Cleaner Chemical Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Prediction and optimisation of coagulation-flocculation process for turbidity removal from aquaculture effluent using Garcinia kola extract: Response surface and artificial neural network methods","authors":"Chinenye Adaobi Igwegbe ,&nbsp;Joshua O. Ighalo ,&nbsp;Kingsley O. Iwuozor ,&nbsp;Okechukwu Dominic Onukwuli ,&nbsp;Patrick Ugochukwu Okoye ,&nbsp;Aiman Eid Al-Rawajfeh","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The goal of this research is to model/optimise aquaculture effluent (AQE) turbidity (TD) treatment with the aid of the extract of <em>Garcinia kola</em> (GKE) used as a coagulant. GKE was characterized via scanning methods. The research entails the optimisation of the process by RSM (response surface methodology) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques. The sorption component analysis of the coagulation-flocculation (CF) process of TD reduction from AQE was also analysed for its mechanism. SEM revealed that the GKE possesses uneven-sized, porous, and granular-shaped lumps on its surface. FTIR revealed that GKE had a high hydroxyl group which makes it soluble in aqueous media and contributes to attachment sites for the AQE pollutant particles. The process was effectively optimised (%TD = 74.23%, with TDS, COD, BOD, and colour reductions at 81.03%, 67.68%, 68.19%, and 76.89%, respectively) at optimum conditions of time = 30 min, pH = 2, and GKE dosage = 115 mgL⁻¹. The model generated was significant via ANOVA. The pseudo-second-order (PSO) sorption kinetic is the best fit model considering the error estimates. The predominant mechanism of the process is electrostatic interaction, liquid film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion. RSM(R²=0.9567)&gt;ANN(R²=0.9491) for the models' prediction reliability. This study has shown that aquaculture effluent (AQE) turbidity (TD) treatment with the aid of the extract of <em>Garcinia kola</em> (GKE) can be optimised/modelled productively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100076"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000742/pdfft?md5=80292039efb7cc30b7939d1215cc09cc&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000742-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88164782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics and fuel properties of the oil obtained from the pyrolysis of polypropylene over cobalt oxide","authors":"Jan Nisar ,&nbsp;Rabia Farid ,&nbsp;Ghulam Ali ,&nbsp;Faisal Muhammad ,&nbsp;Afzal Shah ,&nbsp;Zahoor H. Farooqi ,&nbsp;Faheem Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) was performed with and without cobalt oxide from 355 to 445 °C in inert conditions in an indigenously manufactured furnace. No oil was produced from non-catalytic reaction; however, the catalytic reaction resulted in production of oil in sufficient quantity. Optimum conditions for the maximum oil yield were explored and 100 min reaction time, 430 °C temperature and 5% of catalyst in continuous flow of nitrogen were observed as the most appropriate conditions for maximum oil production. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the obtained oil was performed for determining the composition of the oil. Moreover, fuel properties of the oil were examined and found comparable with commercial fuel. Furthermore, thermal degradation of polypropylene with and without cobalt oxide catalyst was performed in a thermobalance under nitrogen environment in the temperature ranging from 30 to 600 °C at temperature programmed rate of 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min. Using Kissinger-Akahira-Sunnose (KAS) kinetic model, the average activation energy (Ea) of non-catalytic reaction was found to be 83.14 kJ/mol, while in the presence of cobalt oxide the average Ea was observed as 63.55 kJ/mol. It was observed from the comparison of both the results that use of cobalt oxide has not only reduced Ea but also resulted in the production of oil having resemblance with fuel grade oil. Hence, cobalt oxide was found to be an efficient catalyst for the conversion of polypropylene into valuable products and the study performed on model polypropylene can be extended to polypropylene waste on industrial scale.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232200081X/pdfft?md5=f2748aa0db70cbbee8e3a6200c0ff86f&pid=1-s2.0-S277278232200081X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72825995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the value of kinetic results from biochemical methane potential tests: Reproducibility from a large inter-laboratory study","authors":"Sasha D. Hafner ,&nbsp;Sergi Astals ,&nbsp;Christof Holliger ,&nbsp;Konrad Koch ,&nbsp;Lisa Nielsen ,&nbsp;Lina Refsahl ,&nbsp;Sören Weinrich","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Kinetic information extracted from biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests is often reported but its value is unclear. Inter-laboratory reproducibility provides a useful indication of its value. Here we extracted estimates of the first-order rate constant <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> from 1259 methane production curves collected in a large inter-laboratory study on BMP in order to quantify reproducibility. Reproducibility in <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> was poor; relative standard deviation was 50–140%. Substrate comparisons (<span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> for one substrate compared to another) also had low reproducibility, regardless of low <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span> values from inferential statistical tests. The use of a shared inoculum did not improve reproducibility in <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span>. We conclude that <span><math><mi>k</mi></math></span> estimates from BMP tests only partially reflect intrinsic substrate properties. Therefore, interpretation and application of batch kinetic results should be done cautiously.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100065"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000638/pdfft?md5=9c0ab10e29bb4c16b631fb47c93a53a7&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000638-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74433738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of process scheme for recovery of rare earths from leachate of coal flyash","authors":"Anand Rao K ,&nbsp;Ram Karan ,&nbsp;Madhu Babu J ,&nbsp;Rama Devi G ,&nbsp;Sreenivas T","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present paper expounds development of a two stage solvent extraction scheme for separation of rare earths (REE) from a sulfuric acid leachate obtained from an Indian coal flyash sample containing 2160 ppm REE. The leachate has low concentration of REE (305 mg/L) and high content of impurities (32.6 g/L). The problem of gel formation due to presence of Si in the leachate was prevented by gelatin strike which lowered dissolved Si content. About 94% of HREE and 86% of Light Rare Earths (LREE) values could be recovered in first and second stages of solvent extraction stages using D2EHPA solvent of optimized concentrations 12% (v/v) and 40% (v/v) saponified up to 40%, respectively. The two organic streams, former rich in HREE and the later rich in LREE, were subjected to multi stage cross current stripping at low A/O ratio using 6 mol/L HCl solution to obtain strip solutions concentrated in HREE and LREE respectively. The two strip liquors were neutralized with NaOH from which REE were precipitated using oxalic acid dihydrate to produce mixed REE concentrates, assaying 13% HREE and 17.5% LREE. The present study was a maiden attempt to recover REE from the actual leachate, of complex chemistry, obtained from an India flyash sample. Further, the flowsheet was up scaled to bench scale which includes easily scalable processes like leaching at ambient temperature (25 °C) and high solids concentration (20% w/v) followed by solvent extraction and precipitation stages. This study establishes a high potential for the recovery of REE from an Indian coal flyash at industrial scale. Scope exists for future studies on separation of individual rare earths oxides from the mixed REE oxalates that can be produced according to the present study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000766/pdfft?md5=834fb02d8028a535c81b12cf102d4106&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000766-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90155577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilizing cashew nut shell liquid for the sustainable production of biodiesel: A comprehensive review","authors":"Michael L. Adekanbi,&nbsp;Temilola T. Olugasa","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biodiesel has proven to be better in terms of emission and engine performance when compared to diesel. The reason for this can be attributed to the fact that they are environmentally friendly and combust well in diesel engines. Implementing the use of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL) for biodiesel production on a commercial scale has the potential to be profitable as the feedstock is a waste. The environmental concern associated with improper waste disposal and combustion of fossil fuel for energy production is a huge issue that is ravaging most developing regions of the world. Providing research-based solutions to these problems is expedient and meets major sustainable development goals. The waste-to-fuel technique has proven to be an effective tool that can be harnessed in ending these concerns. Hence, improving the efficiency of wastes used as feedstock to produce clean fuel is pivotal to building a sustainable environment. CNSL is inexpensive and using it as fuel can help mitigate the environmental effects of improper waste disposal in cashew processing factories. CNSL is obtained from cashew nuts through different methods, including mechanical extraction, thermal extraction and solvent extraction. This paper reviews the state of research on the utilization of cashew nut shell liquid biodiesel (CNSLBD) in diesel engines. Further research gaps that need to be addressed for this fuel to be more efficient were also mentioned. This work weighs the potential of this fuel as a good alternative energy source. Performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were considered in this review. This article established that CNSLBD gives a BTE as low as 12.3% and as high as 25.7% depending on the experimental conditions involved. It gives high BSFC and low HC, CO and CO₂ emissions. It produces high NO_X emission, but this can be reduced with techniques like Exhaust Gas Recirculation and blending the fuel with other additives. The main problem with CNSLBD is its high density and viscosity. However, this can be fixed by blending the fuel with another low viscous fuel. The ideal mix ratio for CNSLBD blends is 80% diesel: 20% CNSL. This work also established that the yield of CNSLBD during transesterification can be increased through ultrasonication. Finally, CNSLBD can be said to be a promising alternative fuel that has the potential to benefit both cashew nut companies and the energy industry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100085"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000833/pdfft?md5=8e51e2ab916f50a1bb7ef0f6664b7192&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000833-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88763701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic study of thermal decomposition of sugarcane bagasse pseudo-components at typical pretreatment conditions: Simulations of opportunities towards the establishment of a feasible primary biorefining","authors":"Juliana Otavia Bahú ,&nbsp;Roger Assis de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Leticia Mayuri Aiacyda De Souza ,&nbsp;Elmer Ccopa Rivera ,&nbsp;Romilda Fernandez Felisbino ,&nbsp;Rubens Maciel Filho ,&nbsp;Laura Plazas Tovar","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A deeper understanding of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of thermal degradation of sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is fundamental to defining appropriate conditions for primary biorefining in the production of renewable fuels. In this work, the kinetics of thermal degradation of high polymers of SCB was investigated through thermogravimetric data. Model-free and model-fitting methods were used to calculate apparent activation energies (<em>E_a</em>) and other related reaction parameters. An essential advance of this work is related to the quantitative interpretation of the degradation process (an endothermic and non-spontaneous process) via a multi-stage model governed by diffusion-controlled reactions and order-based models, which helps explain the differences observed in the mass balance of biorefining processes. Based on derivative thermogravimetric curves, three major peaks were associated with pseudo-components (PSE): PSE 1 (hemicelluloses + extractives and lignin), PSE 2 (cellulose + extractives and lignin), and PSE 3 (lignin + extractives and residual holocellulose). For PSE 1, PSE 2, and PSE 3, respectively, <em>E_a</em> ranges of 124–154, 147–153, and 230–530 kJ⋅mol⁻¹ were obtained using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose method, and 120–152, 144–150, and 232–545 kJ⋅mol⁻¹ were obtained using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa method. These data support the calculation of many critical operating parameters of biorefinery processes, such as the minimum pretreatment temperature. SCB biorefining could lead to a degradation of up to 10, 0.5, and 11% of PSE 1, PSE 2, and PSE 3, respectively, at 473.15 K for 200 min.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100074"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000729/pdfft?md5=88300ee09a73a848392a3de234eeeb78&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000729-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74331595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curcumin-loaded hybrid particles for drug delivery applications","authors":"Gayathri Devi Chakrapani ,&nbsp;Gladstone Christopher Jayakumar ,&nbsp;Bindia Sahu ,&nbsp;Jonnalagadda Raghava Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The development of biopolymeric drug carriers is gaining interest due to their biocompatibility. Porous particles are the preferred drug-loading choice due to the high surface area. Lipids and collagen are widely explored biopolymers for various tissue engineering applications as drug carriers. In the present study, an attempt has been made to develop porous particles using collagen and lipid through a freeze-drying technique with cyclohexane and t-butyl alcohol as solvents. Porous particle formation has been confirmed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) in three different solvent ratios of cyclohexane and t-butyl alcohol viz., 1:2, 2:1, 1:1 respectively. The particle size of the lipid-collagen particles prepared from different solvent ratios was found to be 1032nm, 1612 nm, and 589 nm respectively. The mean pore diameter of prepared particles in the 1:2 and 2:1 solvent mixture was found to be 3.64 and 3.97 nm respectively. Similarly, the lipid -collagen interaction has been ascertained through Transmission Electron Micreoscope (TEM) image. The influence of lipid on collagen has been studied using a fibrillogenesis assay and found that a higher incubation period influences the self-assembling process of the collagen. However, it aids in particle formation. Furthermore, a model drug curcumin has been loaded in the prepared particles and assessed for loading efficiency and release. The drug release studies confirms that a sustained drug release pattern acts as a prominent drug carrier for therapeutic applications prepared through the simple freeze-drying technique.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S277278232200064X/pdfft?md5=9c898a8a57bd0b3dd13bdc7abe5ad95d&pid=1-s2.0-S277278232200064X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84103038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic, electrochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant behaviour of carbon-sulphur Co-doped zirconium (IV) oxide nanocomposite","authors":"J.O. Tijani ,&nbsp;E.I. Odeh ,&nbsp;S. Mustapha ,&nbsp;T.C. Egbosiuba ,&nbsp;A.I. Daniel ,&nbsp;A.S. Abdulkareem ,&nbsp;F.N. Muya","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, carbon-sulphur co-doped ZrO₂ nanocomposites were synthesised using the aqueous leaves extract of <em>Plumeria acuminate,</em> zirconia salt precursor, polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium hydrosulphide. The structural, elemental and morphological properties of the synthesized nanomaterials were examined by different analytical techniques UV-visible spectrophotometer, HRSEM-EDS, HRTEM-SAED, XRD and BET. HRSEM analysis of C-S-ZrO₂ revealed the presence of spherical and irregular hexagonal shapes. The XRD pattern demonstrated formation of crystalline tetragonal and a mixture of tetragonal and orthorhombic phases for ZrO₂ and C-S-ZrO₂ composite with an average size of 20.03 nm and 12.40 nm respectively. The band gap values of 5.2 eV and 3.4 eV were obtained for ZrO₂ and C-S-ZrO₂ respectively. The adsorptive and photocatalytic properties of ZrO₂ based nanomaterials for the removal of azo dye in local dyeing wastewater were investigated. The electrochemical activities of the nanomaterials were assessed using cyclic voltammetry, while Agar well diffusion, DPPH and ABTS methods were followed for the determination of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ZrO₂ and C-S-ZrO₂. The maximum COD, BOD, TOC, SO₄^2-, CO₃^2, Cl⁻ and NO₃⁻removal efficiencies of 77.3%, 87.6%, 97.7% 63.9%, 84.4%, 70.3% and 83.3 % at 120 min were obtained using C-S-ZrO₂ composite due to its higher surface area (80.165 m²/g) and lower band gap (3.4 eV) compared with ZrO₂ (10.682 m²/g). Carbon-sulphur co-doped ZrO₂ composite exhibited moderate antioxidant activity and increased peak current than other ZrO₂ based nanomaterials due to its highest surface area than ZrO₂ alone. The order of antibacterial activity of the nanomaterials against the <em>Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli</em> is ZrO₂-C-S (15.40±1.11 mm, 25.10±1.80 mm, 20.03±2.50 mm) &gt; C-ZrO₂ (9.45±2.65 mm, 11.18±0.33 mm, 15.45±3.25 mm) &gt; S-ZrO₂ (7.52±1.55 mm, 12.45±0.11 mm, nil) &gt;ZrO₂ (6.33±0.90 mm, 4.25±0.52 mm, nil). The experimental data best described by pseudo-first-order, followed by parabolic-diffusion and modified Freundlich models. The results showed that the synthesized C-S-ZrO₂ nanocomposite is highly efficient with excellent regenerative potential even after five cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000328/pdfft?md5=9900b1e11deca4c49a523db2ea8d2c9e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000328-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75562131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioenergy potential of millet chaff via thermogravimetric analysis and combustion process simulation using Aspen Plus","authors":"Isah Yakub Mohammed ,&nbsp;Garba Kabir ,&nbsp;Yousif Abdalla Abakr ,&nbsp;Michael Atogiba Ayiania Apasiku ,&nbsp;Feroz Kabir Kazi ,&nbsp;Lawan Garba Abubakar","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Millet chaff constitutes one of the most abundant agro-residues in the sub-Saharan Africa and its utilisation as a feedstock in developing sustainable bioenergy solutions is very sketchy. This study presents the first comprehensive physicochemical and combustion characteristics of millet chaff via thermogravimetric analysis and process simulation using Aspen Plus. The millet chaff sample was collected and assessed as received for proximate and ultimate analyses. The results showed the biomass has 71.25 wt%, 15.35 wt%, 13.40 wt% and 13.15 MJ/kg for volatile matter, fixed-carbon, ash content and higher heating value respectively. The material consists of low nitrogen and sulphur content with potassium, aluminium, magnesium, calcium, iron and sodium as the inorganic components. Kinetic study using distributed activation energy model (DAEM) revealed an average frequency factor and activation energy of 1.41 × 10¹⁸(s⁻¹) and 149.39 kJ/mol. Ignition and burnout temperature in the range of 232-244°C and 430-489°C were recorded. The average combustion thermodynamic parameters; ΔH, ΔG and ΔS were found to be 144.75 kJ/mol, 167.12 kJ/mol and -40.08 J/mol. The combustion process analysis coupled with steam turbine cycle via process simulation revealed an excellent combustion efficiency at air-fuel ratio of 5.14. (stoichiometric air). The power generation and electric efficiency of 0.7kWh/kg and 21.07% respectively were recorded at 24% excess air with minimal environmental impacts. This suggests that millet chaff is a good biomass feedstock suitable for clean bioenergy production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000444/pdfft?md5=48ac9c64ae74a47e3abe41ffd5706010&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000444-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72714357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and utilization of meso and microporous catalysts for the valorization of newspaper waste to bio-based chemicals using Choline chloride as biodegradable solvent","authors":"Uplabdhi Tyagi,&nbsp;Neeru Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clce.2022.100055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study develops an effective and sustainable catalytic system using mesoporous (KIT-6 and NbKIT-6) and microporous catalysts (ZIF-8) for the conversion of newspaper waste to value-added products such as TRS (Total reducing sugars) and 5-HMF (5-Hydroxymethyl furfural). The bio-based products were produced using green and biodegradable solvent Choline chloride in presence of sustainable catalysts under mild operating conditions at 1 atm pressure. The study demonstrated the potential of monophasic (Choline chloride and Catalyst) and biphasic (Choline chloride, Catalyst and Extracting solvent) system and revealed their comparative insights. It was observed that both the systems were highly effective but the purity and stability of products were higher in the biphasic system compared to the monophasic system. The synthesised catalysts possess high surface area 588.528, 534.414 and 351.85 m²/g with pore volume 0.7587, 0.3574 and 0.2362 cc/g for KIT-6, NbKIT-6 and ZIF respectively. The selected extracting solvents were found to be promising and the maximum 5-HMF yield was found to be 62.12%, 73.45% and 79.66% in DMSO medium using KIT-6 (160 °C, 135 min), NbKIT-6 (140 °C, 90 min) and ZIF-8 (140 °C, 105 min) catalysts respectively. Also, all the catalysts are reusable for up to five runs with minimal loss in catalyst activity. The proposed catalytic system will help to resolve the challenges associated with biorefineries in terms of product separation and recyclability of catalysts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100251,"journal":{"name":"Cleaner Chemical Engineering","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772782322000535/pdfft?md5=6f3daec0f38ea3cb65b561aa1707468e&pid=1-s2.0-S2772782322000535-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76713596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}