WHO report signals tuberculosis resurgence: Addressing systemic failures and revamping control strategies

According to the World Health Organization's Global Tuberculosis Report 2024, tuberculosis (TB) has resurged as the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, overtaking Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With 8.2 million diagnoses and 1.25 million deaths in 2023, the highest since monitoring began in 1995, this commentary analyzes factors contributing to TB's resurgence and the limitations of current control strategies. Contributing factors include the diversion of healthcare resources during the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to diagnostic delays and treatment interruptions; the rise of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), complicated by complex treatment regimens and limited diagnostic capacity; socioeconomic barriers such as poverty and overcrowding hindering access to care; and funding shortfalls impeding program implementation and research efforts. We advocate for reevaluating TB control strategies by integrating TB services into primary healthcare, leveraging digital technologies, and investing in capacity building. Addressing drug resistance requires accelerated research, improved diagnostics, and enhanced adherence programs. Essential socioeconomic interventions include poverty alleviation, community engagement, and nutritional support. Securing sustainable funding through increased domestic investment, international cooperation, and private-sector engagement is critical. Reversing TB's resurgence requires global commitment and coordinated action. Political will, robust community involvement, and global solidarity are vital. Ending the TB epidemic is both a medical and moral imperative aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Immediate and decisive action is imperative to prevent further loss of life and achieve a TB-free world.