Valorization of industrial brine sludge waste for augmented spray dry scrubbing of SO₂ using hygroscopic additives

Cleaner Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI:10.1016/j.clce.2024.100136

B.J. Chepkonga , L. Koech , H.L. Rutto , R.S. Makomere , E.K. Suter

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Abstract

Detailed experiments were conducted using a laboratory-scale spray dryer under controlled conditions to investigate the effects of highly hygroscopic additives on the performance of hydrated lime (Ca(OH)₂) in spray dry scrubbing (SDS) of sulfur dioxide (SO₂). The experiment involved the preparation of hydrated lime sorbent from industrial brine sludge waste (IBSW) as the starting material. The evaluated additives included sodium hydroxide, ammonium nitrate, ammonium chloride, sodium chloride, and urea. The additives were chosen based on their hygroscopicity, as it is understood that the degree of desulfurization and sorbent conversion in an SDS is significantly enhanced in the prolonged liquid phase. Experiments were conducted at a constant inlet flue gas temperature of 140 °C, sorbent particle size of -45μm, while the calcium to sulfur (Ca:S) ratio was varied in the range of 1.0 - 2.5. Slurry with 10 wt. % Ca(OH)₂ was used while varying the additive concentration from 2 to 8 wt. %. The experimental findings revealed that all the investigated additives, except urea, promoted the removal efficiency of SO₂ above baseline. Sodium hydroxide was the best-performing additive achieving 92.06 % SO₂ removal efficiency and a calcium conversion of 54.59 %. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed traces of additives present in the sulfation products. Similarly, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis on the final product showed the presence of desulfurization products and the respective additive compounds. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) depicted reaction products particles as course, irregular, and deformed.

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工业卤水污泥废弃物增湿性喷雾干燥洗涤so2的研究

利用实验室规模的喷雾干燥机，在可控条件下，研究了高吸湿性添加剂对水合石灰（Ca(OH)2）在二氧化硫（SO2）喷雾干燥洗涤（SDS）中性能的影响。以工业卤水污泥为原料制备水合石灰吸附剂。评价的添加剂包括氢氧化钠、硝酸铵、氯化铵、氯化钠和尿素。添加剂的选择是基于它们的吸湿性，因为可以理解，在延长的液相中，SDS中的脱硫和吸附剂转化程度显着提高。实验在进口烟气温度为140℃，吸附剂粒径为-45μm，钙硫比（Ca:S）在1.0 ~ 2.5范围内变化时进行。当添加剂浓度从2 wt. %到8 wt. %变化时，使用含有10 wt. % Ca(OH)2的浆料。实验结果表明，除尿素外，所研究的添加剂对SO2的去除率均高于基线。氢氧化钠是性能最好的添加剂，SO2去除率为92.06%，钙转化率为54.59%。傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）分析表明，硫化产物中存在微量添加剂。同样，对最终产物的x射线衍射（XRD）分析表明存在脱硫产物和相应的添加剂化合物。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）描述了反应产物颗粒为不规则、不规则和变形。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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Cleaner Chemical Engineering

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