤的临床特征及相关宿主因素分析
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100080
Bingrui Gao , Xinyu Wang , Lei Sang , Wenping Gong
{"title":"Clinical characteristics and host factors associated with drug-induced liver injury in 264 pulmonary tuberculosis patients from Hainan province, China","authors":"Bingrui Gao ,&nbsp;Xinyu Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Sang ,&nbsp;Wenping Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public-health threat. Yet clinical portraits of patients in China's tropical south—especially Hainan—are still thinly documented. We set out to characterize the presentation of pulmonary TB on the island, quantify the impact of molecular diagnostics, and ask how sex, age, and diabetes shape both disease expression and treatment safety.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 264 culture- or GeneXpert-confirmed pulmonary-TB cases admitted to the Hainan branch of the PLA General Hospital between June 2013 and August 2025. Patients were stratified by sex, age (cut-off 60 years), diabetes status, and date of admission (before vs. after June 2019, when GeneXpert was introduced). Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed in GraphPad Prism 10; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05 defined significance.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 264 patients (175 men, 89 women; median age 58 years), key findings were: (1) Diagnostic speed: median time to initial diagnosis fell from 5 days (IQR 1–7) pre-2019 to 1 day (IQR 1–7) after molecular testing was adopted (<em>p</em> = 0.0018). (2) Sex: men had more pleural effusion (<em>p</em> = 0.0067) and a higher incidence of drug-induced liver injury after treatment (35/115 vs 9/65; <em>p</em> = 0.0182). They also exhibited higher leukocyte, neutrophil, haemoglobin, CRP, procalcitonin, and IL-6 levels (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). (3) Age: patients ≥60 years showed more multi-lobar involvement, more dyspnoea, higher neutrophil counts, CRP, procalcitonin, and IL-6, but lower haemoglobin than younger adults (all <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). (4) Diabetes: the 60 diabetic patients had a higher body mass index (BMI) (22.60 ± 3.38 vs 20.79 ± 3.35 kg m<sup>−2</sup>; <em>p</em> = 0.0004), yet no significant divergence in symptoms or inflammatory markers. (5) Imaging: patchy infiltrates predominated (49.62 %), followed by nodules (26.37 %) and cavitation (18.94 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Rolling out molecular diagnostics in Hainan compressed the diagnostic window dramatically. Host factors—male sex and older age—were linked to heavier inflammation and a greater risk of hepatotoxicity. These data argue for universal rapid molecular testing and sex-/age-tailored monitoring of adverse drug reactions in routine TB care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The current landscape of Nipah virus vaccines: From antigen design to clinical translation 尼帕病毒疫苗的现状:从抗原设计到临床转化
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100085
Jie Li , Jiahao Qu , Kun Xu
{"title":"The current landscape of Nipah virus vaccines: From antigen design to clinical translation","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Jiahao Qu ,&nbsp;Kun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic paramyxovirus with pandemic potential and a case-fatality rate exceeding 70%. The absence of approved vaccines highlights an urgent prophylactic need. This review summarizes recent progress in NiV vaccine research, focusing on rational antigen design, delivery platforms, immunogenicity, protective efficacy and clinical translation. Multiple vaccine candidates have demonstrated robust protective efficacy in animal models, with four advancing to clinical trials. Furthermore, findings from NiV vaccine research will inform strategies to combat other emerging pandemic threats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148178450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
World malaria report 2025: Growing biological threats, shrinking resources 《2025年世界疟疾报告》:生物威胁日益严重,资源萎缩
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100076
Lucien Platon , Feng Lu , Didier Ménard
{"title":"World malaria report 2025: Growing biological threats, shrinking resources","authors":"Lucien Platon ,&nbsp;Feng Lu ,&nbsp;Didier Ménard","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>World Malaria Report 2025</em> documents operational progress while exposing systemic vulnerabilities that could reverse two decades of gains. Several biological threats are converging in Sub-Saharan Africa: artemisinin partial resistance, parasites evading rapid diagnostic tests, insecticide-resistant mosquitoes, and the spread of <em>Anopheles stephensi</em> into urban areas. This convergence occurs as external funding drops sharply.</div><div>The resulting situation presents parallels with the period preceding chloroquine failure across Sub-Saharan Africa. A critical difference exists: molecular surveillance tools can now detect resistance before clinical failure occurs. Whether this capacity translates into effective response will depend on decisions made over the coming years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interdisciplinary-driven generational shifts in vector mosquito surveillance technologies: from traditional traps to smart systems 媒介蚊子监测技术的跨学科驱动的代际转变:从传统陷阱到智能系统
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-09-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100091
Xiang Guo, Ziyao Li, Shu Zeng, Yun Zhou, Tieshan Teng, Yongzhi Li, Yaohui Wang, Xiaohong Zhou, Xiao-Guang Chen
{"title":"Interdisciplinary-driven generational shifts in vector mosquito surveillance technologies: from traditional traps to smart systems","authors":"Xiang Guo,&nbsp;Ziyao Li,&nbsp;Shu Zeng,&nbsp;Yun Zhou,&nbsp;Tieshan Teng,&nbsp;Yongzhi Li,&nbsp;Yaohui Wang,&nbsp;Xiaohong Zhou,&nbsp;Xiao-Guang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquito-borne infectious diseases, such as dengue fever and Chikungunya, are experiencing rapid and sustained increases in both geographic prevalence and epidemic scale, posing a significant and growing threat to global public health systems. From manual specimen collection to the development of traps in 1928 and the recent emergence of automated monitoring tools, interdisciplinary collaboration has served as the central driver of technological advancement. In the current era, propelled by innovations in perception technology, artificial intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoTs), and drones, mosquito surveillance is transitioning from traditional approaches toward intelligent, integrated systems. This evolution holds great promise for establishing efficient, reliable, and precise surveillance networks, thereby advancing the sustainable control of mosquito-borne diseases on a global scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100091"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148934975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Genomic characterization of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis isolated from a urinary tract infection: insights into antibiotic resistance determinant and mobile genetic elements 贺氏肠杆菌亚种的基因组特征。从尿路感染分离的香方虫:抗生素耐药性决定因素和移动遗传因素的见解
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100074
Dého Aristide Gbégbé, Okran Beyosse Christophe Kacou, N'goran Parfait N'zi, Kouamé Abraham N'guessan, Djédoux Maxime Angaman
{"title":"Genomic characterization of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. xiangfangensis isolated from a urinary tract infection: insights into antibiotic resistance determinant and mobile genetic elements","authors":"Dého Aristide Gbégbé,&nbsp;Okran Beyosse Christophe Kacou,&nbsp;N'goran Parfait N'zi,&nbsp;Kouamé Abraham N'guessan,&nbsp;Djédoux Maxime Angaman","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a major public health concern in resource-limited settings, where reliance on conventional urine culture and sensitivity testing may result in misdiagnosis and inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions. This study aimed to provide the first genomic characterization of <em>Enterobacter hormaechei</em> subsp. <em>xiangfangensis</em> isolated from a UTI case in Côte d’Ivoire, focusing on antimicrobial resistance, mobile genetic elements, and epidemiological relevance.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A bacterial isolate (20LM111) was recovered from a UTI patient at Daloa Regional Hospital. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed, followed by genomic DNA extraction, Illumina NextSeq sequencing, and de novo genome assembly. <em>In silico</em> analyses were conducted to identify antimicrobial resistance genes, plasmid replicons, prophage regions, virulence factors, and multilocus sequence type.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The isolate exhibited resistance to doxycycline, tetracycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin–clavulanate, nalidixic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and cefoxitin. Genomic analysis identified the resistance genes dfrA14, blaACT-16_1, and fosA_7, while no virulence-associated genes were detected. The draft genome size was 4,697,941 bp with a GC content of 55.42 % and was assigned to sequence type ST114. Two plasmids (IncFIB[pQil] and IncR) and four prophage regions were identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study highlights the value of whole-genome sequencing for improving UTI diagnostics, monitoring antimicrobial resistance, and enhancing surveillance of high-risk <em>Enterobacter</em> clones in resource-limited settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145927233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mosquito immunity and its defense against malaria parasite 蚊子免疫及其对疟原虫的防御
Decoding Infection and Transmission Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-04-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100081
Meilin Li , Biao He , Yuanli Gao , Wenyue Xu
{"title":"Mosquito immunity and its defense against malaria parasite","authors":"Meilin Li ,&nbsp;Biao He ,&nbsp;Yuanli Gao ,&nbsp;Wenyue Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.dcit.2026.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquito immunity serves as a critical factor limiting the development of <em>Plasmodium</em> parasites within mosquitoes. Unlike vertebrate, mosquitoes rely solely on innate immune responses, which nonetheless effectively suppress <em>Plasmodium</em> development. This review outlines the components and characteristics of the mosquito immune system and summarizes recent advances in understanding immune responses targeting ookinetes, oocysts on the midgut basal lamina, and sporozoites in the hemolymph and salivary glands. It highlights mosquito immune strategies during the two developmental bottlenecks of <em>Plasmodium</em>—pre- and post-oocyst formation, as well as key unresolved scientific questions in the field. This review aims not only provide a crucial theoretical underpinning for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of <em>Plasmodium</em> transmission and developing novel malaria transmission-blocking strategies, but also guide future research directions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100358,"journal":{"name":"Decoding Infection and Transmission","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147713451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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