Cleaner Materials最新文献

{"title":"3D-printable mortars incorporating municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash: Linking hydration to extrudability and mechanical performance","authors":"Jiao-Long Zhang ,&nbsp;Yong Yuan ,&nbsp;Imoleayo Oluwatoyin Fatoyinbo ,&nbsp;Lujie Zhou ,&nbsp;Qing Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100358","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100358","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) bottom ash, when added as a mineral additive in printed concrete, promotes sustainable construction. In this study, the impact of using this ash on the rheological behavior, mechanical strength, and hydration of printable mortar was examined. MSWI bottom ash replaces cement in corresponding specimens labelled M−10, M−20, and M−30. The hydration behavior was analyzed using isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Rheological properties were assessed using a rheometer, penetration tests, and flow table tests. Additionally, the mechanical response of MSWI bottom ash-based printed mortar under compressive and flexural loading was evaluated. The results showed a reduction in calcium hydroxide content and formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate phases, enhancing hydration. Structuration rates were 11, 8.8, 12.3, and 7.5 kPa/min for M−0, M−10, M−20, and M−30, with M−20 achieving a 4 % increase over the reference mix. This increment is nontrivial because it results in an absolute increase of 8 layers and a 57 % relative improvement in buildability. The initial yield stress of M−20 was 0.55 kPa, classified as moderately stiff for extrusion and layer support. At 28 days, the anisotropy coefficient for flexural strength decreased from 0.159 in M−0 to 0.110 in M−20. The findings demonstrate that incorporating 20 % MSWI bottom ash enhances rheological performance and reduces the anisotropy coefficient. These improvements are due to the physical filler effect of fine ash particles and the pozzolanic reaction, which contribute to particle cohesion and the formation of C–S–H. Therefore, 20 % MSWI bottom ash is the optimal replacement level for 3D printable mortar.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100358"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spontaneous grain refinement induced by thiourea derivatives enables energy-efficient manganese production","authors":"Haidong Zhong,&nbsp;Yang Song,&nbsp;Tingting Hu,&nbsp;Jun Du,&nbsp;Changyuan Tao,&nbsp;Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient and energy-saving electrodeposition of manganese remains challenging due to inhomogeneous deposition and competing hydrogen evolution at cathodic interfaces. Here, we report a dynamic molecular adsorption strategy using trace thiourea derivatives to regulate interfacial ion transport and nucleation behavior, achieving spontaneous grain refinement within the electrodeposited layer. Combined computational and experimental analyses reveal that thiourea derivatives construct a dynamic adsorption layer at the electrode/electrolyte interface, increasing the nucleation overpotential. Meanwhile, the electron-donating coordination of thiourea derivatives regulates the solvation structure of Mn²⁺ and reduces interfacial water activity. This approach achieves spatially uniform Mn nucleation and spontaneous phase transition from metastable γ-Mn to stable α-Mn with refined grains, accompanied by a reduction in average grain size to 1.129 μm. With the methylthiourea (MTU) additive, we achieve 86.87 % current efficiency (a 4.61 % improvement) at reduced energy consumption of 4328.47 kWh t⁻¹ (a 6.28 % reduction). Application in aqueous all-manganese batteries demonstrates an average Coulombic efficiency of 80.85 % over 30 cycles. This work proposes a molecular-level interfacial engineering strategy that enables cleaner metal electrodeposition and sustainable aqueous energy-storage applications, offering a new design paradigm for Mn metal as a clean and sustainable material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145684676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel carbonation curing of cementitious materials using different amine absorbents","authors":"Farzad Rezaeicherati,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadegh Tale Masoule,&nbsp;Joshua Prabahar,&nbsp;Ali Ghahremaninezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonation curing offers a promising solution for improving the physical and mechanical properties of cement-based materials while reducing their carbon footprint. However, challenges such as limited CO₂ diffusion within cement matrices hinder the full potential of this method. To overcome these limitations, this study introduced a novel approach using pre-carbonated amine solutions as CO₂ absorbents. Three different amines including monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and piperazine (PZ) were evaluated at the concentrations of 0.5 %, 5 %, and 15 % as mixing solution and at 30 % as curing solution. The study assessed CO₂ sequestration potential using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical and physical properties using compressive strength tests, water absorption, and dry density measurements. The results demonstrated that carbonated solutions as mixing agents significantly enhanced carbonation, with MEA and DEA outperforming PZ. In terms of mechanical properties, amine solutions at concentrations of 0.5 % and 5 % as mixing agents maintained compressive strength, while higher concentrations caused strength reduction due to the retardation effects of amines. This study identified carbonated MEA and DEA solutions at 5 % concentration as optimal mixing agents, achieving significant improvement in CO₂ sequestration, while reducing water absorption and maintaining mechanical properties. FTIR and TGA identified calcite as the primary polymorph of calcium carbonate in the carbonated pastes with amines. In contrast, amine solutions as curing solutions showed limited potential for both carbonation and strength improvement. These findings provide a pathway for developing more efficient carbonation curing methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100339"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges and opportunities of vitrimers for aerospace applications: a roadmap for industrial adoption","authors":"Bernard Mahoney ,&nbsp;Kingsley Yeboah Gyabaah ,&nbsp;Patrick Mensah ,&nbsp;Anthony Kwasi Martey ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitrimer, a class of dynamically crosslinked polymers, exhibits a unique combination of processability and mechanical robustness, positioning them as a compelling alternative to conventional thermosets. By facilitating network rearrangement through exchangeable covalent bonds, these materials maintain their structural integrity while enabling reshaping, reprocessing, recycling, and damage self-healing. This capability addresses key limitations in aerospace composites, where heal-ability, recyclability, and thermal stability are critical design requirements. Despite these advantages, several challenges must be overcome before vitrimer can be fully integrated into aerospace applications. Mechanical strength, stiffness, and toughness, long-term durability under extreme operating conditions, and compatibility with automated composite manufacturing processes such as Automated Fiber Placement remain areas of active research. Recent studies indicate that vitrimer-based carbon fiber composites demonstrate improved performance metrics, particularly in impact resistance and damage tolerance, suggesting their viability for structural applications. However, further investigations are required to optimize resin formulations, refine processing parameters, incorporate multifunctionalities, and establish industry-standard testing protocols. Addressing these factors could enable the broader adoption of vitrimer, advancing the development of sustainable, high-performance aerospace materials. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) could be a powerful tool to help design and discover new multifunctional vitrimer for aerospace applications. The use of vitrimer in aerospace applications offers significant potential for reducing material waste, enhancing recyclability, and lowering lifecycle energy consumption, which aligns with the principles of cleaner materials and cleaner production and sustainable material engineering. This work bridges the knowledge gap between cleaner material design and system-level sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145363190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reactive-phase-driven predictive model for compressive strength of solid waste-based alkali-activated materials","authors":"Guanqi Wei,&nbsp;Biqin Dong,&nbsp;Rongxin Peng,&nbsp;Penghui Wang,&nbsp;Yanshuai Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent variability in reactivity among industrial solid wastes hinders the standardized mix design of alkali-activated materials (AAMs). To address this, a novel reactive-phase-driven predictive model based on optimized clustering of amorphous aluminosilicate phases is proposed. Using backscattered electron and energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis, amorphous aluminosilicates in solid wastes, e.g., fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag, and circulating fluidized bed ash, were classified into 42 groups via atomic ratios (Si + Al)/Ca (1, 1.5, 2.3, 4, 9, ∞) and Si/Al (0.3, 0.7, 1, 1.5, 2.3, 4, ∞). Furthermore, these groups were grounded into nine grades (H20, H30, H40, H50, H60, H70, H80, H90, H130) based on microhardness of alkali-activated synthesized phases. Results revealed that medium-hardness grade phases (H40–H70) exhibited the highest reaction degrees (70.1–95 %) and strong positive correlation with compressive strength (σc) (R = 0.62–0.81), while low/high-hardness phases negatively impacted performance. A grey wolf optimizer-enhanced backpropagation neural network model, utilizing phase content as input, achieved exceptional prediction accuracy, significantly outperforming conventional solid-waste-dosage-driven models in terms of scientific rigor and cross-waste applicability. This study establishes a more universal amorphous aluminosilicates classification framework and ultimately enabling intelligent design of multi-source solid waste-based AAMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100359"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145617855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the hydraulic conductivity of fly ash-clay landfill liners with interpretable ensemble learning","authors":"Manikanta Devarangadi ,&nbsp;Syed Sadath Ali ,&nbsp;Praveen Ashok Madalageri ,&nbsp;Akash Biradar ,&nbsp;Divesh Ranjan Kumar ,&nbsp;Warit Wipulanusat","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydraulic conductivity (HC) is critical for assessing the long-term performance of landfill liners. The HC of compacted fly ash‒clay mixes was modeled using six tree-based ensembles, including RF, GBR, XGB, BR, HGBR, and ABR. The laboratory datasets consisted of 146 mixes with 10 standard inputs. The models are tuned by Bayesian optimization (Optuna-TPE) with 5 × 3 cross-validation for 50 trials per model. XGB performs best, with Test R² = 0.8937, CV R² = 0.8073 and Training R² = 0.9997. The errors remained low (RMSE ≈ 0.625; MAPE ≈ 0.055), whereas the other models also exhibited strong fits (training R²: 0.92–0.9996) and confirmed model reliability. The innovation is a unified, reproducible workflow: leakage-free Z score scaling, Optuna-tuned ensembles, SHAP explanation, leave-one-feature-out tests and uncertainty via split conformal prediction. SHAP ranks fly ash (%) and fines (%) as dominant. The liquid limit and MDD/OMC have secondary yet meaningful effects. A clear trend appears for high fly ash; mixes above ∼ 60 % FA drive HC down rapidly. External-style validation (grouped holdouts) confirms good performance in well-represented regimes. For practice, designs are accepted when the 95 % upper prediction interval of log₁₀(HC) stays below the project limit. The approach provides accurate, explainable, and risk-aware HC prediction for fly ash‒clay liners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145324981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effects of microwave curing regimes on early, mid, and long-term strengths and microstructural performance of fly ash-slag based 3D-printed geopolymers","authors":"Muhammad Kashif Anwar ,&nbsp;Xingyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Yating Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiakang Wang ,&nbsp;Yumiao Wu ,&nbsp;Francisco A. Gilabert","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the synergistic effects of microwave heating on the early, mid, and long-term flexural and compressive strengths of fly ash-slag-based 3D-printed geopolymers. Results show that flexural strength reaches its peak with 30–45 s of microwave heating at 1260 W, while compressive strength is maximized with 15–30 s of heating at 1800 W. Thermal analysis indicates gel dehydration and carbonate decomposition, with greater mass loss at longer microwave heating times. XRD, FTIR, and SEM collectively confirm the formation of C-A-S-H gels, calcite, and enhanced geopolymerization and densification over time, which contributes to improved mechanical properties. MIP analysis reveals that extended microwave curing increases overall porosity and coarsens the pore structure, which presents a trade-off between achieving high ultra-early strength and maintaining optimal long-term microstructural density. Microwave curing accelerates early strength development while maintaining durability, offering a rapid, low-carbon, and energy-efficient alternative for sustainable 3D-printed construction. These findings underline the potential of microwave-cured geopolymers to replace OPC in additive manufacturing, optimizing performance while significantly reducing the environmental impact of construction. This approach supports the principles of cleaner production by valorizing industrial waste (fly ash and slag) and reducing the energy footprint of the curing process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of tunnel waste slurry and steel slag for preparation of backfill grouting materials: Properties and hydration behavior","authors":"Jianshuai Hao ,&nbsp;Zuojiang Lin ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Kuizhen Fang ,&nbsp;Yanchang Zhou ,&nbsp;Shiyu Zhuang","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100341","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100341","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of steel slag (SS) and tunnel shield muck (including tunnel sand (TS) and mud cake (TM)) for the preparation of synchronous grouting materials is a key technological pathway to enhance the recycling of industrial solid waste and achieve decarbonization goals in tunnel engineering. This study proposes a novel ternary cementitious system composed of SS, fly ash (FA), and cement, utilizing TS and TM generated from the shield tunneling construction on the Tianxiang Avenue section of Nanchang as fine aggregates for the preparation of synchronous grouting materials. The mechanical, rheological, hydration characteristics, and hardening mechanisms of the developed grouting materials were systematically evaluated. The results show that when the SS content is 20 %–30 % and the TS:TM ratio is 7:3, the 28-day unconfined compressive strength (UCS) reaches 5.85 MPa, which is 24.5 % higher than that of the traditional cement-FA system. Additionally, the flow diameter of the slurry increases to 280 mm, and the bleeding rate is reduced to less than 1 %. At 20 % SS content, the slurry’s yield stress and viscosity significantly increase, enhancing structural stability. However, excessive SS content weakens the network integrity. As the TS:TM ratio increases, the yield stress and thixotropy of the slurry also increase. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the highly alkaline microenvironment generated by the early hydration of cement clinker promotes the depolymerization of the amorphous phase in SS and the aluminosilicate glass phase in FA. The hydroxyl ions released by the hydration of SS further accelerate the dissolution and reaction of the active components in FA, significantly promoting the formation of C-S-H gel and densifying the skeleton structure. The Ca²⁺ provided by the FA participate in the formation of C-S-H, resulting in a pronounced synergistic effect. This study elucidates the synergistic activation mechanism of shield muck and SS and their coupled impact on the macro- and micro-performance of the grouting material. It provides a theoretical basis and engineering strategy for the high-value utilization of shield muck in backfill grouting, which aligns with the principles of cleaner production and sustainable material engineering by turning waste into valuable resources, reducing carbon footprint, and minimizing environmental impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100341"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A critical review of fiber reinforced polymer bars: a scientometric and visualization analysis","authors":"Zhengyuan Yue ,&nbsp;Kefeng Ouyang ,&nbsp;Xin Yao ,&nbsp;Kang Hu ,&nbsp;Lei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars, due to their excellent mechanical and chemical properties, have emerged as environmentally friendly and low-carbon cleaner materials and are widely applied in the field of civil engineering. To precisely capture the development dynamics and trends in the field of FRP bars, this article selects the literature in the Web of Science core database (SCI, SSCI) as the research object. By employing bibliometric methods, a comprehensive analysis and summary of the relevant research progress of FRP bars were carried out. The annual publication volume, journal source distribution, country/regional distribution, institutional affiliation, author composition, highly cited papers, and cutting-edge research directions of the literature were emphatically examined. Moreover, the VOSviewer software was used to construct a knowledge graph. The study reveals essential information in the field of FRP bars, specifically including core data such as major journals, influential countries, institutions, and academic papers. Keyword analysis reveals that the durability of FRP bars is currently a hot topic of research. In addition, the mechanical properties of FRP bars under extreme conditions (e.g., high strain rates, strong corrosive environments, etc.) and the cross-application with machine learning and neural network technologies are considered as potential hotspots for future research in this field. Through bibliometric analysis, this paper systematically reviews the research history of FRP bars and provides reasonable planning suggestions for subsequent scholar in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144230449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling high-impact polystyrene waste into fiber membranes incorporated with titania for water filtration applications","authors":"Muhammad Fahroji ,&nbsp;Ratih Amalia ,&nbsp;Bagas Haqi Arrosyid ,&nbsp;Putri Hawa Syaifie ,&nbsp;Muhammad Miftah Jauhar ,&nbsp;Afif Akmal Afkauni ,&nbsp;Arramel ,&nbsp;Didik Aryanto ,&nbsp;Akmal Zulfi ,&nbsp;Alfian Noviyanto","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clema.2025.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extensive use of plastics has led to a significant increase in solid waste, necessitating innovative approaches for waste management and resource recovery. This study presents an upcycling pathway by synthesizing fiber membranes from high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) waste combined with TiO₂ through electrospinning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to fabricate HIPS-TiO₂ membranes for water filtration and photocatalytic applications. The inclusion of TiO₂ enhanced membrane morphology by increasing fiber diameter and optimizing porosity, with the 0.5 wt% TiO₂ composition yielding bead-free fibers and the smallest porosity. While TiO₂ did not alter the water contact angle (WCA), it significantly improved membrane performance. Pseudo-first order kinetic fits (k = 0.0027–0.0037  h⁻¹, R² up to 0.975) demonstrate rapid MB degradation, with 0.5 wt% TiO₂ reaches complete removal within 1.5 h under ultraviolet light, outperforming other compositions. The membranes achieved a pure water flux (PWF) of 589.7 ± 1.22 Lm^-2h⁻¹ and demonstrated excellent rejection rates of over 95 % for antacid suspensions. These results highlight the potential of HIPS-TiO₂ membranes as a sustainable alternative to conventional filtration materials, addressing both plastic waste and water purification challenges. Future research could explore the long-term stability and scalability of these membranes for industrial water treatment applications, further advancing their contribution to the circular economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100337"},"PeriodicalIF":9.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}