Cleaner Materials最新文献

{"title":"An experimental investigation of the composting process in an innovative home composting System: The influence of additives","authors":"Markos Margaritis ,&nbsp;Vassilis Dimos ,&nbsp;Dimitris Malamis ,&nbsp;Maria Loizidou","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Food-waste out of household consumption ends up in landfills resulting into huge waste of materials and energy enhancing greenhouse effect and threatening water supplies. Composting is common solution for solid organic waste management and can safely and effectively be employed in each household to produce quality compost materials. This study palpates the average composition of the Mediterranean dietary pattern food-wastes and investigates the efficiency of a novel home-composter in managing organic wastes from dish to composter to quality compost. Four different additives, low cost and easily found in the market, are addressed, (1) woodchip, (2) woodchips &amp; zeolite, (3) woodchips &amp; vermiculite and (4) perlite. C/N≈20 substrate’s composition is investigated.</p><p>Results indicate that the composting process effectively converts food-wastes to compost within 21 days. The monitored parameters show good aeration and humidity levels of the substrate and an aerobic process. The product exhibits minor alkalinity and requires further maturing. Mineral additives help reducing TOC with vermiculite and perlite be the most promising. Zeolite and vermiculite result in higher TKN values of the product with zeolite exhibiting better performance. All minerals enchance C/N reduction when woodchips is proven inadequate as an additive if employed alone. The product can safely be used in domestic applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive sustainability strategy for the emerging ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) industry","authors":"Ingrid Lande,&nbsp;Rein Terje Thorstensen","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concrete industry is facing significant challenges in substantially reducing CO₂ emissions, recycling waste materials and limiting the use of resources. Using ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) is one of the many possible solutions to reduce the environmental impact of the concrete industry. Numerous approaches have been applied to meet the challenges of making and utilising UHPC more environmentally friendly; however, an overall approach is lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by constructing a strategy for more sustainable use of UHPC. The strategy is developed by first evaluating measures known from the conventional concrete industry concerning transferability to the UHPC industry. Subsequently, the approach is enrichened with measures targeting the special composition and properties of UHPC. The strategy suggested in the conclusion consists of the following tools: <em>efficient use of cement</em>, <em>efficient use of steel fibres</em>, <em>circularity: utilise by-products, local production,</em> and <em>efficient use of UHPC in structures</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of various additives on the crumb rubber integrated geopolymer concrete","authors":"Parmender Gill ,&nbsp;Parveen Jangra ,&nbsp;Rajeev Roychand ,&nbsp;Mohammad Saberian ,&nbsp;Jie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of scrap tyres in construction materials has been promoted to curb the environmental exploitation caused by the open disposal of non-biodegradable waste rubber. Tyre grinds as aggregates in geopolymer concrete (GPC) would increase its sustainability value by reducing the consumption of natural aggregates. Although there is limited literature addressing the damage to GPC characteristics caused by rubber aggregates, this investigation was designed to determine the extent of possible side effects of using crumb rubber (CR) in GPC. Additionally, this investigation aims to address any resulting reduction in strength and durability using additives such as cement and fibres. Geopolymer specimens with CR replacement of fine aggregates by volume (0, 5, 10 and 15%) showed a compressive strength reduction of up to 17% when tested according to ASTM standards. Substituting the total binder by weight with Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) improved the microstructural integrity of the rubberised geopolymer mix with the highest percentage of OPC. Despite producing new and additional binding products (CSH and CASH gels), the GPC surface readily disintegrated under acid exposure. Optimum glass fibres (GF) reinforcement (0.30%) effectively disrupted the GPC pore network, consequently reducing the acid permeability of the matrix. Further addition of steel fibres (SF) enhanced the GPC specimen's compressive and flexural strength. To analyse the cumulative effect of these additives on GPC microstructure, supporting tests such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were carried out. Although these additives enhanced the overall performance of rubberised geopolymer, it might somewhat reduce its green aspect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable surface modification of sorghum residue-based fiber reinforced polymer composites: Properties and adhesion mechanism","authors":"Nametso Linda. Moumakwa ,&nbsp;Abubakar Sadiq Mohammed ,&nbsp;Eyitayo Olatunde Olakanmi ,&nbsp;Tobias Bader ,&nbsp;Amare Gessesse","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sorghum stalks and other agricultural residues in excess of farmers animal feed requirements are often burnt, contributing to environmental pollution. On the other hand, such residues could serve as useful sources of fibre with different applications. The aim of this study was to investigate agricultural residue-based fibres (ARFs), using sorghum stalks as a model, for use as reinforcements in recycled low-density polyethylene (rLDPE) for the manufacture of agricultural residue-based fibre reinforced polymer composites (ARFRPCs). Thermo-alkali and thermo-laccase fibre modification treatments were employed to improve the properties of the ARFRPCs. The thermal conductivity values of the ARFRPCs at 0.23 – 0.3 W/m‧k are higher than some commercially available insulators. Moreover, thermo-alkali reinforced ARFRPCs exhibited a tensile strength of 28.57 Mpa and improved microstructure/interfacial adhesion relative to intreated and thermo-laccase treated samples. The conclusion is that thermo-alkali reinforced ARFRPCs, which was treated for 10 days, be used for non-structural applications in buildings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performances of plant leaf biosorbents for biosorption of phosphorous from synthetic water","authors":"Subhashish Dey,&nbsp;G.T.N. Veerendra,&nbsp;A.V. Phani Manoj,&nbsp;P.S.S. Anjaneya Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphorus acts as a vital part in the improvement of environment, manufacturing and agriculture. However, it can also become a contaminant in water bodies, posing a danger to the human, animals and the ecosystems. To address this issue, different methods exist for removing phosphorus from water, with bio-sorption being a mainly effective and eco-friendly option. Plant leaf biosorbents offer different levels of effectiveness, depending on the taxonomic group and pre-treatment of the plant, among other factors. In this research, locally available plant leaf biosorbents, including neem, javapalm, guava, sapota, custard apple, and mango leaves, were measured for their capability to eliminate phosphorus from water. Results indicated that mango leaves were the most effective, followed by javapalm, sapota, custard apple, neem, and guava leaves. The optimal conditions for phosphorus removal were a normal pH of 4–8, 1.2 g quantity, 60 min of contact time, a temperature of 25 °C, and a rotation speed of 100 rpm. Regeneration and reapplication of the plant leaf biosorbents can further improve the efficiency of the process.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49728955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First efforts on recovery of thermoplastic composites at low temperatures by power ultrasonics","authors":"Balaji Ragupathi ,&nbsp;Matthias Florian Bacher ,&nbsp;Frank Balle","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fiber reinforced composites possess exceptional mass-specific properties and therefore offer a high potential for weight reduction in lightweight applications. However, the need to recover, remanufacture and recirculate polymer composites at lower temperatures is still an area to be addressed. For a cleaner and more sustainable reuse of polymer composites at their end-of-use (EoU) phase, a materials circularity strategy can be applied. This work describes a novel method and proof-of-concept to recover carbon-fiber (CF)/ polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) composites. It is composed of three steps: i.) initiation of controlled interlaminar pre-cracks by power ultrasonics, ii.) propagation of the pre-cracks under peel-like loading, and iii.) ultrasonic reconsolidation of the separated layers. Microscopic and mechanical investigations on the composite materials before and after the separation and reconsolidation, shows near-identical fiber-bundle arrangements, with the reconsolidated composites retaining approximately 89 % of its mechanical properties compared to the original laminate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alkali-activated slag & fly ash as sustainable alternatives to OPC: Sorptivity and strength development characteristics of mortar","authors":"Osama Ahmed Mohamed ,&nbsp;Omar Najm ,&nbsp;Eman Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One approach to decreasing the environmental footprint of the construction industry is to replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) with recycled slag and fly ash activated using alkaline materials. This article presents the outcomes of an experimental study that evaluated water absorption characteristics and strength development of mortar that uses blends of alkali-activated ASTM class F slag and fly ash binders. Mortar mixes were developed using three binder combinations: 100% slag and no fly ash (S1F0), 75% slag + 25% fly ash (S3F1), and 50% slag + 50% fly ash (S1F1). Slag and fly ash binders were activated using NaOH solution with molarity ranging from 10 mol/L to 16 mol/L mixed with sodium silicate solution. Two sets of samples were created, one set was immersed in an acidic medium after casting, which represented a closed environment, and the second was left in the lab exposed to air until the test day. For mortar cured in a closed system, the highest strength development during the first seven days after casting occurred in S1F0 mortar followed by S3F1, then S1F1. The observation indicates strength development is dominated by the fast reactivity of slag during the first 7 days. The pattern is similar for all NaOH activator concentrations evaluated in this study. Mortar samples with high slag content (S1F0 and S3F1) that were cured in air experienced a decrease in strength during the 28–90 day curing phase as the strength at the age of 90 days decreased relative to the strength at 28 days. However, S1F1 gained strength during the 28–90 day phase when NaOH molarity was the highest (16 mol/L). This is due to the dissolution and activation of fly ash at high solution alkalinity which contributed to the continued increase in strength. A strong linear correlation between the square root of time (t^0.5) and water absorption existed in all activated mortars evaluated in the study, except for mortar samples prepared using NaOH with high concentration and the highest ratio of Na₂SiO₃/NaOH. Therefore, alkali-activated slag-based mortars share similar water capillary absorption characteristics with conventional cement-based mortar. It was found that increasing the NaOH concentration increases the global warming potential (gwp) and that the mix with the least environmental impact was the S1F1 developed using the lowest NaOH concentration of 10 mol/L and 50% fly ash.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of alkali-silica treatments of miscanthus fibres on chemical and micro-morphological modifications","authors":"Fabrice Ntimugura ,&nbsp;Kyra Wilson ,&nbsp;Raffaele Vinai ,&nbsp;Pete Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chemical treatments can remove waxes and sugar components from the surface of bio-fibres, increasing their compatibility with mineral binders. This paper investigates the effects of alkali solutions treatments on miscanthus shives. For 8, 24, and 48 h, fibres were immersed in NaOH solutions at 1.5, 2.5, and 5.0% concentrations, with and without a 2.5% sodium silicate solution, having a silica modulus (SiO₂/Na₂O) of 2.0. SEM and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to investigate the effect of different treatments on the microstructure and surface chemistry of miscanthus. The SEM results show that the morphologies of miscanthus fibres were significantly altered in the case of 5.0% NaOH treatment, with a weakening of the inner cell structures in some locations. Furthermore, the ATR-FTIR patterns of raw and treated shives were analysed, suggesting that treating miscanthus with 2.5% NaOH and 2.5% sodium silicate results in the required chemical modifications while retaining the cellular structure of miscanthus fibres. For all treatments, the absorbance was reduced by 31 to 77% at 450 cm⁻¹ and 48–80% at 1035 cm⁻¹.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49703146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fiberglass waste and fly ash addition on the mechanical performance of Portland cement paste","authors":"Renata Possamai Ribeiro,&nbsp;Leidy Johana Jaramillo Nieves,&nbsp;Adriano Michael Bernardin","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar and concrete products are designed to withstand compressive loads. However, these products show low deformation before fracture because they are fragile materials, also showing low tensile strength in comparison to compressive strength. These limitations can be minimized by adding fibers, as reinforcement, to the cement matrix. Therefore, in this work the mechanical behavior of cement pastes reinforced with fiberglass waste and fly ash was studied. A 2 k factorial design was used and the experimental factors were the fiberglass waste content (0.2–0.8 mass %), fiberglass length (0.3–1 cm) and fly ash content (0–10 mass %). Fly ash was added to reduce the alkalinity of the cement paste and, therefore, to avoid the chemical attack on the glass fibers. Nine compositions were made, and their compressive strength, tensile strength, apparent density, and microstructure were determined. Type III Portland cement, class F fly ash, and type E fiberglass were used and characterized by XRF. The composites were characterized by XRD and optical microscopy. The ANOVA for compressive strength at 30 days shows that the combined effect of fiber addition and fiber length increased the strength of the samples by 27 % (30.3 MPa). At 60 days the fly ash raised the compressive strength by 32 % (37.4 MPa) regarding the reference sample, probably because the filling effect. The tensile strength at 60 days was influenced by the fiber length, with an increase of 71 % (6.31 MPa). The apparent density was reduced 19 % (1.50 g/cm³) with addition of fly ash and fibers. The fibers can reduce the crack propagation in the matrix, in a typical bridging effect. The cement hydration was not affected by the addition of fiberglass waste.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49707663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformation of Supply Chain Management to Green Supply Chain Management: Certain investigations for research and applications","authors":"Neha Saini ,&nbsp;Kunjana Malik ,&nbsp;Sakshi Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the production and manufacturing stream, green supply chain management has attracted much attention from academicians and policy makers. It encompasses theoretical and practical models, ranging from macro-level institutional pressure to micro-level lean manufacturing, total quality management, and supplier relationship management. A rising number of corporations are embracing sustainable development strategies, either due to peer pressure or to fulfil their social responsibilities to society and the environment. Against this backdrop, although vast literature is available, it lacks a theoretical model and management strategy for effective implementation of the GSCM within the firms effectively. The latest literature has a limited vision from the management perspective. Despite such popularity, there is a requirement for a comprehensive framework that can investigate the effect of GSCM on financial, social, and environmental performance with environmental uncertainties and product complexities at the micro-level. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine previous research and develop a theoretical model that incorporates an excellent theory-building process between the three primary features of global supply chain management practises competitive advantage and organizational performance. The study employs bibliometric analysis to conduct a holistic review to explore GSCM research and evaluate its methodological design, publication trends and themes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49730488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}