DeCarbon最新文献

{"title":"Meeting decarbonization targets: Techno-economic insights from the Italian scenario","authors":"Massimo Beccarello,&nbsp;Giacomo Di Foggia","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The European plan for a green transition includes the Fit for 55 package, designed to pave the way for climate neutrality. Despite its significant implications for cleaner technologies, it potentially correlates with high investment requirements, necessitating the pursuit of cost-effective environmental policies. Starting from the reference scenario previously envisaged in the Energy and Climate Plan, socioeconomic and environmental impacts are assessed using mixed methods. It is estimated that €1120 bn in investments are needed to meet decarbonization targets, while the total impact on public finance revenues to 2030 is projected at €529 bn. Additionally, the avoided costs of emissions amount to €36 bn, while those from energy savings are expected to reach €30 bn. This paper adds value by contributing to the literature on European climate policies, offering an in-depth appraisal of implications that integrates technoeconomic and environmental perspectives. Furthermore, it informs policymakers' public spending decisions for decarbonization.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49759900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural drying yields efficient perovskite solar cells","authors":"Chuantian Zuo ,&nbsp;Liguo Tan ,&nbsp;Hua Dong ,&nbsp;Jiangzhao Chen ,&nbsp;Feng Hao ,&nbsp;Chenyi Yi ,&nbsp;Liming Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Natural drying (without spin coating or assistance of antisolvent, gas, or vacuum) might be the least-cost drying method to make perovskite films for solar cells. However, perovskite films made without quenching generally show undesirable morphology and low photovoltaic performance. In this work, we developed a high-throughput screening method to find the perovskite compositions that can form high-quality film without quenching process. We found that composition-graded perovskite films can be easily made by using a solution interdiffusion process, which produces perovskite films with continuously changing composition and the resulting film morphology, enabling fast screening of desired perovskite compositions. Several perovskites (CsPbI₂Br, FA_0.4Cs_0.6PbI₃, FA_0.2MA_0.8PbI₃, and FA_0.95Cs_0.05PbI₃) which can form high-quality films without quenching were successfully found. FA_0.95Cs_0.05PbI₃ films yield a PCE of 23.28%, which is the highest PCE for perovskite solar cells with naturally-dried perovskite layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100020"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NIR-absorbing polymer acceptor for efficient all-polymer solar cells with a record-high photocurrent of 26.5 ​mA ​cm−2","authors":"Qunping Fan ,&nbsp;Huiting Fu ,&nbsp;Hairui Bai ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Kexin Huang ,&nbsp;Qingdong Zheng ,&nbsp;Wei Ma ,&nbsp;Alex K.-Y. Jen","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Achieving high short-circuit current density (<em>J</em>_SC) to boost power conversion efficiency (PCE) of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is a major challenge, mainly due to the difficulty in developing high-performance near-infrared (NIR)-absorbing polymer acceptors. Herein, a new polymer acceptor named PY2Se–4F employing a Y-series small-molecule acceptor as the precursor is designed and synthesized. Thanks to its unique molecular backbone structure combining selenophene-fused central core and bi-fluorinated end-group, PY2Se–4F shows desirable NIR-absorption with a spectral onset approaching 1000 ​nm, which is beneficial for obtaining high <em>J</em>_SC when matched with wide bandgap polymer donors such as PM6 and D18. For the binary all-PSCs, PM6:PY2Se–4F delivers a record-high <em>J</em>_SC of 26.5 ​mA ​cm⁻², which is superior to that of D18:PY2Se–4F, mainly due to stronger absorption in the range of 600–700 ​nm. In contrast, the D18:PY2Se–4F combination exhibits more favorable blend morphology, higher and more balanced charge-transporting, and less non-radiative energy loss compared with the PM6:PY2Se–4F. As a result, the D18:PY2Se–4F-based devices offer an improved PCE of 16.1 ​% with a <em>J</em>_SC of 25.5 ​mA ​cm⁻² and both higher photovoltage and fill factor, while the related PCE and <em>J</em>_SC are ones of the top values among the reported binary all-PSCs. The results indicate that PY2Se–4F is a promising NIR-absorbing polymer acceptor for obtaining efficient all-PSCs with record-high <em>J</em>_SC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949881323000240/pdfft?md5=bcf66868b8ff73766b3bf7ee978748bd&pid=1-s2.0-S2949881323000240-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92108533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) plastics in seawater","authors":"Meixin Guan ,&nbsp;Hui Jin ,&nbsp;Wenwen Wei ,&nbsp;Mi Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The world's marine litter consists mainly of plastic, and 99% of it does not float on the surface of the sea but on the seabed. The plastic carbon footprint necessarily includes the extraction or manufacture of raw materials, the conversion process, the distribution of products, the consumption of specific types of products and the disposal of the final product, as all these stages release carbon into the atmosphere. This work, inspired by marine microplastics and investigates how plastic waste is degraded and transformed in high-pressure, low-temperature seawater, this paper investigates the corrosion of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP) plastics in seawater at high-pressure, using artificial seawater temperatures to simulate ocean temperatures of approximately 4 ​°C and time settings of 1 day–7 days. The results show that increasing the time enhances the degradation of the plastics and that changing the pressure has little effect on the degradation effect. Understanding its degradation in seawater can help us to better treat plastic waste and thus reduce the carbon footprint of the disposal process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100006"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49755235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the effective electron mass on the hot electron collection","authors":"Dengcheng Lu ,&nbsp;Cunyun Xu ,&nbsp;Yuanxin Zhong ,&nbsp;Jun Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng He ,&nbsp;Hongyu Bian ,&nbsp;Pengju Guo ,&nbsp;Wenqi Zeng ,&nbsp;Zezhuan Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhongjun Dai ,&nbsp;QunLiang Song","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The dominant factor for hot electron collecting in internally photoemitted hot carrier (IPHC) devices is still not clear under steady-state low intensity light. We here use SnO₂ as the electron-collecting layer to replace TiO₂ to construct IPHC devices. Almost no photoresponse is observed for the pure SnO₂-based IPHC device. However, when an insulating MgO layer or TiO₂ covered SnO₂, relatively large photocurrent generated from hot electrons can be achieved. The effective electron mass (EEM) is figured out to be the dominate factor in hot electron collection in IPHC devices. The very small EEM of SnO₂ results in a small emission cone of hot electrons. Also due to the small EEM of SnO₂, the leakage of trapped electrons back to the Au is very large. Because of these two reasons, the SnO₂-based IPHC device shows almost no photoresponse. MgO can block the backflow of electrons (leakage), while the larger EEM of TiO₂ can increase the emission cone of hot electrons. Our finding is significant for understanding hot electrons collection and will give new directions for hot carrier solar cell applications under low-intensity excitation at steady state.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100002"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49755273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MXene reconciles concurrent enhancement of thermal conductivity and mechanical robustness of SiC-based thermal energy storage composites","authors":"Jianguo Wang ,&nbsp;Xianglei Liu ,&nbsp;Qiao Xu ,&nbsp;Qingyang Luo ,&nbsp;Yimin Xuan","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Latent heat thermal energy storage techniques based on phase change materials (PCMs) play a vital role in efficient and stable utilization of intermittent solar and thermal energy sources. However, low thermal conductivity and poor mechanical strength are daunting bottlenecks of traditional PCMs, inhibiting their wide applications. Here, we successfully enhance both thermal conductivity and mechanical robustness of porous SiC-based composite phase change materials (CPCMs) via doping MXene into SiC skeletons, which are superior to state-of-the-art ceramic CPCMs. The thermal conductivity of MXene-doped CPCMs achieves 15.21 ​W/(m·K) at a porosity of 72.9%, which is 25% higher than that of undoped counterparts. The underlying mechanism lies in that the oxide layer on the surface of MXene melts at a high temperature, filling the gap between SiC grains and optimizing the thermal transport path. Compared with virgin SiC skeletons, the flexural strength and compressive strength of MXene-doped skeletons are enhanced by 20% and 29%, respectively. This is because MXene removed from the oxide layer disperses in the ceramic matrix and improves the mechanical strength of the composite through pull-out, crack deflection and the change of fracture mode. Superior cycle stability and thermal shock resistance are also demonstrated. High thermal conductivity, robust mechanical strength, exceptional stability, and high solar absorptance enable prepared composites to realize high-performance dual-functional thermal and solar energy storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100005"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49755232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the cost variability of emissions abatement in small-scale on-farm anaerobic digestion","authors":"Jorge Diaz Huerta ,&nbsp;Archishman Bose ,&nbsp;David M. Wall ,&nbsp;Jerry D. Murphy ,&nbsp;Richard O'Shea","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Agriculture is considered a hard to abate sector in which 2050 net-zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions targets will be challenging. Anaerobic digestion is a technology that can reduce agricultural emissions whilst producing renewable energy and a biofertiliser. In Ireland this technology was previously evaluated to be a high cost of abatement solution. However, it is not clear if the potential variations in anaerobic digestion systems were accounted for in these analyses; scale, plant design, technology, feedstock and biogas end-use differ between systems and can directly impact abatement costs. This study assesses different biogas end-use options (generation of heat, electricity and biomethane) and varying farm sizes for on-farm anaerobic digestion systems digesting grass silage and cattle slurry feedstocks. To evaluate and compare each biogas end-use for the varying farm sizes, the abatement cost and potential was obtained based on the net present value (NPV) and the total discounted GHG emissions for each system configuration. The abatement cost of the on-farm anaerobic digestion systems assessed varied between −7 €/tCO_2eq to 816 €/tCO_2eq. For a farm with 185 dairy cows, the integration of anaerobic digestion with the use of a boiler to produce heat sold through a district heating network was found to be a financially viable option. Biogas upgrading to produce biomethane was not financially viable due to the high operational and capital costs of small-scale upgrading systems. A key result of the analysis shows that if a single input variable is changed within the system boundary, the financial and environmental performance of a system can be significantly changed. For example, an increase in tariffs and biomethane sale prices can substantially improve the financial viability from +72 €/tCO_2eq to −227 €/tCO_2eq. Similarly, a higher cost for grass silage feedstock (€43 per tonne) will unfavourably impact the abatement cost; raising it from −7 €/tCO_2eq to 492 €/tCO_2eq.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49759948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A numerical model for a thermally regenerative electrochemical cycled flow battery for low-temperature thermal energy harvesting","authors":"Sitong Li ,&nbsp;Weiguang Wang ,&nbsp;Yusong Liu ,&nbsp;Hua Tian ,&nbsp;Gequn Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low-temperature thermal energy (&lt;130 °C) recycling and utilization can significantly increase energy efficiency and reduce CO₂ emissions. Among various technologies for heat-to-electricity conversion, thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle (TREC) has garnered significant attention for remarkable efficiency in thermal energy utilization. The thermally regenerative electrochemical cycled flow battery (TREC-FB) in this paper offers several advantages, including continuous power output and operating without an external power supply. The goal of this investigation is to enhance the understanding of how various parameters affect system performance through simulation, thus optimizing cell performance. In this work, based on the conservation equations and electrochemical equations, the two-dimensional steady models coupled with the flow field and electrochemical field of high-temperature cell and low-temperature cell are constructed separately by COMSOL Multiphysics. The diffusion coefficient and kinetic parameters in the model were obtained by cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA) and Tafel electrochemical measurements for subsequent application in the models. Experimental results have confirmed the validity of this model. The main focus of this work is to examine how the system performance is impacted by various factors including current density, electrolyte flow rate, temperature coefficient, porous electrode geometry, heat recuperation efficiency, and temperature difference between hot and cold cells. The results indicate that a larger electrolyte flow rate leads to larger power density, but reduces system efficiency. Smaller porous electrode thickness, higher temperature coefficient, higher heat recuperation efficiency and larger temperature difference between the cells can enhance the system performance. This work offers a new guide for further enhancing TREC-FB performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100007"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49755240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible combinatorial ionic/electronic thermoelectric converters to efficiently harvest heat from both temperature gradient and temperature fluctuation","authors":"Qiujian Le,&nbsp;Hanlin Cheng,&nbsp;Jianyong Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is of great significance to develop novel heat-harvesting technology due to abundant waste heat on earth. Although thermoelectric generators (TEGs) based on the Seebeck effect under temperature gradient has been studied for more than 200 years, their thermoelectric (TE) performance is still not good enough for large-scale practical application. Ionic TE materials can exhibit much higher thermovoltage than electronic conductors, but they can be used to harvest heat merely from temperature fluctuation. In order to take the advantages of these two types of TE materials, we developed flexible combinatorial TE converters (CTECs) with an ionic TE capacitor (ITEC) made of an ionogel and a TEG consisted of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which were connected in parallel, that is, the electrodes of the ITEC and TEG at the hot end are wired together, while those at the cold end are connected. These CTECs can harvest heat from both temperature gradient by the TEG and temperature fluctuation by the ITEC. Their TE performances are sensitive to the factors like heating/cooling rates, temperature gradient profile and internal resistance of the TEG. The specific average power supplied by the CTEC can be up to 4.7 times as that of the control TEG with PEDOT:PSS. Moreover, the TE performance can be further improved by combining an ITEC with a TEG consisted of both <em>p</em>- and <em>n</em>-type legs in series, which can generate a specific average power as 5.8 times as the CTECs with the TEG of only one p-type leg.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49760423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new platform for clean energy and sustainable environment in the new era of decarbonization","authors":"Qiang Liao,&nbsp;Kuan Sun,&nbsp;John Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.decarb.2023.100001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100356,"journal":{"name":"DeCarbon","volume":"1 ","pages":"Article 100001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49760400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}