DeCarbon最新文献

{"title":"A review on nano-micro structure design of fuel cells for efficient heat and mass transport","authors":"Sheng Xu ,&nbsp;Xuexue Fu ,&nbsp;Li Xin ,&nbsp;Fuxiang Huang ,&nbsp;Tao Sheng ,&nbsp;Lun Hua","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) are a cornerstone technology for the emerging hydrogen economy, yet their performance and durability are fundamentally dictated by the intricate interplay of heat and mass transport within the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). Pervasive challenges such as water flooding, membrane dehydration, and local hot spots are direct consequences of mismanaged water, gas, and thermal gradients in the cell's porous microstructures. Therefore, mastering these transport phenomena through rational microstructural design and engineering of the MEA is the most critical approach to breaking current performance barriers. This review charts the recent progress in microstructure engineering aimed at optimizing these transport processes. Our focus is on two critical functional layers. In the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL), we discuss strategies that create synergistic pathways for reactant delivery and water removal by engineering graded porosity and controlled wettability. In the Catalyst Layer (CL), we explore beyond conventional ionomer optimization to highlight a paradigm shift: the transition from disordered electrodes to highly ordered architectures like nanowire and nanotube arrays. These structures dramatically lower mass transport resistance by providing low-tortuosity, direct pathways, thereby significantly boosting the ultimate power density of the cell. Understanding the underlying structure-property correlations is key. We touch upon the advanced tools enabling this, from in-situ visualization techniques like X-ray CT and neutron imaging to multi-scale simulations that offer mechanistic insights and guide future design. However, significant hurdles remain, chiefly the scalable and cost-effective manufacturing of advanced structures with proven long-term durability. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective, identifying Additive Manufacturing (3D printing), machine learning-driven design, and bio-inspired concepts as powerful catalysts that will accelerate the development of next-generation, high-performance, and durable fuel cells. Ultimately, this review serves as a comprehensive and forward-looking guide for the research community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145229891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring structure–property relationships of critical temperatures for binary refrigerant mixtures via group contribution and machine learning","authors":"Jintao Wu ,&nbsp;Yachao Pan ,&nbsp;Jiahui Ren ,&nbsp;Qibin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermodynamic cycles are the main approach of energy conversion, which is the main source of carbon emission. The working fluid is the energy carrier of thermodynamic cycles. And refrigerant is widely employed in low and medium grade energy utilization and heating ventilation and air conditioning. The refrigerant mixtures can effectively combine the advantages of their components, which plays a key role in decarbonization. As a basic thermophysical property, critical temperature, <em>T</em>_c, plays an important role in thermodynamic calculation and thermodynamics system design. In this work, the structure-property relationship models of <em>T</em>_c for binary refrigerants were established by developing predictive models based on 61 binary refrigerants with 275 sets of experimental <em>T</em>_c data and six machine learning algorithms. Also, specific halogenated groups of refrigerants are used to characterize the components and molecular structures of binary mixtures. The Multiple-layer Perceptron model owns the best fitting and generalization ability with the average deviation is lower than 2 ​%. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed model does not rely on any experimental property data or empirical parameters, and can accurately predict <em>T</em>_c of binary refrigerant mixtures directly from their components and mixing ratios. The present work could be guided in building predictive models for other properties, thereby supporting the development of novel refrigerant mixtures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145048558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial scaling of molten carbonate electrolytic carbon capture and production of graphene allotropes","authors":"Kyle Hofstetter ,&nbsp;Gad Licht ,&nbsp;Stuart Licht","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The discovery, advances, and industrial-scale up of a unique electrochemical decarbonization chemistry, which sequesters carbon dioxide to mitigate the existential threat of planetary climate change, are presented. C2CNT® (CO₂ to <u>C</u>arbon <u>N</u>ano<u>T</u>echnology) is the transition metal nucleated electrolytic splitting of CO₂ by its transformation into a wide range of Graphene NanoCarbon allotropes, C_GNC, CO₂ → ​C_GNC ​+ ​O_2, such as carbon nanotubes and carbon nano-onions. The original 2015 C2CNT 0.0005 ​m² electrode process has been scaled to larger than meter-square area electrodes and used in a series of 100 tonne annual CO₂ removal industrial Genesis Device modules. The pathway to a further scale-up to a series of 1000 tonne decarbonization placed in series and forming a megaton annual C2CNT decarbonization plant is illustrated.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144903933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing lead-free halide perovskites: Strategies for enhanced performance and selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction","authors":"Manjing Wang ,&nbsp;Daofu Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaosheng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar energy-powered photocatalytic processes represent a promising avenue for sustainable energy and chemical production. Among these, lead-free halide perovskites (LFHPs) have garnered attention as a next-generation class of photocatalysts for CO₂ reduction, offering the advantages of high light absorption and low toxicity. However, the practical application of LFHPs remains constrained by limited catalytic activity and poor product selectivity. This review discusses the advancements in strategies to enhance the catalytic efficiency of LFHPs, such as compositional engineering, surface passivation, and heterostructure formation. These approaches aim to optimize charge carrier dynamics, reduce recombination rates, and improve stability under reaction conditions. Emphasis is also placed on methods to control product selectivity, including tailored reaction environments, co-catalyst integration, and fine-tuning electronic band structures. The discussion extends to key challenges such as material stability under photocatalytic conditions, scalability for industrial applications, and a deeper understanding of reaction mechanisms at the molecular level. Finally, future prospects highlight the critical role of LFHPs in achieving efficient, scalable, and eco-friendly solar-driven chemical synthesis, highlighting their potential to reshape the landscape of sustainable photocatalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144263672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterizations, and structure-activity relationship of dual-atom catalysts for CO2 electroreduction","authors":"Zhao Li ,&nbsp;Xinde Wei ,&nbsp;Zhaozhao Zhu ,&nbsp;Wu Jiang ,&nbsp;Yangwu Hou ,&nbsp;Rui Yuan ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Dong Xie ,&nbsp;Junjie Wang ,&nbsp;Yingxi Lin ,&nbsp;Rui Wu ,&nbsp;Qingquan Kong ,&nbsp;Jun Song Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction is one of the very effective ways to achieve carbon neutrality, by converting CO₂ into fuels and high-value chemicals. Therefore, it is crucial to design efficient CO₂ reduction electrocatalysts and understand their reaction mechanism. Among various catalysts, dual-atom catalysts (DACs) offer several advantages, including a wide range of reaction types, high stability, customizable design, high reaction selectivity, tunable electronic structure, and strong catalytic activity. It is thus crucial to understand the reaction mechanism of DACs in CO₂ reduction, especially the regulation of critical intermediates. In this review, we focus on the synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and application of DACs. Finally, some challenges and further prospects are also summarized, especially in terms of stability, product selectivity, and large-scale deployment. With the advancement of new materials and computational tools, DACs are poised to play increasingly important roles in CO₂ reduction, providing effective solutions for sustainable energy and environmental protection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances of CO2 hydrogenation to methanol","authors":"Feng Hong ,&nbsp;Yanan Qi ,&nbsp;Zuodong Yang ,&nbsp;Lijun Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Guan ,&nbsp;Jiangyong Diao ,&nbsp;Bo Sun ,&nbsp;Hongyang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasingly serious climate issue compels urgent greenhouse gas mitigation strategies. As a budget, plentiful, renewable feedstock and major contributor to global warming, the large-scale catalytic transformation of CO₂ has attracted widespread attention from society due to its potential as a solution to the environment and energy crises. At present, catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to organic chemicals is the primary approach in its industrial applications. In recent decades, various materials containing Cu-, precious metal-, In-, Zn-, and Ga-based catalysts have been designed for CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol. Likewise, great advances have been made in CO₂-to-chemicals, such as olefins, aromatics, and gasoline by combining CO₂-to-CH₃OH with methanol transformation or tandem reaction of reverse water-gas shift and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis. This review exhibits the recent advances in the hydrogenation of CO₂-to-CH₃OH including the catalyst system, CO₂ activation, nature of active sites, intermediate species (formate or carboxyl), structure-activity relationship, and reaction mechanism. Finally, challenges and outlooks in CO₂ hydrogenation to methanol are summarized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The recent progress of high-entropy layered double hydroxides and high-entropy amorphous materials for water electrocatalysis","authors":"Tadele Hunde Wondimu ,&nbsp;Zuo Yong ,&nbsp;Akeel A. Shah ,&nbsp;Puiki Leung ,&nbsp;Yilkal Dessie ,&nbsp;Filimon Hadish Abraha ,&nbsp;Cristina Flox ,&nbsp;Qiang Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy materials (HEMs), which are typically composed of five or more elements in near-equimolar ratios with concentrations ranging from 5 ​% to 35 ​%, have distinct elemental compositions and geometric properties that allow for the development of advanced electrocatalysts for renewable energy conversion systems. The high-entropy effect, crystal dislocations, cocktail effect, and slow diffusion in high-entropy layered double hydroxides (HE-LDHs) and amorphous materials (HE-AMs) have all been shown to boost electrocatalytic water oxidation performance significantly. These materials exhibit remarkable activity and stability in both alkaline and acidic conditions. HE-AMs, in particular, benefit from a variety of defects, including coordinatively unsaturated sites and loosely connected atoms, which are critical to their improved catalytic capabilities. HEMs engineering and precise nanostructure control can address the low intrinsic activity, restricted active sites, and poor conductivity of binary and ternary amorphous and LDH catalysts. This study discusses current advances in HE-LDHs and HE-AMs for water electrolysis, including synthesis methods, structural features, active site identification by DFT calculations, and their applications in water electrocatalysis. The presentation also covers potential problems and future directions for developing these materials in energy conversion device systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and future of CO2 conversion based on plasma catalysis","authors":"Lefei Cao,&nbsp;Fei Qi,&nbsp;Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Yayun Pu,&nbsp;Xiaosheng Tang,&nbsp;Qiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the issues of the greenhouse effect and energy dilemma, it is a global hot topic on converting CO₂ to valuable chemicals and useable fuels. In this review, firstly, we shortly summarize different CO₂ conversion methods including thermal catalysis, biocatalysis, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and plasma catalysis. Then, a comprehensive overview of the currently explored plasma driven CO₂ conversion is presented, such as microwave discharge plasma, gliding arc discharge plasma, radiofrequency inductively coupled plasma, and dielectric barrier discharge plasma, with an emphasis on their experimental setups, achievements and limitations. Furthermore, the activation of CO₂ conversion via the synergistic effect between the plasma and photocatalyst is discussed in detail. Finally, the associated challenges and future development trends for plasma catalytic CO₂ conversion are briefly concluded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommended electrochemical measurement protocol for oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Chao Wu ,&nbsp;Ying Tang ,&nbsp;Anqi Zou ,&nbsp;Junhua Li ,&nbsp;Haoyan Meng ,&nbsp;Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Jiagang Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing highly active and stable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive OER catalyst database. However, the absence of a standardized benchmarking protocol has hindered this progress. In this work, we present a systematic protocol for electrochemical measurements to thoroughly evaluate the activity and stability of OER electrocatalysts. We begin with a detailed introduction to constructing the electrochemical system, encompassing experimental setup and the selection criteria for electrodes and electrolytes. Potential contaminants originating from electrolytes, cells, and electrodes are identified and their impacts are discussed. We also examine the effects of external factors, such as temperature, magnetic fields, and natural light, on OER measurements. The protocol outlines operational mechanisms and recommended settings for various electrochemical techniques, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (PEIS), Tafel slope analysis, and pulse voltammetry (PV). We summarize existing evaluation methodologies for assessing intrinsic activities and long-term stabilities of catalysts. Based on these discussions, we propose a comprehensive protocol for evaluating OER electrocatalysts’ performance. Finally, we offer perspectives on advancing OER catalysts from laboratory research to industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in interfacial engineering for high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics","authors":"Zhijie Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng Gong ,&nbsp;Cong Zhang ,&nbsp;Chenxu Zhao ,&nbsp;Tzu-Sen Su ,&nbsp;Haiyun Li ,&nbsp;Hong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2025.100107","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Through strategies such as process optimization, solvent selection, and component tuning, the crystallization of perovskite materials has been effectively controlled, enabling perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to achieve over 25 ​% power conversion efficiency (PCE). However, as PCE continues to improve, interfacial issues within the devices have emerged as critical bottlenecks, hindering further performance enhancements. Recently, interfacial engineering has driven transformative progress, pushing PCEs to nearly 27 ​%. Building upon these developments, this review first summarizes the pivotal role of interfacial modifications in elevating device performance and then, as a starting point, provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in normal, inverted, and tandem structure devices. Finally, based on the current progress of PSCs, preliminary perspectives on future directions are presented.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143636278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}