DeCarbon最新文献

{"title":"Filter paper as electrolyte flow transport using vaporized methanol as fuel in a microfluidic fuel cell: Experimental and numerical simulation","authors":"A. Moreno-Zuria ,&nbsp;J.G. Rivera ,&nbsp;A.U. Chávez-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Mohamed Mohamedi","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2024.100046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2024.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, we present a design of a paper-based microfluidic fuel cell (μFC), which employs the spontaneous capillary flow of reactant solutions in a filter paper to accomplish passive conveyance of the fuel and oxidant. This self-pumping device uses methanol vapor as a fuel. The gas phase in the microfluidic fuel cell increases the fuel supply to the anode due to a higher diffusion coefficient of 1.5 ​× ​10⁻⁵ ​m² ​s⁻¹ compared with 5 ​× ​10⁻⁹ ​m² ​s⁻¹ for liquid phase. An air-breathing cathode is incorporated to paper-based μFC through which atmospheric oxygen is continuously supplied. The paper-based μFC performance is studied by polarization curves and chronoamperometry to determinate the power output and stability. Peak power of 1.49 ​mW and a stable current of 1.35 ​mA at 0.35 ​V for 28 ​h can be achieved with this prototype under room temperature. To interpret the device performance a numerical model is developed and validated with the experimental polarization curve. The fuel and oxidant concentration profiles in the electrodes from the model demonstrates a constant species availability at the cathode and anode and explains the stable current obtained in the experimental measurements. Subsequently, a stack of four MμFCFP was developed and evaluated in both series and parallel connections. In the parallel configuration, a maximum open circuit potential (OCP) of 0.69 ​V with a maximum current and power output of 34.53 ​mA and 4.14 ​mW are delivered, respectively. Conversely, in the series connection, a total current of 7.35 ​mA, an OCP of 2.39 ​V and a maximum power of 3.57 ​mW are reached. As a proof of concept, the stack successfully operates a 3 green LEDs array, each requiring a 2.1–2.5 ​V and 4.2–5 ​mW power to function, for a continuous duration of 3 ​h.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294988132400012X/pdfft?md5=f9b0ee1bf17c41f260350e56a464fc22&pid=1-s2.0-S294988132400012X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140644438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heat pump assists in energy transition: Challenges and approaches","authors":"Xiaoxue Kou,&nbsp;Ruzhu Wang,&nbsp;Shuai Du,&nbsp;Zhenyuan Xu,&nbsp;Xuancan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aligning with ambitious targets and commitments towards carbon neutrality, countries around the world are desperately seeking an energy transition to cope with the stark reality of the climate crisis and the surge in demand for heating and cooling. Increased penetration of renewable power is foreshadowing a shift in global energy dominance, from fossil fuel based heating to renewable power based heating. However, we have to address four underlying challenges in energy transition, including (1) to achieve heat electrification, (2) to utilize decommissioned thermal power plants, (3) to meet the demand for large-scale heat storage, and (4) to puzzle out the final “10 ​%” emissions. Given the above challenges, we put forth four heat pump-assisted approaches to break the bottleneck of energy transition and facilitate effective incentive strategies for policymakers. We highlight that the efficiency and flexibility of heat pumps in thermal energy regulation enable them to push forward an immense influence on the future energy transition for the heating/cooling supply that accounts for 50 ​% of the energy consumption for users and the last “10 ​%” carbon emissions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100033"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949881323000331/pdfft?md5=3fc82ef1e3c07dbaa7f1c45c51c8432c&pid=1-s2.0-S2949881323000331-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138581987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-printed biomimetic structures for energy and environmental applications","authors":"Jiaming Li ,&nbsp;Mengli Li ,&nbsp;J. Justin Koh ,&nbsp;John Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyang Lyu","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomimetic structures involve design and fabrication to mimic the natural world, taking inspiration from the unique shapes, patterns, and functions of biological organisms. This approach has proven to be highly effective in building new functional and efficient structures for many applications. While it is often challenging to fabricate some of the complex biomimetic structures, the development of 3D printing technologies in recent years has made it more feasible, being a powerful tool for fabricating complex structures with high precision and accuracy, at the much reduced use of starting materials. In this review, we will examine the current state of biomimetic structures fabricated by 3D printing techniques and their specific applications in energy and environmental fields for the decarbonization demand. The different selected types of biomimetic structures that have been constructed using 3D printing, the materials used, and the unique properties obtained will be explored. Subsequently, some typical biomimetic structures for energy and environmental applications, such as supercapacitors, zinc-air batteries, oil/water separation, self-cleaning, water collection, droplet manipulation, etc., will be discussed. Finally, the opportunities in this rapidly changing area will be analyzed, hoping to provide insights into the innovative pathways that 3D-printed biomimetic structures can be used to address some challenges in energy and environmental areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100026"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949881323000264/pdfft?md5=cc6d079cd98695a96fb37c17633fb7af&pid=1-s2.0-S2949881323000264-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress and issues in p-i-n type perovskite solar cells","authors":"Hui Zhang ,&nbsp;Nam-Gyu Park","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>P-i-n type perovskite solar cells (PSCs) manifest some promising advantages in terms of remarkable operational stability, low-temperature processability, and compatibility for multi-junction devices, whereas they have relatively low efficiency compared to n-i-p type PSCs because of mismatched energy level alignment and poor interface quality at both n- and p-type contacts. Recently, great progress has been achieved in the p-i-n type PSCs, and efficiencies exceeding 25 ​% have been reported from different research groups. Herein, state-of-the-art strategies in the deployment of high-performance p-i-n type PSCs have been systematically reviewed including engineering top-surface and buried interface of perovskite films with eliminated non-radiative charge recombination, modulating conduction types of the perovskites with well aligned energy level to facilitate charge transport, and designing effective hole transport materials for lossless charge extraction, and so on, based on which perspectives in the further design of efficient, stable and scalable p-i-n type PSCs are provided from the aspects of materials design, device fabrication, scalability and functionalization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100025"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949881323000252/pdfft?md5=c09dda5f296e54a8975b90796ffefd48&pid=1-s2.0-S2949881323000252-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135761217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A compact hybridized triboelectric-electromagnetic road energy harvester for vehicle speed measurement","authors":"Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Sihua Liao ,&nbsp;Dan Liu ,&nbsp;Weiming Qing ,&nbsp;Kexiang Wei ,&nbsp;Linchuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongxiang Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2024.100036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2024.100036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Harvesting the mechanical energy dissipated by vehicles passing over road to power micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) is an important way to realize self-powered traffic condition monitoring. However, the limitations of traditional vehicle energy harvesting speed bumps such as single functionality and heavy-shock on vehicles are not conducive to developing energy harvesting speed bumps for multi-functionalization, versatility and intelligence. In this work, a compact hybridized triboelectric-electromagnetic road energy harvester (CHREH) device is designed. The vehicle's wheels impact force drives the sliding plate movement and triggers the triboelectric generator (TENG) unit and electromagnetic generator (EMG) unit to produce electricity. The enhanced TENG built by multi-layer folded structure is assembled using rGO and surface-patterning modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite film. Furthermore, the mechanism and electrical output performance of EMG and TENG are theoretically simulated and experimentally tested. Particularly, TENG unit achieved a peak power of 7.21 ​mW and the EMG unit reached a peak power of 0.74 ​mW at an excitation frequency of 5 ​Hz, in addition to the superior durability. Further, the demonstration of application of self-powered car warning and speed monitoring were conducted. The CHREH offers a feasible approach for self-powered applications deployable to the low power consumption electronic devices and ITS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100036"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949881324000027/pdfft?md5=f5f677688f4c0726774036642665ff8c&pid=1-s2.0-S2949881324000027-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140103654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, characterizations, and applications of vacancies-containing materials for energy storage systems","authors":"Jingjing Wang ,&nbsp;Yiguang Zhou ,&nbsp;Junyi Li ,&nbsp;Lei Zhao ,&nbsp;Ying Zhu ,&nbsp;Yamei Wang ,&nbsp;Rui Wu ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Daniel John Blackwood ,&nbsp;Jun Song Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2024.100037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2024.100037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Introduction of vacancies is a widely practiced method to improve the performance of active materials in different energy systems, such as secondary batteries, electrocatalysis, and supercapacitors. Because vacancies can generate abundant localized electrons and unsaturated cations, the incorporation of vacancies will significantly improve the electrical conductivity, ion migration, and provides additional active sites of energy storage materials. This article systematically reviews different methods to generate oxygen, nitrogen, or selenium vacancies, and techniques to characterize these vacancies. We summarize the specific roles that vacancies play for the active materials in each type of energy storage devices. Additionally, we provide insights into the research progress and challenges associated with the future development of vacancies technology in various energy storage systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100037"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949881324000039/pdfft?md5=da3f446e65818dee8092c41d6e713ecb&pid=1-s2.0-S2949881324000039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140191435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining green-sustainable approaches for recycling of lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Kuan Sun ,&nbsp;Xun Wang ,&nbsp;Qing Wang ,&nbsp;John Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The ever-rising demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in the coming two decades has created a substantial market for battery recycling industry. The rejuvenation of spent batteries will not only transform the huge quantity of solid wastes into valuable resources but also promote the sustainable use of natural resources, while mitigating the environmental risks in association with landfills. Despite the significant progress made in the recovery efficiency through various recycling methods, including pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy and direct recycling, each of the currently-used methods is not an entirely pollution-free activity. Herein, the concept of “green” approach is proposed to encompass the “3L” criteria, which denotes Less energy consumption, Less greenhouse gas emissions, and Less operational cost. To achieve this great objective, the green potential for various recycling methods is examined in this overview. Additionally, we systematically discuss the optimal approaches for enhancing environmental friendliness while maintaining high recovery efficiency, with particular emphasis on the mild leaching and relithiation processes. Furthermore, in targeting of the main challenges of inadequate scalability, poor battery traceability, and high labor consumption, a multiple closed-loop recycling roadmap that includes regulation, artificial intelligence-assisted pretreatment, targeted recycling and other novel applications, is developed, highlighting the green-sustainable concept for the next-generation battery recycling industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949881323000343/pdfft?md5=f988438f2f1143e4a3d45693a4e9e785&pid=1-s2.0-S2949881323000343-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138582260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress of interface self-assembled monolayers engineering organic optoelectronic devices","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Deyang Ji ,&nbsp;Wenping Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2024.100035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.decarb.2024.100035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Numerous reports have suggested that the performance of organic optoelectronic devices based on organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) is largely dependent on their interfaces. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) have been commonly used to engineer the interfaces of high-performance devices, particularly due to their well-defined structures and simple operation process through simple chemical adsorption growth. In this review, the structures of OFETs and SAM-modified OFETs are described, while different SAMs have been characterized. Furthermore, recent advances in the interface engineering of OFETs are described, the applicability of SAMs in functional devices of OFETs is reviewed, and existing problems and future developments in this field have been identified.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100035"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949881324000015/pdfft?md5=1d986a564acc8af77c34c9cac922dbd8&pid=1-s2.0-S2949881324000015-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of the applications of machine learning for HVAC","authors":"S.L. Zhou,&nbsp;A.A. Shah,&nbsp;P.K. Leung,&nbsp;X. Zhu,&nbsp;Q. Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) accounts for around 40% of the total building energy consumption. It has therefore become a major target for reductions, in terms of both energy usage and CO₂ emissions. In the light of progress in building intelligence and energy technologies, traditional methods for HVAC optimization, control, and fault diagnosis will struggle to meet essential requirements such as energy efficiency, occupancy comfort and reliable fault detection. Machine learning and data science have great potential in this regard, particularly with developments in information technology and sensor equipment, providing access to large volumes of high-quality data. There remains, however, a number of challenges before machine learning can gain widespread adoption in industry. This review summarizes the recent literature on machine learning for HVAC system optimization, control and fault detection. Unlike other reviews, we provide a comprehensive coverage of the applications, including the factors considered. A brief overview of machine learning and its applications to HVAC is provided, after which we critically appraise the recent literature on control, optimization and fault diagnosis and detection. Finally, we provide a comprehensive discussion on the limitations of current research and suggest future research directions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100023"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-noble metal single atom-based catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2: Synthesis approaches and performance evaluation","authors":"Yichen Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Liu ,&nbsp;Mingyu Zhu ,&nbsp;Zixuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongshan Chen ,&nbsp;Suhua Wang ,&nbsp;Zhuoyu Ji ,&nbsp;Hui Yang ,&nbsp;Xiangke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Limiting global carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission is imperative to alleviate global warming and meet the growing energy demand. Electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction is a promising approach for achieving this goal. The utilization of single atom-based catalysts (SACs) has garnered substantial attention in this particular field. Although noble metal SACs offer many advantages in CO₂ reduction, their high cost and scarcity have deterred many researchers. Consequently, the focus has shifted toward low-priced transition metals, which have shown better performance than some rare metals. This comprehensive review focuses on the research advances in electrocatalysis for CO₂ reduction reaction using SACs in the past five years. The main synthesis strategies of SACs in recent years are also summarized in detail. Furthermore, based on the difference in the catalytic performance and stability of different catalysts, the review summarizes the performance of non-noble metal SACs (such as Fe, Ni, Co, Mn, Cu, Sn, and Zn) with single metal sites in CO₂ reduction reaction. The discussion of the potential mechanisms is included. Finally, the review ends by presenting an outlook on the difficulties and possibilities inherent in this developing area of single atom electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100018"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49766177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}