Child Protection and Practice最新文献

{"title":"Global and inclusive considerations for the future of ACEs research","authors":"Kafui Sawyer ,&nbsp;Samantha Kempe ,&nbsp;Matthew Carwana ,&nbsp;Nicole Racine","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) can increase the risk of physical, mental, behavioral, and educational difficulties across the lifespan. ACEs research to date has largely had an individualistic approach, considering experience impacting one person within their own family. In order to be more relevant across societies and cultures around the globe, there is a need to build on current ACEs research by also considering broader aspects of the social ecology including individual, societal, and cultural factors. This commentary discusses the limitations of the current ACEs research and the need to also consider social and methodological aspects of adversity. The importance of considering protective factors is also discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100054"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000548/pdfft?md5=729813feeac4fc5b228e6e470e3d63f6&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000548-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141993172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the intergenerational continuity of ACEs amongst a sample of Welsh male prisoners: A retrospective cross-sectional study","authors":"Kat Ford ,&nbsp;Mark A. Bellis ,&nbsp;Karen Hughes ,&nbsp;Natasha Judd ,&nbsp;Emma R. Barton","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The relationship between parent and child adverse childhood experience (ACE) exposure remains underexplored, particularly within justice-involved samples.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This objective of the study was to examine the intergenerational continuity of ACEs within a UK prison population.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>294 males aged 18–69 years in a Welsh prison, with father reported data for 671 children they had fathered.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A face-to-face ACE questionnaire measured exposure to 10 ACE types. For each child they had fathered participants were asked to report their child's gender, age and their exposure before the age of 18 to the same ACE types, except having a household member incarcerated.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Paternal ACE exposure was found to increase the risk of child ACE exposure, both to multiple ACEs and individual ACE types. Compared to children of fathers with no ACEs, those of fathers with 4+ were almost three times more likely to have been exposed to 2–3 ACEs and six times more likely to be exposed to 4+ ACEs. The risk of a child residing in a household where mental illness was present was 7.4 times higher where their father had 4+ ACEs.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Findings highlight the need for prevention interventions to break the intergenerational continuity of ACEs. Further research is needed to explore what protects against the intergenerational continuity of ACEs. Criminal justice systems and wider services need to ensure that they support those incarcerated alongside their families who are at high risk of ACEs and consequently poorer education, health and criminal justice outcomes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100053"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000536/pdfft?md5=c0e0a49437645c70d6a323dfd3a471fb&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000536-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142011338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse childhood experiences, sentinel injuries, and effective clinical responses: Can we do better? – A Canadian perspective","authors":"Megan Cooney,&nbsp;Suzanne Kathleen Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Medically minor abusive injuries, known as sentinel injuries, are often missed in clinical settings. Child physical abuse, which frequently presents with medically minor or no visible injury, is a common adverse childhood experience (ACE). Practitioners are not typically trained to consider the increased risk of detrimental outcomes described with ACE exposures when young children present with sentinel injuries. However, these injuries may be the only visible signs that a young child is at increased risk of detrimental health, social, and behavioral concerns both imminently and over the lifespan. This Practice Perspective aims to describe common sentinel injuries, discuss why they are underrecognized by practitioners, and describe the clinical approach to assessing these injuries from a Canadian perspective. It will also discuss how improving recognition could decrease subsequent severe presentations with child maltreatment while also identifying children at risk for the detrimental outcomes described in adults with exposures to ACEs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100052"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000524/pdfft?md5=98a8c52f7e9811b276305f6ee8469f8d&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000524-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141985841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young people's experiences and use of violence in the home: Examining four types of child maltreatment, their intersections and self-reported use of violence in the home","authors":"Silke Meyer ,&nbsp;María Atiénzar-Prieto ,&nbsp;Kate Fitz-Gibbon","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Child maltreatment has received substantial academic attention. However, little remains known about the intersection of different types of child maltreatment and their association with young people's use of violence in the home.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To examine the intersection of child maltreatment types and the intergenerational transmission of violence through young people's use of violence in the home.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p><em>and setting</em>: A total of 5021 young people (16–20 years old) completed an online survey, recruited using non-probability sampling via survey panels.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Analyses were carried out using χ² tests and a series of binary logistic regressions to examine the association between participant characteristics and unique child maltreatment experiences with different forms of maltreatment and young people's use of violence.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, 29.9% of participants had experienced at least one form of maltreatment and 16.7% reported experiences of multi-type maltreatment. The most common experiences were childhood experiences of domestic violence (CEDV) (27.3%), followed by verbal/emotional abuse (17%), which both increased the likelihood of also experiencing physical abuse (OR = 5.85 and OR = 10.21, respectively). Cisgender females and children living with a disability were more likely to experience all four types of maltreatment. Experiences of verbal/emotional abuse (OR = 4.56), and CEDV (OR = 4.52) increased the risk of young people's use of violence in the home.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Findings contribute to a growing body of work recognising CEDV as a distinct form of child maltreatment which intersects with other experiences of abuse, including young people's use of violence in the home.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100051"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000512/pdfft?md5=d17adc3d093181a291b37c406a9def45&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000512-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141979563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Plaster solutions” – Providing support for children residing in emergency housing motels in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand","authors":"Bernadine Williams,&nbsp;Linda Murray,&nbsp;Bevan Erueti","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Since the COVID-19 pandemic, motels have become increasingly used as sites for emergency accommodation in Aotearoa New Zealand. Consequently, children now reside in motel rooms intended for seven day emergency stays for much longer periods of time. Ten key-informant interviews were conducted with service providers supporting children residing in motels in the Waikato region. Thematic analysis generated five themes relating to child wellbeing: 1.) Living conditions, 2.) Physical and psychological safety, 3.) Inappropriateness of existing service models, 4.) Disjointed collaboration between service providers, and 5.) Imagining emergency motels as a “site to build strengths”. The findings suggest the motel environment restricted children’s access to nutrition, safe physical activity and health care. In addition, proximity to adult residents could increase exposure to adverse experiences. Participants suggested creative ways to collaborate and use motel facilities to build family strengths. However ultimately, long stays in emergency housing motels create an environment where systemic barriers to child health, development and education are likely to be entrenched rather than alleviated. Initiatives that significantly reduce the time children spend in motels, and appropriate support for children in these contexts are urgently required to prevent widening health inequities for the “motel generation”.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100048"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000482/pdfft?md5=c1f325f5e411b44daac330c408edfe8f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000482-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141853540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 lockdowns and children's access to justice: An interrupted time series analysis of Moroccan court filings","authors":"Mathew Toll ,&nbsp;Ang Li ,&nbsp;Natalia Maystorovich Chulio","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Morocco's national lockdown was enforced between March 21st and June 10th 2020 in response to the spread of coronavirus. Restriction of civil space was not fully extended to the judiciary which had to transition to virtual sessions. To prepare for future pandemics and disasters, it is crucial to understand how well court systems across jurisdictions especially in low- and middle-income countries managed to function and protect children's access to justice under the constraints of stay-at-home orders. To investigate the effect of the national lockdown on children's access to justice in Morocco, this study employed interrupted time series analysis of publicly available court filings (N = 77,335) pertaining to child protection from January 1st to December 31st 2020 spanning the pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown periods. Results showed that lockdown measures hampered children's access to justice and is associated with statistically significant and substantial deceases in the number of cases heard by the courts across all filing types. The interrupted time series model estimates that average cases per week dropped by 199.5 for penal filings, 1180.3 for civil filings, 942.5 for complaint filings, and 358.1 for report fillings during the lockdown relative to the pre-lockdown period. While the percentage of cases with recorded delays mostly increased, the average case length decreased except for civil filings which saw a significant increase. The substantial susceptibility of civil cases to lockdowns might be precipitated by the need of individuals to petition the court for a hearing. Evidence suggests that the courts adjudicating child protection cases struggled to maintain operations during the national lockdown, and indicates the need for stronger disaster preparedness and an integrated child protection system to increase the judiciaries' resilience and children's access to justice in future emergency and disaster events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100050"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000500/pdfft?md5=5a0c77a5153e357134ab5b9993fca27f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000500-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141843848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring teacher's capabilities: Development of the CSA-SE scale for assessing teachers' self-efficacy in addressing suspected cases of child sexual abuse","authors":"Frieda Mensing ,&nbsp;Elsa Gewehr ,&nbsp;Marie Merschhemke ,&nbsp;Simone Pülschen","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100049","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100049"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000494/pdfft?md5=ced661f1966f4ba443ec448434e3373e&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000494-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dalgleish scores difference amongst professional roles within the greater child welfare community","authors":"Matthew Trail","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The central tension of the child welfare system is the need to protect children while also encouraging the stability of families. Researchers have attempted to capture this conflict through the use of the Dalgleish Scale (Fluke et al., 2016), which measures attitudes about family preservation versus child safety.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Though used multiple times by researchers over the last decade to test state agency child protection worker's beliefs, the Dalgleish Scale has never before been given to the wider child welfare community.</p></div><div><h3>Participants setting</h3><p>Taken from data collected from more than a 1000 U.S. participants as part of two separate online child welfare decision making survey vignette experiments, this present research is the first to administer the Dalgleish to people from multiple professional roles within the child welfare system.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Dalgleish scores for 13 child welfare professional roles were compared using Mann Whitney U to test for significance and Cohen's d for effect size, while demographic variables within the roles were tested using ANOVA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The results demonstrate significant differences in beliefs about child safety and family preservation between the roles within the child welfare system. On average lawyers tended to rate family preservation higher than any other role. Foster parents, CASA/GAL workers and former foster youth tended to score the highest on child safety scores. State agency caseworkers scored in the middle though still on the child safety side of the scale.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These significant variances in the Dalgleish score based on role suggest that participants’ professional role within child welfare has an impact on how they view the central dynamic question of family preservation and child safety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100047"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000470/pdfft?md5=7e4fed02865f08325bc5e474c6146a5f&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000470-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141623451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-pandemic individual and household predictors of caregiver and child COVID-19-related stress in a high-risk sample","authors":"Anneke E. Olson ,&nbsp;Chad E. Shenk ,&nbsp;Zachary Fisher ,&nbsp;Christine M. Heim ,&nbsp;Jennie G. Noll ,&nbsp;Idan Shalev ,&nbsp;Hannah M.C. Schreier","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100046","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Many families experienced increased stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and families recently investigated for child maltreatment may have been at particularly high risk. However, little research has focused on pre-pandemic individual and household predictors of COVID-19-related stress among such families who may have been especially vulnerable to the pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The present study prospectively examined pre-pandemic predictors of caregiver and child COVID-19-related stress in a sample of caregivers and children investigated for child maltreatment prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>Participants included children (<em>N</em> = 285), ages 8–13, and their caregivers (<em>N</em> = 246) investigated for child maltreatment prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Multiple linear regression models were run to separately predict caregiver and child COVID-19-related stress from pre-pandemic household chaos, caregiver and child emotion regulation, caregiver psychological distress, and sociodemographic characteristics.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Black caregivers and children reported significantly more COVID-19-related stress than White caregivers and children (<em>b =</em> 2.27, <em>p</em> = 0.006 and <em>b =</em> 1.70, <em>p</em> = 0.013, respectively). Hispanic children reported more COVID-19-related stress than non-Hispanic children (<em>b =</em> 2.12, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Caregivers' pre-pandemic psychological distress also predicted their children's COVID-19-related stress (<em>b =</em> 1.80, <em>p</em> = 0.001). Household dysfunction and child and caregiver emotion regulation were unrelated to subsequent COVID-19-related stress (<em>p</em>s &gt; 0.05).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There is a need to support minority families and address mental health concerns to prevent disparate outcomes in the face of stressors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000469/pdfft?md5=5d7f52b7c4000885aabf95df5a740258&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000469-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of online child sexual exploitation through image-sharing","authors":"Michael C. Seto ,&nbsp;Kailey Roche ,&nbsp;Mariesa Nicholas ,&nbsp;Jennifer Newton","doi":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chipro.2024.100045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>There is growing concern about youth online safety, including the risks of youths having their nude/near-nude images and videos solicited and reshared by adults and similar-age peers online. As such, it is important to identify correlates of youths having their images solicited and nonconsensually reshared online.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>We looked at predictors of image-sharing behaviors in a sample of Australian parent-youth dyads.</p></div><div><h3>Participants and setting</h3><p>Participants were 1349 Australian parent-youth dyads (youth <em>M</em>age = 15.5, <em>SD</em> = 1.1, 54.1% female) who completed an anonymous online survey.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Questions about demographic characteristics, parental internet mediation, youth social supports, online bullying victimization, online sexual experiences, and internet knowledge were asked. The outcome variables were youths being solicited to send images to someone online and having their images nonconsensually reshared online in the past year.</p></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><p>Results showed that being a girl, experiencing online bullying, and having online sexual experiences were predictive of youth having their images solicited by someone online. Being younger, experiencing online bullying, having online sexual experiences, and having less internet knowledge were associated with youth having their images nonconsensually reshared online.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These results have implications for parent and youth interventions. In addition to improving youth knowledge about resources for those experiencing solicitation online, interventions may benefit from taking a gendered approach, as being a girl has been a consistent predictor of victimization across studies. Future research should also aim to better understand the victimization experiences of non-White youths and youths belonging to the LGBTIQ+ ​community.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":100237,"journal":{"name":"Child Protection and Practice","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100045"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2950193824000457/pdfft?md5=c653bfcff20af2e8e62027e1b532f507&pid=1-s2.0-S2950193824000457-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}