Civil Engineering Design最新文献

{"title":"Determination of object-specific traffic-load-models for existing road bridges based on traffic data","authors":"Ursula Freundt,&nbsp;Sebastian Böning,&nbsp;Eberhard Pelke","doi":"10.1002/cend.202200022","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202200022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>For an assessment of the necessity, the efficiency and the prioritization of repair and upgrading measures for bridges, object-specific knowledge of structural stresses and structural conditions is indispensable. From the identification of traffic occupancy (quantity and quality) and the analysis of the structural reactions, statements on the current load-bearing capacity of an existing bridge will derived. A necessary data basis is the traffic data of the real traffic determined for the specific bridge.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 5-6","pages":"174-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85398413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermodynamic topology optimization for sequential additive manufacturing including structural self-weight","authors":"Miriam Kick,&nbsp;Dustin R. Jantos,&nbsp;Philipp Junker","doi":"10.1002/cend.202200007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202200007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Topology optimization and additive manufacturing complement one another where the first one results in possibly complex structures, and the second one allows for manufacturing of those. For computing optimized components that also fit to the manufacturing limits, the building processes need to be accounted for already during the optimization process. A special characteristic of the additive manufacturing process is the step-by-step manufacturing. Herein, constructing large-scale structures, as for example buildings or bridges, by assembling pre-produced segments can also be considered as additive manufacturing. Especially, a design which also carries the manufacturing or assembling machine, as for example cranes or robots, on different positions during manufacturing is of interest. Therefore, we extend the established thermodynamic topology optimization for a sequential optimization process which considers changing manufacturing loads under structural self-weight.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 5-6","pages":"162-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202200007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87800924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributed strain measurements in thin expansive concrete slabs with biaxial textile reinforcement","authors":"Katarzyna Zdanowicz,&nbsp;Birgit Beckmann,&nbsp;Steffen Marx","doi":"10.1002/cend.202200002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202200002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The objective of the paper is to analyze the shrinkage and expansion strain development in thin slabs made of expansive concrete and reinforced with carbon textile reinforcement. The symmetrical textile reinforcement grid provided a biaxial restraint for the concrete shrinkage and expansion. Strains of the slabs were measured with distributed fiber optic sensors (DFOS) in both directions so that a 2D visualization of their distribution can be presented and analyzed. Parallel, standard restrained expansion tests (RET) were conducted to assess the expansive concrete mixture and large-scale beam specimens with uniaxial steel reinforcement were also equipped with DFOS and analyzed. This study aimed to compare the strains in uniaxially restrained elements with steel reinforcement and biaxially restrained textile reinforced concrete elements, in order to assess to what extent the results of the standard RET can be used for evaluation of textile reinforced concrete members.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 5-6","pages":"154-161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202200002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75120704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new approval for the sustainable strengthening of existing structures with carbon reinforced concrete","authors":"Maximilian May,&nbsp;Alexander Schumann,&nbsp;Sebastian May","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The latest global events have shown that climate protection belongs to the biggest current issues of today. In order to initiate the change that is urgently needed, future-oriented processes are required. The excessive use of resources and the associated CO₂ emissions in the construction sector have reached levels that are harmful to the environment and will burden the future generations. Furthermore, a worrisome trend has emerged in the construction industry in recent years. Instead of preserving old and existing building structures, demolition and replacement construction is preferred. Environmental aspects or the historical value of monuments and listed buildings play no role, even though these are essential considerations of our time! How can we put an end to the waste of resources and destruction of local building history? With new and innovative materials—such as the high-performance composite material carbon reinforced concrete, especially in the field of renovation and strengthening of existing structures. A new and improved approval enables to strengthen structures more efficiently and therefore, to save material. As a result, buildings are not only protected from demolition, but also remain being used sustainably.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"72-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83817977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ecological and economic advantages of carbon reinforced concrete—Using the C3 result house CUBE especially the BOX value chain as an example","authors":"Matthias Tietze,&nbsp;Susanne Kirmse,&nbsp;Alexander Kahnt,&nbsp;Frank Schladitz,&nbsp;Manfred Curbach","doi":"10.1002/cend.202200001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202200001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Against the background of global warming and the associated need to drastically reduce energy and resource consumption, action must also be taken in the building sector. Resource-efficient construction methods must be used that nevertheless allow the increasing construction tasks in areas such as infrastructure and housing to continue to be fulfilled. In order to successfully introduce a new construction method to the market, the aspects of recyclability and economic efficiency are essential, in addition to important government requirements for climate neutrality and technical performance. Above all, the economic viability, that is, the economic advantageousness, as well as its simple applicability compared to competing systems, decides on the success and widespread use of a new technology. Carbon reinforced concrete, with its outstanding technical properties and simultaneous material efficiency, is an important building block toward climate neutrality in the construction industry. It is a promising technology that still has to prove its economic advantages and robust applicability under market conditions. In addition to the infrastructure sector, there is great potential in the area of housing creation, which needs to be tapped for carbon reinforced concrete. For this challenge, it is necessary to design a competitive value chain that allows the realization of marketable products in mass production on existing plant technology. The article gives a short overview of the economic and ecological status quo in the field of prefabricated construction with carbon concrete, using the example of the C³-result building CUBE. In particular, the CUBE-BOX, which is made of prefabricated and semi-prefabricated parts, is examined in more detail and the carbon reinforced concrete components used are compared with classic reinforced concrete constructions in terms of sustainability. In this context, the conceivable global climate protection contribution of the carbon reinforced concrete construction method is forecast based on potential market segments.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"79-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202200001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86490413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonmetallic reinforcement at the cap widening of Carola Bridge in Dresden","authors":"Harald Michler,&nbsp;Silke Scheerer,&nbsp;Stefan Burgard,&nbsp;Holger Kalbe,&nbsp;Manfred Curbach","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100046","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Carola Bridge (Carolabrücke), built in 1971, has a length of approximately 375 m and takes the tram and the B 170 federal road in Dresden across the river Elbe. The intensive use of the bridge and deficits in user-friendliness made building measures inevitable. One part was the widening of the upstream bridge cap. Here, the application of a new nonmetallic reinforcement within the concrete cover was planned to improve the service life of the cap, a so far unique method. Based on an installation test and an investigation of the cracking behavior, both described in the paper, two reinforcement configurations were selected for practical application. The project provides an ideal opportunity to bring carbon and basalt reinforcements closer to the public and to demonstrate their cast in during normal operation on a concrete construction site.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 4","pages":"131-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202100046","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79876552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potentials of hydroactive lightweight façades for urban climate resilience","authors":"Christina Eisenbarth,&nbsp;Walter Haase,&nbsp;Lucio Blandini,&nbsp;Werner Sobek","doi":"10.1002/cend.202200003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202200003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extreme heat and heavy rainfall events with severe inundations have a significant impact on urban architecture, resulting in considerable personal injuries and material damage. Nowadays, the proportion of façade surface in urban areas with tall buildings is substantially larger than the proportion of horizontal roof or ground surface areas. A high leverage effect on climate resilience and sustainability of buildings and cities can therefore be attributed to the building envelopes. Whereas the majority of existing façades are designed to provide only minor qualities at a district or urban level, research at the Institute for Lightweight Structures and Conceptual Design (ILEK) at the University of Stuttgart focuses on development of a new type of hydroactive lightweight façades incorporating climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. A textile- and film-based façade element called <i>HydroSKIN</i> is capable of providing a retention surface on the envelope of the building. With a minimal amount of embedded mass, energy, and CO₂ emissions, the façade add-on element is suitable for both new and existing buildings. <i>HydroSKIN</i> combines rainwater harvesting (RWH) and run-off water reduction by retaining the precipitation water that strikes the façade with a time-delayed evaporative cooling (EC) of the building and its environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202200003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74931216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural monitoring of segmental tunnel linings: Toward safer and more resource-efficient tunnels","authors":"Fabian Rauch,&nbsp;Oliver Fischer","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shield-driven tunnels play a key role in an efficient and clean future mobility. In order to ensure their reliable operation and to allow further innovations, it is necessary to know their level of safety from a structural point of view. Only if the internal forces within the tunnel linings are known precisely, a realistic estimation of the load-bearing capacity is possible. However, this is easier said than done, as the prediction of internal forces is subjected to major uncertainties. In case of shield-driven tunnels in particular, there is still a great need for research on the prediction of internal forces. Therefore, in a current research project the authors are performing an in-situ structural monitoring on segmental tunnel linings in Frankfurt (Main) to observe the development of the internal forces. A sophisticated monitoring concept, as well as an extensive calibration and validation program, ensures reliable results. This article presents the current status of the project including the general concepts, theoretical aspects, calibration tests in the tunnel segment testing rig as well as first in situ measurement data.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"62-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202100053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86632282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid slim floor structures for a more sustainable future","authors":"Marvin Vollbracht","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid structures are a current trend in the building industry that greatly increase the sustainability. Building with hybrid structures means in general combining different materials, such as wood, concrete, or steel to generate new properties that cannot be achieved by usage of the individual materials itself. When using hybrid structures, buildings of all types and usages can be built very quickly and flexibly. The same can be achieved with prefabricated systems used for slim floor structures. By combining hybrid and slim floor structures, not only the CO₂ emissions will be lower, because materials that accommodate low emissions such as wood are used, even the building height can be reduced and, as a result, the heating and cooling costs will be lower. In addition, such structures can be demounted again, when the lifecycle of a building ends and reused in the same or a different function. These are just a few aspects and advantages of hybrid slim floor structures that will be examined in more detail below.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"89-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88674514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of industrial robots vs joinery machines for milling pockets in glulam: Comparison based on surface quality and 3D scans","authors":"Marc Pantscharowitsch,&nbsp;Benjamin Kromoser","doi":"10.1002/cend.202100049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cend.202100049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Joinery machines (JM) are state-of-the art for subtractive machining of timber. When considering costs, availability and multi-axis flexibility, industrial robots (IR) can be seen as a viable alternative as they show high potential for the increase of efficiency, workspace, and possibilities of machining. However, objective data for the quantification of this assumption are not available. This article investigates the capabilities of IRs for the milling of pockets in glued laminated timber. To enable a comparison, benchmark specimen milled using JMs were investigated alongside the pockets milled by IRs. The assessment was conducted by (a) nominal/actual geometry comparison, (b) the surface quality using the stylus method and an optical/haptic assessment, and (c) high-resolution 3D scans. The results show that IRs as standalone solution are competitive and a valuable supplement for existing facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":100248,"journal":{"name":"Civil Engineering Design","volume":"4 1-3","pages":"25-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cend.202100049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86224116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}