Advances and challenges in the prevention, control and research of echinococcosis in China

Echinococcosis is a group of chronic zoonotic parasitic diseases caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus tapeworms, which infect both humans and animals. Due to the complex life cycle, broad geographic distribution and wide range of host species of Echinococcus, controlling and eliminating echinococcosis remains highly challenging. Source control and the interruption of transmission pathways are critical but difficult, which always impede prevention and control efforts. Therefore, accurate detection, differentiation, diagnosis, and effective treatment, along with real-time monitoring of infections across various hosts, are essential prerequisites. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current epidemiological status of echinococcosis, research progress, prevention and control measures, and the main challenges in efforts from control toward elimination of the disease in China, with the aim of providing reference for further optimization of present control strategies and surveillance methods.