Civil Engineering Design最新文献

{"title":"The ecological and economic advantages of carbon reinforced concrete—Using the C3 result house CUBE especially the BOX value chain as an example","authors":"Matthias Tietze,&nbsp;Susanne Kirmse,&nbsp;Alexander Kahnt,&nbsp;Frank Schladitz,&nbsp;Manfred Curbach","doi":"10.1002/cend.202200001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202200001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Against the background of global warming and the associated need to drastically reduce energy and resource consumption, action must also be taken in the building sector. Resource-efficient construction methods must be used that nevertheless allow the increasing construction tasks in areas such as infrastructure and housing to continue to be fulfilled. In order to successfully introduce a new construction method to the market, the aspects of recyclability and economic efficiency are essential, in addition to important government requirements for climate neutrality and technical performance. Above all, the economic viability, that is, the economic advantageousness, as well as its simple applicability compared to competing systems, decides on the success and widespread use of a new technology. Carbon reinforced concrete, with its outstanding technical properties and simultaneous material efficiency, is an important building block toward climate neutrality in the construction industry. It is a promising technology that still has to prove its economic advantages and robust applicability under market conditions. In addition to the infrastructure sector, there is great potential in the area of housing creation, which needs to be tapped for carbon reinforced concrete. For this challenge, it is necessary to design a competitive value chain that allows the realization of marketable products in mass production on existing plant technology. The article gives a short overview of the economic and ecological status quo in the field of prefabricated construction with carbon concrete, using the example of the C³-result building CUBE. In particular, the CUBE-BOX, which is made of prefabricated and semi-prefabricated parts, is examined in more detail and the carbon reinforced concrete components used are compared with classic reinforced concrete constructions in terms of sustainability. In this context, the conceivable global climate protection contribution of the carbon reinforced concrete construction method is forecast based on potential market segments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202200001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86490413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonmetallic reinforcement at the cap widening of Carola Bridge in Dresden","authors":"Harald Michler,&nbsp;Silke Scheerer,&nbsp;Stefan Burgard,&nbsp;Holger Kalbe,&nbsp;Manfred Curbach","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Carola Bridge (Carolabrücke), built in 1971, has a length of approximately 375 m and takes the tram and the B 170 federal road in Dresden across the river Elbe. The intensive use of the bridge and deficits in user-friendliness made building measures inevitable. One part was the widening of the upstream bridge cap. Here, the application of a new nonmetallic reinforcement within the concrete cover was planned to improve the service life of the cap, a so far unique method. Based on an installation test and an investigation of the cracking behavior, both described in the paper, two reinforcement configurations were selected for practical application. The project provides an ideal opportunity to bring carbon and basalt reinforcements closer to the public and to demonstrate their cast in during normal operation on a concrete construction site.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 4","pages":"131-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202100046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79876552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentials of hydroactive lightweight façades for urban climate resilience","authors":"Christina Eisenbarth,&nbsp;Walter Haase,&nbsp;Lucio Blandini,&nbsp;Werner Sobek","doi":"10.1002/cend.202200003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202200003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extreme heat and heavy rainfall events with severe inundations have a significant impact on urban architecture, resulting in considerable personal injuries and material damage. Nowadays, the proportion of façade surface in urban areas with tall buildings is substantially larger than the proportion of horizontal roof or ground surface areas. A high leverage effect on climate resilience and sustainability of buildings and cities can therefore be attributed to the building envelopes. Whereas the majority of existing façades are designed to provide only minor qualities at a district or urban level, research at the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) at the University of Stuttgart focuses on development of a new type of hydroactive lightweight façades incorporating climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. A textile- and film-based façade element called <i>HydroSKIN</i> is capable of providing a retention surface on the envelope of the building. With a minimal amount of embedded mass, energy, and CO₂ emissions, the façade add-on element is suitable for both new and existing buildings. <i>HydroSKIN</i> combines rainwater harvesting (RWH) and run-off water reduction by retaining the precipitation water that strikes the façade with a time-delayed evaporative cooling (EC) of the building and its environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202200003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74931216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural monitoring of segmental tunnel linings: Toward safer and more resource-efficient tunnels","authors":"Fabian Rauch,&nbsp;Oliver Fischer","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shield-driven tunnels play a key role in an efficient and clean future mobility. In order to ensure their reliable operation and to allow further innovations, it is necessary to know their level of safety from a structural point of view. Only if the internal forces within the tunnel linings are known precisely, a realistic estimation of the load-bearing capacity is possible. However, this is easier said than done, as the prediction of internal forces is subjected to major uncertainties. In case of shield-driven tunnels in particular, there is still a great need for research on the prediction of internal forces. Therefore, in a current research project the authors are performing an in-situ structural monitoring on segmental tunnel linings in Frankfurt (Main) to observe the development of the internal forces. A sophisticated monitoring concept, as well as an extensive calibration and validation program, ensures reliable results. This article presents the current status of the project including the general concepts, theoretical aspects, calibration tests in the tunnel segment testing rig as well as first in situ measurement data.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202100053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86632282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid slim floor structures for a more sustainable future","authors":"Marvin Vollbracht","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid structures are a current trend in the building industry that greatly increase the sustainability. Building with hybrid structures means in general combining different materials, such as wood, concrete, or steel to generate new properties that cannot be achieved by usage of the individual materials itself. When using hybrid structures, buildings of all types and usages can be built very quickly and flexibly. The same can be achieved with prefabricated systems used for slim floor structures. By combining hybrid and slim floor structures, not only the CO₂ emissions will be lower, because materials that accommodate low emissions such as wood are used, even the building height can be reduced and, as a result, the heating and cooling costs will be lower. In addition, such structures can be demounted again, when the lifecycle of a building ends and reused in the same or a different function. These are just a few aspects and advantages of hybrid slim floor structures that will be examined in more detail below.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88674514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of industrial robots vs joinery machines for milling pockets in glulam: Comparison based on surface quality and 3D scans","authors":"Marc Pantscharowitsch,&nbsp;Benjamin Kromoser","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Joinery machines (JM) are state-of-the art for subtractive machining of timber. When considering costs, availability and multi-axis flexibility, industrial robots (IR) can be seen as a viable alternative as they show high potential for the increase of efficiency, workspace, and possibilities of machining. However, objective data for the quantification of this assumption are not available. This article investigates the capabilities of IRs for the milling of pockets in glued laminated timber. To enable a comparison, benchmark specimen milled using JMs were investigated alongside the pockets milled by IRs. The assessment was conducted by (a) nominal/actual geometry comparison, (b) the surface quality using the stylus method and an optical/haptic assessment, and (c) high-resolution 3D scans. The results show that IRs as standalone solution are competitive and a valuable supplement for existing facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202100049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86224116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Curved beams with circular cross-sections under pure in-plane bending","authors":"Dimitrios S. Sophianopoulos,&nbsp;George T. Michaltsos","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100036","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper deals with the phenomenon of flattening or inflation of cross-sections caused by pure bending on beams of hollow circular cross-section with or without initial curvature. Both initially straight and initially bent tubes are analyzed under in plane bending. Results over a wide range of initial curvature values are presented. Finally, the area of validity of the expressions used is studied, as well as the deformations and stresses that occur in practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 4","pages":"120-130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78970034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale composite finite element modeling of three-dimensional prestressed reinforced concrete structural members: Part I—A comprehensive framework","authors":"Guillermo Díaz","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100042","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100042","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The goal of this work is to develop a complete theoretical framework for the numerical modeling of three-dimensional prestressed reinforced concrete structural members, soil mixture, and their interactions. This numerical formulation is based on the construction of a new composite finite element, in order to tackle the multi-scale problem. For this purpose, the mechanical behavior of each microstructure component material will be modeled as follows: (a) for the plain concrete (PC) and the soil mixture, an anisotropic-damage-elastoplastic model equipped with the strong discontinuity approach will be taken into account; (b) a polycrystal plasticity model, for the steel rebars and prestrssed tendons will be captured through a new strategy solution of discontinuous bifurcation problem, with the main objective to represent the multi-cracking phenomenon; (c) regarding the mechanical behavior of the aggregates and rocks (skeleton—hydro mechanic problem) in the PC and soil mixture, respectively, an anisotropic-damage-double-poro-polycrystal plasticity model equipped with softening material will be considered. An advanced failure algorithm based on the marching tetrahedron and the pseudo-termic problem will be developed. Finally, the zone that characterizes the interaction between the structural member and the soil mixture will be encrusted inside the composite finite element.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"43-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86340428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a large-scale adaptive concrete beam with integrated fluidic actuators","authors":"Timon Burghardt,&nbsp;Christian Kelleter,&nbsp;Matthias Bosch,&nbsp;Markus Nitzlader,&nbsp;Matthias Bachmann,&nbsp;Hansgeorg Binz,&nbsp;Lucio Blandini,&nbsp;Werner Sobek","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100037","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the world population keeps growing, so does the demand for new construction. Considering material resources are limited, it will be unfeasible to meet such demand employing conventional construction methods. A new resource-saving approach is provided by adaptive structures. Using sensors, actuators and control units, structures are enabled to adapt to loads, for example, to compensate for deformations. Since deformations are dominant in the design of bending-stressed load-bearing structures, adaptivity enables such structures to be realized using less material and achieving the same load-bearing capacity in comparison to conventional designs. This article presents a concrete beam of typical building dimensions that compensates deflections by means of integrated fluidic actuators. These actuators offer the possibility of reacting optimally to general loading. The investigation is carried out on an approximately 4-m-long beam with integrated hydraulic actuators. To ensure the overall functionality, accurate dimensioning of the beam as well as the hydraulic system is mandatory. Analytical design of the beam and actuation system are carried out for predimensioning. Experimental testing validates the function and demonstrates that the adaptive beam works as predicted. A fully compensation in deflection is possible. Therefore, a significant increase in load-bearing capacity is possible with the same material input compared to conventional beams.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"35-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202100037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86036095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Threaded rods grouted in beech laminated veneer lumber","authors":"Jonas Wirries,&nbsp;Franck Y. T. Tsopjio,&nbsp;Till Vallée,&nbsp;Sebastian Myslicki","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100041","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100041","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glued-in rods are a class of adhesively bonded joints for timber engineering applications resulting in high-strength and stiffness connections. However, the use of polymeric adhesives may lead to issues related if the temperatures exceed their glass transition temperature, restricting their performance under quasi-static, or more critically, sustained loads. To overcome these, the substitution of polymeric adhesives by mineral high-performance grout was investigated. It was found that primers have neither a significant effect on strength nor on the failure mode; threated wood surfaces, however, resulted in a significant improvement of the latter. Based thereupon, grouted-in rods were manufactured. The best performance was achieved with a threaded wood surface, which achieved roughly 50% of the strength comparable adhesively bonded glued-in rod's strength. While the obtained strength may seem quite low, it is important to remind that the latter will largely remain unaffected by temperature; accordingly, made at room temperature, the comparison between grouted and glued rods is in favor of adhesive bonding, it may well be different at elevated ones.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 4","pages":"110-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88414946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}