Cleaner Materials最新文献

{"title":"Influence of aluminum powder content and powder-to-sand ratio on the physical and mechanical properties of aerated lightweight mortar","authors":"Ramesh Kumar Paikara ,&nbsp;Tek Raj Gyawali","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>After the 2015 Nepal earthquake, numerous human casualties resulted from the collapse of substantial brick walls. Concurrently, the proliferation of air pollution attributed to brick kilns has become a pressing concern in urban areas of Nepal. The dual challenge of fortifying building structures and safeguarding the urban environment necessitates innovative solutions. This paper outlines the development of aerated lightweight mortar, incorporating diverse proportions of aluminium powder and various powder-to-sand combinations, aiming to achieve a density below 1000 kg/m³. Three fundamental mixtures, characterized by water-powder ratios (W/P) of 63.3 %, 57.9 %, and 35.3 %, and total powder to sand ratios (P/S) of 0.344, 0.520, and 1.275 (by weight) were employed. The aluminium powder content ranged from 0 % to 1.2 % (by weight of cement). Standard-sized cubes and cylinders were prepared to evaluate the impact of aluminium powder on density, strength, and water absorption. From the test results, the most suitable mixture for aeration proved to be the mortar with a W/P of 35.3 % and P/S of 1.275. This formulation demonstrated a significant 50 % density reduction (&lt;1000 kg/m³) with 0.6 % aluminium powder, accompanied by a 58 % decrease in 28-day compressive strength, a 52 % drop in modulus of elasticity, and a 44 % reduction in splitting tensile strength. The study emphasized the critical role of both aluminium powder content and powder-to-sand ratio in mortar aeration. The developed aerated lightweight mortar not only enhances seismic resilience by reducing building weight but also serves as an eco-friendly alternative to traditional burnt clay bricks, mitigating environmental impact.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397623000461/pdfft?md5=0465811a85b14b80d93d37014740faa1&pid=1-s2.0-S2772397623000461-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138558998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of strength, durability, and microstructure characteristics of slag-sand-induced concrete","authors":"Reshma T.V. ,&nbsp;Chandan Kumar Patnaikuni ,&nbsp;Tanu H.M. ,&nbsp;Bharath A.","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper focused on the usage and behavior of slag sand by investigating the fresh, mechanical, durability, and microstructural properties of M40 grade concrete. However, in India, more research on the effect of slag on mechanical strength is needed with in-depth microstructure &amp; durability investigation. To fill this research gap and promote slag sand usage, a systematic and scientific investigation was conducted in which 9 concrete mixes with partial and total replacement of fine aggregate with slag sand were prepared. Compressive, split tensile strength &amp; UPV tests are performed at 3, 7, 28, and 90 days of curing to know the mechanical properties. Linear regression analysis is done to correlate and predict the strength of concrete using different mechanical properties. According to test results, workability and mechanical properties improve with the increase in the replacement of slag sand. Slag sand concrete forms a dense network at an optimum replacement achieving Maximum rise in strength of about 17 to 33 %, referring to the control mix resulting in an environmentally friendly material. Thereby reducing the disposal of industrial effluent. Conversely, increased replacement beyond 40 % of slag sand in concrete caused a reduction in the slump and mechanical properties with increased curing age. Microstructure results revealed the formation of CSH, CASH, ettringite, calcite, and good bonding with an aggregate. Slag sand tends to absorb more water with its increased percentage due to its shape, texture, and surface area, as evidenced in its SEM images &amp; workability. The durability of slag sand concrete has performed better and is economically feasible than M−sand mixed concrete. Hence, recycling slag sand in concrete yields an economical, eco-friendly material and proves to be a robust substrate for various construction activities in sustainable waste management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277239762300045X/pdfft?md5=eb6dc35dc6cc0992edb82ff802481ae4&pid=1-s2.0-S277239762300045X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138501907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimized artificial neural network model for accurate prediction of compressive strength of normal and high strength concrete","authors":"Arslan Qayyum Khan ,&nbsp;Hasnain Ahmad Awan ,&nbsp;Mehboob Rasul ,&nbsp;Zahid Ahmad Siddiqi ,&nbsp;Amorn Pimanmas","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study develops and presents an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model employing the Levenberg-Marquardt Backpropagation (LMBP) training algorithm to predict the compressive strength of both normal and high strength concrete. The model's robustness was evaluated using an extensive dataset comprising 1637 samples. Eight input variables, including the cement content, blast furnace slag, fly ash, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water content, superplasticizer, and testing age, were considered. The optimal number of hidden layers and neurons in the layer were identified through analysis, and the effectiveness of the model was assessed through k-fold cross-validation and statistical measures, including correlation coefficient (<em>R</em>), coefficient of determination (<em>R²</em>), Root Mean Square Error (<em>RMSE</em>), and Mean Absolute Error (<em>MEA</em>). Comparison with other models was carried out, and the perturbation/super-position method was employed for parametric studies to investigate the effect of each input variable on the output variable. The k-fold cross-validation confirmed the generalizability of the model, and statistical measures showed good results, with unit cement content and superplasticizers having the highest impact on compressive strength. The findings demonstrate that the suggested ANN model is an extremely precise, economical, and practical predictive tool for concrete compressive strength.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397623000448/pdfft?md5=4ca40cd1c3ac89cdcbe1b99fee07593f&pid=1-s2.0-S2772397623000448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138439418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of strength and absorption behaviour of iron slag and recycled aggregates concrete and its comparative environmental estimation by life cycle assessment","authors":"Ragini Dutt Sharma,&nbsp;Navdeep Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sustainable infrastructure is one of the fastest growing sectors and is concurrently producing huge amount of construction demolition waste (CDW). Correspondingly, industrial activities also result in generation of similar wastes, out of which slag from iron industries pose a serious threat to the environment. This study attempts to incorporate both of the above-mentioned wastes in concrete, thereby an attempt to encourage and contribute towards sustainability. The experimental program comprises the evaluation of strength and water absorption behaviour along with the prediction and validation of iron slag (IS) and recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The replacement levels for IS range from 10 to 30% while those for recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) range from 0 to 50%. Based on the experimental outcomes, the predicted equations for strength and water absorption characteristics were established. Furthermore, the statistical analysis was performed, indicating the desired responses thereby validating the efficiency of the tested properties of IS–RAC concrete. The successful analysis indicates the optimum constituent mix of 24.8% IS and 26.9% RCA for maximum strength and water absorption behaviour. Finally, a comparative environmental estimation was performed by life cycle assessment, describing a reduction of nearly 12.28% and 22% in carbon dioxide emissions and eco-cost in optimized concrete respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772397623000436/pdfft?md5=82094322079daa19583f2e4f21ddbdee&pid=1-s2.0-S2772397623000436-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92044312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground granulated iron silicate slag as supplementary cementitious material: Effect of prolonged grinding and granulation temperature","authors":"Anton Andersson ,&nbsp;Linus Brander ,&nbsp;Andreas Lennartsson ,&nbsp;Åke Roos ,&nbsp;Fredrik Engström","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The metallurgical and cement industries contribute significantly to anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. Utilizing oxidic by-products from the metallurgical industry as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) can improve resource efficiency and reduce emissions from cement production. Iron silicate copper slags have been studied as SCMs, but mainly in systems where Portland cement is used as an activator. There is limited research on the inherent reactivity of the slag under changing processing conditions. The present study offers insight into the effect of granulation temperature and grinding on the inherent reactivity of an industrially produced iron silicate copper slag. The results showed that granulation temperature had an insignificant effect on reactivity, while grinding generated substantial improvements. The latter effect was concluded to stem from the increased specific surface area, increased number of sites for nucleation and growth of hydrates, and changes in the inherent reactivity owing to structural changes induced by the grinding.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of asphaltenes a potential alternative for cement in stabilized base courses using asphalt emulsion","authors":"Farshad Kamran ,&nbsp;Leila Hashemian","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Stabilization of pavement base material using asphalt emulsion has been widely used to improve pavement performance. This technology produces a high-quality base course material with decreased energy consumption, carbon footprint, and raw material usage. Cement has been used as a common additive to improve these mixes strength and moisture resistance. However, some drawbacks are also associated with cement, such as negative environmental impacts, high costs, and low-temperature deficiencies. Asphaltenes is a by-product of oil-sand bitumen with little commercial value in current practice. To investigate the impact of asphaltenes on improving the rheological properties of asphalt binder, a series of binder characteristics tests using a dynamic shear rheometer, breaking time and microscopic evaluation is conducted on modified asphalt emulsion with asphaltenes. Asphaltenes is then added to asphalt emulsion-stabilized granular material, to be compared with mixtures prepared with cement. Two asphaltenes and cement-modified mixes are prepared and compared to unmodified mixtures. All mixes are tested for permanent deformation and moisture sensitivity using a Hamburg wheel tracker and flow number test, while the low-temperature properties are evaluated using indirect tensile strength tests. Dynamic modulus is also evaluated to analyze the viscoelastic behavior of the mixes. The results of this study reveal a considerable increase in the rutting resistance of asphalt mixes by adding 1% of both additives (by total weight of mix), and asphaltenes-modification shows less adverse impacts at intermediate and low temperatures than cement-modification.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49701937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Past, current, and future re-use of recycled non-potable water sources in concrete applications to reduce freshwater consumption- a review","authors":"Mohammad Nikookar ,&nbsp;Nicholas A. Brake ,&nbsp;Mubarak Adesina ,&nbsp;Ashiqur Rahman ,&nbsp;Thinesh Selvaratnam","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper systematically reviews published studies involving the recycling and reuse of alternative non-potable industrial and domestic wastewater, seawater, and oil-contaminated water sources in concrete, mortar, and cement paste applications. A summary of available industrial and domestic wastewater sources, their physical and chemical characteristics, optimum treatment methods is presented to provide additional context on potential future reuse of industrial and domestic water sources in concrete applications. Economic implications, gaps of knowledge, and future research needs are also discussed. There are several raw wastewater sources that are mostly aligned with standard water quality thresholds that may produce concrete on par with freshwater systems. In addition, developing specialized water treatments for concrete applications can improve performance, although the water remains non-potable (limited to only primary or secondary treatments).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49705993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review on the use of recycled concrete aggregate for pavement construction: Properties, performance, and sustainability","authors":"Ebenezer O. Fanijo ,&nbsp;John Temitope Kolawole ,&nbsp;Adewumi John Babafemi ,&nbsp;Jian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments. This study presents a state-of-the-art review on the utilization of RCA for pavement construction, with a large scope originating from a comprehensive literature dissection. The study compares RCA and NA pavement's physical, chemical, mechanical, and durability properties. As reported, their properties highly depend on the methods, the extent of crushing, the amount of adhered paste and the residual mortar with which the RCA is produced. Pavement performance was conducted from three perspectives: the use of RCA for pavement sublayers, rigid layers, and flexible layers, as well as their separate evaluation test techniques. A comparative environmental evaluation revealed that the RCA inclusion contributes to sustainability gain in minimizing the health hazards effect, waste generation, and the pressure on landfill sites than conventional pavement construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49705882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relative influence of sustainable product design strategies for polymer products","authors":"Kiersten Muenchinger","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>There is a general, vernacular perception that polymers are not sustainable materials, and therefore could not be used in a product that is designed to be sustainable. Qualitative strategies, including the use of natural materials, have been long been defined to guide more environmentally friendly product development. Quantitative life cycle assessment tools indicate that there are cases in which polymers, which may not be considered natural, can be less ecologically impactful materials to use in a product. Whether qualitative or quantitative product development tools are used, if the choices made by new product creators are not consistent with the perceptions of a product’s customers, they may not influence the purchase of a more sustainable product over a less sustainable product. The objective of this study is to assess how people perceive the sustainabilities of polymer products. A set of ten, nearly identical, injection-molded drinking cups was given to research subjects for a Kansei engineering analysis regarding their perceptions of the products’ sustainabilities. Participants evaluated the cups on ten qualitative design strategies for sustainability, including durability, preciousness, recyclability and toxicity. Results show that perceptions of four of the ten attributes: durability, degradability, rawness and naturalness, most strongly influence the overall perception of the product’s sustainability. Four other attributes: expense, luxuriousness, preciousness and rareness influence the product’s overall perception of worth, which is conversely connected to a product’s perception of sustainability. The attributes of polymer products that people recognize as affecting sustainability can be used by product developers, as well as chemists and material engineers, to develop and specify more appropriate and accepted sustainable products and polymers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49711310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of bagasse ash powder and marble powder on strength and microstructure characteristics of alkali activated slag concrete cured at room temperature for rigid pavement application","authors":"Veeresh Karikatti ,&nbsp;M.V. Chitawadagi ,&nbsp;Manikanta Devarangadi ,&nbsp;J. Sanjith ,&nbsp;Narala Gangadhara Reddy","doi":"10.1016/j.clema.2023.100200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2023.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this research, an attempt is made to partially replace ground granulated blast furnace Slag (GGBS) with a binder rich in SiO₂ and CaO in alkali activated slag concrete (AASC) to increase workability and setting time. GGBS is replaced with bagasse ash powder (BAP) in 5%, 10%, and 15% of the binary mix, and subsequently with marble powder (MP) in 5% and 10% of the binary mix. After establishing the best mix for both binder replacements, a ternary mix with 5% BAP and 10% MP is created. The fine aggregates used in the comparison are 100 % river sand and slag sand. 10 M sodium hydroxide and the alkaline to binder ratio is 0.4, were used. Mechanical properties such as compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength are performed cured at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days samples. To further understand the intrinsic mechanism of strength development, microstructure, morphology and mineralogy on AASC are investigated. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that AASC mixes have a higher strength than OPC mixes. The mechanical strengths of the AASC binary mix with 10% MP and 5% BAP are higher. The microstructural analysis reveals the mixes developed with BAP and 100 % GGBS, had a denser microstructure than the normal mixes. The mechanical properties obtained for most of the AASC mixes are significantly higher than the IRC SP:62-2014 recommendations for rigid pavements for low volume roads.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100254,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Materials","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49706053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}